Objective To explore the effect of citalopram on tau phosphorylation and memory defi-cits induced by social isolation (SI) in adult rats.Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley adult rats (8 months) were grouped or isolation reared for six-weeks.Following the initial two-week period of rearing, citalopram ( 10 mg/kg,i.p.) was administered for 4 weeks.Novel object recognition test,Western blot and ELISA were used to detect recognitive function,the levels of tau and GSK-3βprotein,and melatonin level respectively. Results In the novel object recognition test,compared with the citalopram group(0.71±0.05) and housed group(0.73±0.13),discrimination ratio(0.48±0.15) in SI group was significant decreased (P<0.05).Tau hyperphosphorylation at Tau-1 ((0.88±0.11)),Ser396 (3.94±0.74) episodes were found and almost re-versed by citalopram at Tau-1 (1.56±0.17),Ser396 (2.31±0.24) episodes in SI group.Compared with GH group,the total level of GSK-3β(1.12±0.09) was significantly increased,while the level of Ser9-phosphoryl-ated GSK-3β(inactive form) (0.47±0.11) was significantly decreased in the SI group,both of which were reversed by citalopram (GSK-3β(0.87±0.08) and Ser9-phosphorylated GSK-3β(0.80±0.07)).The me-latonin level was decreased in SI group ((359.54±18.80)pg/ml),and citalopram could partly restore the level of melatonin (418.15±18.72)pg/ml, P<0.05).Conclusion The results demonstrate that citalopram increases the level of melatonin which negatively regulates GSK-3βand attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation and memory deficits induced by SI in adult rats.

Objective:To analyze the utilization and tendency of oral hypoglycemic agents in some hospitals of Wuhan from 2010 to 2012. Methods:The relative data of oral hypoglycemic agents used in 32 hospitals of Wuhan area during 2010-2012 were analyzed using consumption sum, DDDs and defined daily dose as the indices. Results:The consumption sum of oral hypoglycemic agents was increased year after year;acarbose and gliclazide were widely used and occupied front places among the drugs. However, the percent-age of traditional Chinese medicine used for decreasing blood sugar was declined. Conclusion:During 2010-2012, the DDDs value and the consumption sum of oral hypoglycemic agents in Wuhan area are stable and normal, and the application will be further developed.

Objective To investigate the accuracy of image registration with computed tomograpby (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and to determine gross tumor volume(GTV) of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods Thirteen patients were enrolled in this study.CT image was taken in inhala tion phase,and MRIT2 image at the time of peak exhalation.Additional MRIT2 image was taken by fast scanning(MRIT2F) in peak inhalation phase in 6 patients.After mutual information method to CT/MRI im age registration,manual adjustment was made to optimize the accuracy of image fusion.The GTV and liver of each patient was independently contoured by two observers on CT,MRIT2 and MRIT2F images.The accura oy of image fusion was assessed by the ratio of liver overlap(P-LIVERCT-MRIAT2 ,P-LIVERCT-MRIT2F) ,and the dis tance between bone markers(DCT-MRIT2,DCT-MRIT2F) of CT and MRI on the fused image.The volumes of GTV contoured on CT (V-GTVCT),MRIT2 (V-GTVMRIT2),MRIT2F (V-GTVMRIT2F) and their overlap (V GTVCT-MRIT2,V-GTVCT-MRIT2F) and composite volumes (V-GTVCT+MRIT2,V-GTVCT+MRIT2F)were measured.The percentage of V-GTVCT and V-GTVMRIT2 on V-GTVCT+MRIT2,V-GTVCT and V-GTVMRIT2F on V-GTVCT+MRIT2F,V GTVCTMRIT2 and V-GTVCT-MRIT2F on V-GTVCT was also calculated,respectively.Results The mean DCT-MRIT2 and DCT-MRIT2F were 2.7±0.8 mm and 2.1Q±0.9mm.The mean P-LIVERCT-MRIT2 and P-LIVERCT-MRIT2F were 85.9% ± 4.1% and 92.7%± 1.5%.Interobserver difference was significant for GIN defined by CT,but not by MRIT2.V-GTVCT,V-GTVMRIT2 and V-GTVMRIT2F were 387±396 cm3 ,488 ±461 cm3 and 597 ±541 cm3 ,respectively.The percentage of V-GTVCT and V-GTVMRIT2 on V-GTVCT+MRIT2 was 66.2%±13.5% and 88.7% ± 10.2% ,while V-GTVCT and V-GTVMRIT2F on V-GTVCT-MRIT2F was 71.3%±12.7% and 93.5%± 4.8%,respectively.Conclusions CT and MRI for image fusion should be obtained in the same respirato ry phase and in the same treatment position.Automatic registration using mutual information method by auto matic registration software is useful.CT and MRI image should be integrated for HCC GTV delineation.GTV used for planning should be the sum of CT-defined GTV and MRl-defined GTV.

