PURPOSE: To measure intraocular pressure (IOP) as a function of positional changes of the head during heavy weight lifting. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 30 healthy adult males in their twenties to forties. This study investigated their ophthalmic examinations, BMI (body mass index), and 1RM (one repetition maximum) according to the three bench press positions. RESULTS: Before exercising, the IOP was higher in the lowered head position in the decline bench press (18.20+/-2.89 mmHg) than in the incline bench press (14.38+/-2.32 mmHg) (p<0.001). The IOP increased significantly during the bench press exercise, relative to during the pre-exercise (p<0.001). Upon lift down, IOP increased by 3.72+/-1.85 mmHg greater than upon lift up, and mean IOP increased by 2.61+/-1.63 mmHg (p<0.001). In our experiments, IOP increased to a maximum of 22.10+/-2.79 mmHg, measured during lift down in the decline bench press configuration. The BMI and the IOP before exercise showed significant correlation (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IOP increased more during exercise involving a lower head position. Further study is needed to know the extent to which this result is relevant for glaucoma patients and which activities and head positions during exercise may worsen glaucoma. In the meantime, patients with severe glaucoma may need to avoid lifting heavy objects with a lowered head position.
Adult ; Glaucoma ; Head ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lifting ; Male ; Valsalva Maneuver ; Weight Lifting

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: As a technique to assess vocal function, electroglottography (EGG) has become popular among clinicians and researchers. Because it is fairly simple and non-invasive, EGG is easily adopted for routine clinical use. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of weight lifting on the tension of laryngeal adductory muscles and electroglottography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The normal control group was composed of 10 healthy males and 10 healthy females who do have voice disorder. The disease group was composed of 10 male and 10 female patients who have vocal polyp or nodule. Electroglottography taken during comfortable phonation was compared with that taken during phonation produced when the subjects were lifting a weight of 15 kg. RESULTS: The closed quotient of electroglottography in the normal male and female groups were 0.46+/-0.04 and 0.46+/-0.05, respectively. The closed quotient in the male and female patients were 0.47+/-0.05 and 0.50+/-0.05, respectively. The closed quotient of electroglottography was not different between the comfortable voice and the voice during weight lifting. The exception was the normal male control group, but the actual effect of weight lifting in this group was not so significant, compared to the effect of increasing vocal intensity. CONCLUSION: Weight lifting does not produce significant short-term effects on laryngeal muscle tension and on the closed quotient of electroglottography.
Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Muscles ; Lifting ; Male ; Muscles ; Ovum ; Phonation ; Polyps ; Voice ; Voice Disorders ; Weight Lifting*

Massive weight loss results in skin excess, leading to an unsatisfying body contour. Various thigh lift procedures can correct flabby skin in the lower leg. We present a lower body contouring technique with a report on two patients. The procedure is determined by the body contour of the patient. As the skin excess in the thigh area tended to appear mostly on the medial side, a vertical medial thigh lift was considered. Moreover, for patients with a pear/guitar-shaped body contour, we added the spiral thigh lift for skin excess in the buttocks and the lateral thigh area. The extent of tissue to excise was determined by pinching the patient in a standing position. The inferior skin flap was fixed to non-movable tissue, which was helpful for lifting the tissue and preventing the widening of the scar. After the operation, a drain was kept for 3 to 4 days. A compressive garment was used after removing the drain. There were no complications. The patients were discharged 6 to 8 days after the operation. In conclusion, skin excess, especially in the lower body, can be corrected by a thigh lift combining several procedures, varying from person to person.
Buttocks ; Cicatrix ; Humans ; Leg ; Lifting ; Skin ; Thigh ; Weight Loss

Trapezoid fracture is a rare condition and especially, isolated trapezoid fracture is most rare condition of carpal bone fracture. And principle of treatment has not yet been established. Most of trapezoid fractures can be treated using cast but displaced fracture or fracture combined with other carpal bone fractures may require operative treatment. There have been reports about case of conservative treatment in trapezoid stress fracture but no report about case of operative management. We treated a trapezoid stress fracture in a weight lifting athlete by operative treatment and report the results with literature review.
Athletes ; Carpal Bones ; Fractures, Stress* ; Humans ; Trapezoid Bone ; Weight Lifting

OBJECTIVE: To investigate school children's backpack loads, its association with backpack loads and backpain, school-children's perception of their backpack loads, school conditions, and personal factors that determine backpack loads in Korea. METHOD: We weighed the backpacks of 642 school children in three elementary schools in Suwon city. A validated questionnaire evaluating backpain, features of backpack carrying and subjective perceptions of backpack loads was administered to 450 schoolchildren. The data were divided into two groups, those who had experienced backpain and those who had not. Each group was analyzed according to backpack load, perception of backpack load, school condition and personal factors. RESULTS: The mean weight of the backpack was 2.65 kg, which was 7.85% of mean body weight. The number of children whose backpack loads exceeded 15% of their body weight was 3.3%. 34.5% of children experienced backpain and backpack weight and backpack weight/body weight ratio were significantly higher in the group who experienced backpain. Time spent carrying of backpacks was longer and more students reported heaviness and fatigue when carrying backpacks in the same group. There was a difference in manners of carrying of backpacks and locker usage between the two groups. An improper method of backpack carrying, which is more than 10 cm below the waistline was noted in 85% of the school children. CONCLUSION: Carrying a heavier backpack is related to backpain in schoolchildren and a wide investigation should be performed concerning backpack loads of school children in Korea. Adequate backpack load guidelines should be determined.
Body Weight ; Child ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Korea ; Lifting ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Fracture of capitellum humeri, so called Kocher fracture, was first described by Haln in 1853. It is rare and has been occured 0.5% to 1% of incidence of all elbow fracture. The mechanism of this fracture mostly results when one tries to break a fall and lands on the hand with the elbow in some degree of flexing or falls directly on the elbow in a position of full flexion. This case had been occured in a secondary motion
Accidental Falls ; Athletes ; Elbow ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Methods ; Weight Lifting

