Objective To evaluate the success rate,vascular patency time and their influencing factors of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in treating swollen hand syndrome in hemodialysis patients.Methods The clinical data of 16 hemodialysis patients with swollen hand syndrome,who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from May 2015 to March 2017 to receive PTA,were retrospectively analyzed.The technical success rate,the follow-up primary vascular patency time and primary patency rate were calculated,and the factors influencing technical success rate and vascular patency time were analyzed.Results Venography with DSA revealed that a total of 16 segments of venous stenosis or occlusion were found in 16 patients,including 6 stenotic lesions and 10 occlusive lesions.Successful PTA was obtained in 14 patients,including one patient whose angiography performed immediately after PTA with balloon dilatation showed that the stenosis was still over 50％,and stent implantation had to be carried out.The technical success rate was 87.5％,in 2 patients PTA failed as the guide wire could not pass through the long segment of vascular occlusion.The 14 patients were followed up for 3-24 months,and the median patency time was 10.5 months.The 3-,6-and 12-month primary patency rates were 71.4％ (10/14),57.1％ (8/14) and 42.9％ (6/14) respectively.Univariate analysis indicated that the length of occlusive segment and the balloon pressure required for angioplasty were the potential factors that affected the postoperative vascular patency time.Conclusion For the treatment of swollen hand syndrome in hemodialysis patients,PTA is safe and effective,although long-term vascular patency rate needs to be further improved.