Objective To study the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the effect of SB203580 on proliferation and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells and the effects of H2S on expressions of collagenⅠand collagenⅢmRNA in hepatic stel-late cells. Methods There were five groups of HSC-T6 cells in this study including control group (DMEM medium contain-ing10%fetal bovine serum), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS)group,SB203580 (SB)group and SB+NaHS group. MTT method was used to detect the cell proliferation and inhibition rate of HSC-T6 cells treated by SB203580 and H2S. The apoptotic rate of HSC-T6 cells was detected by flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. RT-PCR was used to detect the expressions of collagenⅠand collagenⅢmRNA in HSC-T6. Results The apop-totic rate of HSC-T6 cells was significantly higher in SB group and SB+NaHS group than that of control group, and the rate was significantly higher in SB+NaHS group than that of SB group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the apop-totic rate of HSC-T6 cells between DMSO and NaHS groups than that of control group. The expressions of collagenⅠand col-lagenⅢmRNA were found in five groups of cells. There was a higher expression of collagenⅠand collagenⅢmRNA in NaHS group than that of control group (P＜0.05). The expressions of collagenⅠand collagenⅢmRNA were significantly lower in SB group and SB+NaHS group than those of control group and NaHS group (P＜0.05). Conclusion H2S activated P38MAPK signal pathway. And P38MAPK was specifically blocked by SB203580 in HSC-T6 cells, which inhibited the cell proliferation stimulated by H2S and promoted the apoptosis.

Objective:To investigate the damaging traits of cognitive function in late-onset depression.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,30 elderly out-and in-patients whose first onset of major depression occurred at 60 years of age and older were included as the case group,and 30 age-and gender-matched normal elderly people were included as the controls.The diagnoses of moderate to severe depressive episode or recurrent depression were made according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems,Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnostic criteria.The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST),Stroop Test and Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) were used to assess attentional set shifting,attentional inhibition and working memory.The severity of depression was evaluated with the Hamilton Depression Scale-17(HAMD-17).Results:The performance scores of errors,perseverative responses,perseverative errors,percent of perseverative errors in the WCST were significantly higher in the patient group then in the control group[(61 ± 23) vs.(41 ± 25),(44 ± 27) vs.(27± 19),(36 ± 20) vs.(23 ± 16),(28 ± 15) vs.(19 ± 11),P ＜ 0.01].The scores of conceptual level responses [(36±24) vs.(54 ±26)],the correct scores of consistent group in Stroop test[(19 ±3) vs.(20 ±2)] and the scores of VFT in WCST[(10 ±2) vs.(11 ±2)] were lower in the patient group than in the control group (Ps ＜0.01).The scores of perseverative responses in the WCST were positively correlated with retardation factor scores(r =0.38,P ＜ 0.05).The correct scores of consistent group in the Stroop test were negatively correlated with retardation factor scores(r =-0.41,P ＜ 0.05).The scores of VFT were negatively correlated with retardation factor scores(r =-0.52,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion:There may be impairment of cognitive function in late-onset depression,especially severe executive dysfunction.