Annular pulley injury of fingers is usually observed in rock climbers who support their entire body weight with flexed fingers during climbing. But these lesions can also follow trivial trauma, such as lifting heavy objects with the fingertips, or during sports and recreational activities. The A2 and A4 pulleys are most usually involved and reported most frequently. However, traumatic A1 pulley rupture has not been reported yet, to the best of our knowledge. Kendo is a very vigorous martial art with frequent physical contact. Therefore, we reported two cases of repetitive microtraumatic left fourth finger A1 pulley rupture in Kendo players with results from physical examination and imaging studies, such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, together with related literature.
Athletic Injuries ; Body Weight ; Finger Injuries ; Fingers* ; Lifting ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Physical Examination ; Rupture* ; Sports ; Ultrasonography

Nutrient supplements are often used by athletes as ergogenic aids. This study was done to investigate the use of nutrient supplements, nutritional knowledge and nutrient intakes of athletes. Subjects of this survey consisted of 195 national team athletes. The prevalence of nutrient supplement use among all subjects was 30.3%, and the frequency of use, by decreasing order, was weight lifting, taekwondo and badminton athletes. Sport drinks were the type of nutrition supplement used most frequently and vitamin C was the second one. Major reasons for nutrient supplement use were to improve training performance and to recover from fatigue, to supplement fluid and to control weight. The average score of nutritional knowledge was 19.9+/-2.5 for nutrient supplement users, and 19.8+/-3.6 for nutrient supplement nonusers. Intakes of protein, calcium and niacin of the user were higher than those of the nonuser. This information provided by this study can help sport nutritionists identify nutrient supplement most often consumed by national elite athletes and can aid counselors as they guide athletes towards more healthful nutrition practices.
Ascorbic Acid ; Athletes* ; Calcium ; Counseling ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Morinda ; Niacin ; Nutritionists ; Prevalence ; Racquet Sports ; Sports ; Weight Lifting

Androgen doping in power sports is undeniably rampant worldwide. There is strong evidence that androgen administration in men increases skeletal muscle mass, maximal voluntary strength and muscle power. However, we do not have good experimental evidence to support the presumption that androgen administration improves physical function or athletic performance. Androgens do not increase specific force or whole body endurance measures. The anabolic effects of testosterone on the skeletal muscle are mediated through androgen receptor signaling. Testosterone promotes myogenic differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells and inhibits their differentiation into the adipogenic lineage. Testosterone binding to androgen receptor induces a conformational change in androgen receptor protein, causing it to associate with beta-catenin and TCF-4 and activate downstream Wnt target genes thus promoting myogenic differentiation. The adverse effects of androgens among athletes and recreational bodybuilders are under reported and include acne, deleterious changes in the cardiovascular risk factors, including a marked decrease in plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol level, suppression of spermatogenesis resulting in infertility, increase in liver enzymes, hepatic neoplasms, mood and behavioral disturbances, and long term suppression of the endogenous hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Androgens are often used in combination with other drugs which may have serious adverse events of their own. In spite of effective methods for detecting androgen doping, the policies for screening of athletes are highly variable in different countries and organizations and even existing policies are not uniformly enforced.
Androgens ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; physiology ; Doping in Sports ; Humans ; Sports ; Weight Lifting

ESR1 has been listed in the Human Obesity Gene Map as candidate gene associated with obesity. Thus, in this study, we investigated the effect of the ESR1 rs1884051 polymorphism on obesity-related variables, together with their modulations by dietary intake in Korean men. The obesity-related variables and dietary intake of 3,039 Korean men aged 40-59 years from KoGES database were analyzed. Body weight (P = 0.007), BMI (P = 0.003), waist-hip ratio (= 0.011), fat body mass (P = 0.010), and body fat percentage (P = 0.040) were significantly lower in subjects with the minor T allele of ESR1 rs1884051 than in subjects carrying the C allele. Moreover, the rs1884051 T allele was associated with a decreased risk of obesity prevalence (P = 0.040). Among the subjects whose total energy intake was below the median, carrier of the minor T allele of ESR1 rs1884051 had a lower BMI (P = 0.003) when compared with subjects carrying the C allele. In addition, among subjects whose plant protein intake was above the median, carrier of the minor T allele of ESR1 rs1884051 had a lower BMI (P = 0.044) compared with subjects carrying the C allele. Our findings demonstrate that there is a significant association between the ESR1 rs1884051 variant and obesity-related variables and this association can be potentially modified by dietary energy and plant protein intake.
Adipose Tissue ; Aged ; Alleles ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Energy Intake ; Fat Body ; Humans ; Lifting ; Male ; Obesity ; Plants ; Prevalence ; Waist-Hip Ratio