The Ly2~+ Cortisone-Resistant Thymocytes(CRT)were cultured in mediumcontaining IL2,CAS and various mitogens for 7 days.The cytolytic activityof effector CTL was assayed by ~(111)In-release cytotoxicity.At the K/T ratio32/1,the cytotoxicity of effector CTL generated from the stimulus of ConA,PMA.Calcium ionophore(CaI)and PMA+CaI was 46%,24%,13% and 5%respectively.This was the first time that the Cal showed a stronger effecton the inhibition of the generation of effector CTL than that of PMA.The inhibition of PMA and CaI on the differentiation of CTL could bepartially reversed by the removal of PMA and CaI-containing medium andreplaced with cytokine-containing fresh medium.The cytolytic activity wasincreased by three fold,but still 2.4 fold lower than that stimulated byConA at the same K/T ratio. The critical cytokine in the replaced medium was IL2 for the differentia-tion of CTL.Supplementation of IFNr,IL4 or CAS could not further increasethe cytotoxicity.However,the cytolytic activity was slightly increased whenIFNr was added at the initiation of culture. Early T cells could be induced to generate antigen-specific cytotoxic Tcells when cultured in the system with our designed protocol,

The most important thing for the treatment of large area burned patients is to effectively cover the wound in time to prevent the occurrence and development of wound sepsis.Therefore,searching for the effective wound closure approach is the hot spot of research of large area burn treatment in recent years.There are more and more kinds of skin substitutes along with the progress of material science and technology.In this paper,we review the research on skin substitutes of large area burn treatment in China and abroad.

P-glycoprotein(P-gp)and CD44 have been characterized and are known to be determinants of multidrug resistance(MDR)and cancer metastases.Recent researches suggest that there is a correlation between P-glycoprotein(MDR)and CD44(invasion and metastases).A better understanding of any relationship between drug resistance and tumor metastasis may lead to more effective tumor treatment.

The treatment of advanced breast cancer is mainly palliative treatment. Endocrine therapy is the main treatment for hormone receptor positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer patients without visceral crisis or life-threatening conditions. The goal of endocrine therapy is to prolong survival, improve or maintain quality of life, and delay the start of chemotherapy as much as possible. In recent years, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors have been approved and used clinically. CDK4/6 inhibitors are a new type of targeted therapy drugs, which are mainly used in HR+/HER2- breast cancer patients, making a breakthrough in related endocrine therapy models. Currently, the CDK4/6 inhibitors approved by the US Food and Drug Administration are Palbociclib, Ribociclib and Abemaciclib. Compared with traditional endocrine therapy alone, CDK4/6 inhibitor combined with endocrine therapy significantly prolongs the progression-free survival of breast cancer patients, and is well tolerated. In this paper, the clinical research progress in CDK4/6 inhibitor combined with endocrine therapy for HR+/HER2- breast cancer was introduced, and the adverse reactions of three CDK4/6 inhibitors mentioned above in clinical application were analyzed.

Silicone prostheses are the major biomaterials used in reconstructive and aesthetic breast surgery. The use of silicone gel breast implants in China was much later than that in western countries. The wide spread use of silicone gel-filled implants in the medical profession has documented in its success and usefulness, but some possible complications also occurred following this good clinical record. The main complications are rupture and leakage of silicon gel-filled mammary prosthesis, capsular contracture, implant shift and infection. Therefore, we not only pay attention to the defined complications, but also think highly of the disputing security issues.

Professor ZHOU Zhong-ying has rich and particular clinical experience in the application of traditional Chinese medicine.This article tries to introduce some drugs’concerted applications of him : Regulating and lowering qi with bitter and pungent herbs,such as Coptis Root matches Cinnamon Bark,Coptis Root matches Pinellia Tuber,Coptis Root and Scutellaria Root match Magnolia Bark and Atractylodes Rhizome,Coptis Root matches Evodia Fruit,Coptis Root matches Caulis Perillae(Folium Perillae);combined method of warming,heat-clearing,regulating and tonifying is used when damp-heat hurts stomach yin,leading failure of stomach qi to descend and rise and internal cold and heat induces diffi ciency of stomach.Also,this article introduces other paired herbs: Radix Rehmanniae matches Blackend swallowwort root,Blackend swallowwort root mathes Scaly Anteater,Herba Lycopi,Scaly Anteater matches Evonymus alata,Atractylodes Rhizome matches Amoorcorn tree bark,Radix Scrophulariae matches Atractylodes Rhizome,Caulis aristolochiae matches Liquidambaris,fructus.

The Comprehensive Rehabilitation on Combining Medical Treatments with Education (CRCMTE) has become hot in the field of special education and rehabilitation medicine. The research of CRCMTE is deepening, the formulation of CRCMTE was drawn on a special background, and the content of CRCMTE involves extensive range of service. The research in the future will focus on some fields, such as personnel training, establishing institution, the school-based rehabilitation, and the reform of children's hospital rehabilitation department (center).

The aim of synthetic biology is to design artificial life systems. Such system is hoped to create a better production process with desired ability for bioproduction, biotransformation, adaption and environmental monitoring. However, to design a life system involves understanding the cellular regulation networks at multiple levels, in which the controls of protein level, subcelluar location, and activity are especially critical. Thus tuning protein expression has become essential tools in synthetic biology studies, such as part design, module assembly and compatibility optimization. Protein budget, just like budget for a factory, can be thought as the cost estimating criteria for an artificial cell factory. Protein budget control has provided a powerful optimization strategy for synthetic biology.
Artificial Cells ; metabolism ; Metabolic Engineering ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; genetics ; Protein Engineering ; Proteins ; economics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Synthetic Biology ; economics

BACKGROUND:Skin preparation before surgery has been described as a preventive measure for reducing infections following total knee arthroplasty.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the prophylactic effect of skin preparation on the infections after total knee arthroplasty.METHODS:A total of 422 patients (493 knees) who were candidate for primary total knee arthroplasty,including 98 males and 327 females.They were from 40 years old to 84 years old,averaging 60 years old.According to the different ways of preoperative skin preparation,the patients were divided into 3 groups,razor skin preparation group (n=290 patients,331 knees),dehairing agent skin preparation group (n=74 patients,88 knees),and skin cleaning on the surgical morning group (n=61 patients,74 knees);the limb infections after replacement were observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:All patients were followed up for 0.5-5.5 years,with an average of 3.9 years.The infection incidence after total knee arthroplasty in the razor skin preparation group,dehairing agent skin preparation group,skin cleaning on the surgical morning group were 1.81%,2.27%,1.35%,respectively.It is indicated that there is no significant difference in the infection rate of skin preparation by different methods following total knee arthroplasty.

Objective To summarize the main nursing point and experience of allogeneic small bowel transplantation.Methods One case underwent allogeneic small bowel transplantation in our hospital on the first of December 2010,the nursing measures were summarized.Results The patient passed the operation well-off,and survived the infection phase and repulsion phase in the transplantation ward.Conclusions Valid preoperative evaluation,taking active measures to prevent intraoperative hypothermia and infection,using self-made vacuum pads to prevent pressure sores during operation,are the guarantees for successful operation.