Objective To explore the influence of icotinib in the apoptosis of the human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cells ACC-M, and to clarify the mechanism of icotinib for the treatment of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.Methods The ACC-M cells were randomly divided into control group,2,4,8μmo1·L-1 icotinib groups,p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (20μmol· L-1 )group,SB203580 (20 μmol· L-1 )+4μmo1 · L-1 icotinib group;the cells were collected 4 h after treatment.The viability of ACC-M cells was measured by MTT assay.The apoptosis of ACC-M cells was assessed by caspase-3 activity kit. The expression of p-p38-MAPK protein was determined by Western blotting analysis.Results Compared with control group,the inhibitory rates of growth of the ACC-M cells in icotinib groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05 ), and the activities of caspase-3 were increased (P<0.05),and the expression levels of p-p38-MAPK were significantly increased (P<0.05).Compared with 4μmo1·L-1 icotinib group,the expression level of p-p38-MAPK in SB203580+icotinib group were decreased (P < 0.05 ), and the activity of caspase-3 was decreased dramatically (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Icotinib may induce the apoptosis of ACC-M cells through the activation of p38-MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective:To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Problem Area in Diabetes Scale (PAID) for assessing diabetes-related distress in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods:Totally 203 outpatients with type 2 diabetes from a tertiary hospital in Beijing were selected. They were assessed with PAID,Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17),Patient Health Questionaire-9(PHQ-9),World Health Organization Five item Well-Being Index (WHO-5 ),Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)and HbA1 C. Item analysis and exploratory factoranalysis were conducted to test constructive validity. Concurrent validity was evaluated by the correlation coeffi-cients with the other instruments mentioned above. Totally 3 1 subjects were retested 4 weeks later to obtain the test-retest reliability. Results:Exploratory factor analysis produced 4 factors,including emotional,therapeutic,diet and perceived society support problems specific to diabetics. The total variance contribution ratio was 64. 33%. Except i-tem 7 and 20,no item was across two factors. The correlation coefficients of each item with relevant subscale score ranged from 0. 67 to 0. 86. The PAID scores were positively correlated with the scores of HAMD-17,PHQ-9 and HbA1C (r=0. 48,0. 43,0. 21,P<0. 001 or 0. 01),and negatively correlated with WHO-5 scores (r=-0. 46,P<0. 001). The Cronbach's αcoefficients were 0. 94 for the total scale and 0. 81 -0. 88 for the 4 subscales. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0. 65 for the total scale and 0. 53-0. 73 for the 4 subscales. Conclusion:The validi-ty and reliability of the Problem Area in Diabetes Scale are acceptable in Chinese mainland,and can be available to assess the stress related to diabetics.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in hydrogen sulfide-induced alterations in expression of collagen I and collagen III in hepatic stellate cells.

METHODSIn vitro cultured rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6) were treated with hydrogen sulfide, or left untreated for use as controls, and divided into groups for treatment with different inhibitors for the various factors involved in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Reverse transcription-PCR was used to measure Collagen I and collagen III mRNA expression. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of PI3K and p-Akt, which are upstream proteins of the PI3K/Akt pathway.

RESULTSCompared with the untreated control cells, the hydrogen sulfide treated cells showed elevated expression of collagen I mRNA (F =14.635, P less than 0.05), collagen III mRNA (F =14.620, P less than 0.05), PI3K protein (F =26.672, P less than 0.05), and p-Akt (F =23.522, P less than 0.05). Compared to the cells treated with hydrogen sulfide alone, the cells treated with the various inhibitors showed lower expression of collagen I mRNA (F =14.635, P less than 0.05), collagen III mRNA (F=14.620, P less than 0.05), PI3K protein (F =26.672, P less than 0.05), and p-Akt protein (F =23.522, P less than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHydrogen sulfide can activate the PI3K/Akt pathway and elevate the expression of collagen I and collagen III in rat hepatic stellate cells.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen Type I ; metabolism ; Collagen Type III ; metabolism ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; pharmacology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Signal Transduction

Objective:To compare the effectiveness and recurrence rate of different types of mesh or without mesh in laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair.Methods:From Jan 2016 to Mar 2022 at the three hospital 90 patients with hiatal hernia, including 26 cases without mesh, 29 cases using synthetic mesh, and 35 cases using biological mesh underwent laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair.Results:The surgical procedures was successful in all the 90 cases without conversion to open surgeny. There were no statistically significant differences in operative time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative hospital stay among the three groups ( P>0.05), and there were statistically significant differences in hospital cost between the group without mesh and synthetic mesh and biological mesh ( P<0.05). Long-term follow-up was achieved in 87 patients, with a follow-up rate of 96.7% (87/90), and a median follow-up time of 44 months. There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative complications (diarrhea, dysphagia, abdominal distension, chest pain), recurrence rate of symptoms (acid reflux, heartburn) and patient satisfaction among the three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:In laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair, the mesh should be carefully selected according to the specific intraoperative situation for a satisfactory clinical efficacy.

The research on risk factors for stroke is of great significance for the early identification of high-risk groups and the improvement of prognosis. Studies have confirmed that insulin resistance （IR） is an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases. Triglyceride-glucose （TyG） index has a great potential value as a simple and reliable alternative index for IR. A relatively high TyG index is associated with increases in atherosclerosis， carotid intima-media thickness， carotid plaque instability， and the incidence rate of cardiovascular diseases. A large number of evidence has proved that TyG index can predict the risk of ischemic stroke. TyG index is independently associated with the adverse clinical outcomes of ischemic stroke， which can aggravate the deterioration of the nervous system during hospitalization and cause the recurrence of ischemic stroke. Individuals with a high TyG index are more likely to develop cerebrovascular diseases， and a potential linear dose-response relationship is observed. This article systematically summarizes the evidence for the association between TyG index and stroke and discusses the value of TyG in optimizing the risk stratification of ischemic stroke.