The skin transcriptome of Bufu bufo gargarizans was determined by conventional methods. A novel full length cDNA coding for a Cathelicidin precursor was identified by transcriptomic data assembling, annotation and blast search of corresponding data banks. According to the known processing methods of Cathelicidin family members, present reported novel Cathelicidin precursor of B. bufo gargarizans might be cleaved at 2 possible sites of the same precursor and generate both BG-CATH25 and BG-CATH29 as mature molecules. The deduced BG-CATH25 and BG-CATH29 were synthesized with purity>95% to evaluate the properties and bactericidal activities. The secondary structural characteristics of both BG-CATH25 and BG-CATH29 in different solutions were determined by Circular Dichroism (CD) Analysis. CD results indicated that random coil conformation were the main structural elements for both BG-CATH25 and BG-CATH29 in different buffer systems. Antimicrobial activities against tested bacterial strains were carried out by plating method. Both BG-CATH25 and BG-CATH29 showed strong antibacterial activities against Aeromonas hydrophila, with MIC values of 1.25, 10 mg•L⁻¹, respectively. However, both of them showed weak bactericidal activities against human pathogenic bacteria, like Escherichia coli (ATCC25922）,Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923）and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853).

Objective:To report one case of renal clear cell carcinoma transferred to the nasal cavity and sinuses treated by low temperature coblation assisted nasal malignant tumor resection under nasal endoscopye, and to review the associated literatures.Methods: Under nasal endoscope, the tumor was removed along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity with bipolar electrocautery and coblation.The vaseline gauze was used to stop bleeding, and the tumor was completely removed.Results: The intraoperative frozen section showed a capillary hemangioma.The patient was diagnosed as metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the nasal cavity and sinuses by the results of pathology and immunohistochemical staining.The postoperative recovery was uneventful and the nasal packing was removed 3 d after operation.Conclusion: Renal clear cell carcinoma transferred to the nasal cavity and sinuses is rare;under nasal endoscope, surgical resection is a good procedure to control metastasis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of CPAP therapy on sleep quality and quality of life in patients with moderate or severe OSAHS. METHOD: Seventy-two patients diagnosed as OSAHS by polysomnography (PSG) were assigned to receive CPAP therapy for 3 months. At baseline and three months after treatment patients underwent polysomnography (PSG). Analyze the results of PSG, sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, quality of life and the general well-being. RESULT: The lowest average oxygen saturation and the average blood oxygen saturation improved significantly after CPAP therapy, and the longest sleep apnea time and AHI decreased obviously (P < 0.01). Except body pain, the other seven dimensions of SF-36 improved obviously (P < 0.01); ESS, PSQI and GWB also improved (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION For patients with moderate or severe OSAHS, CPAP therapy can obviously improve the sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, improve patients' life quality and the general well-being.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Humans ; Oximetry ; Polysomnography ; Quality of Life ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; therapy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEEpithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) not only initiates invasion and metastasis of tumors, but also induces multidrug resistance in tumor cells. Our experiment analyzed the dependability between breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) and EMT in breast cancer to explore the effect of EMT on BCRP-mediated multidrug resistance.

METHODSThe expressions of BCRP and transcription inhibitor Snai1 (Snail) in breast cancer were detected by immunohistochemistry. The eukaryotic expression vector pCDNA3.1-Snail was constructed and then transfected into human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Snail, epithelial marker gene E-cadherin, interstitial marker gene Vimentin, multidrug resistance protein BCRP, and relative drug resistance were measured by immunofluorescence, Western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and MTT assay.

RESULTSImmunohistochemistry showed that Snail was highly correlated with BCRP in breast cancer. Immunofluorescence, Western blot, real-time PCR revealed that compared with parent cell MCF-7, after transfected with Snail, the expression of E-cadherin in MCF-7 decreased, but Snail, Vimentin, and BCRP increased. MTT displayed that the relative drug resistance increased to 9.93.

CONCLUSIONAfter transfected with eukaryotic expression vector pCDNA3.1-Snail, breast cancer cells MCF-7 showed EMT with BCRP-mediated multidrug resistance.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 2 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; genetics ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Cadherins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mitoxantrone ; pharmacology ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plasmids ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Snail Family Transcription Factors ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Vimentin ; genetics ; metabolism

As a key regulatory element of gene differential expression, enhancer plays a crucial role in craniomaxillofacial development through regulating the spatiotemporal expression of target genes to promote tissue-specific differentiation. With the development of CRISPR and chromosome conformation capture technique, the function of enhancer and its regulatory mechanism has been explored in depth. This paper gave a systematic review on the mechanism of enhancer regulating target gene expression and the role of enhancer in oral craniofacial development and malformation.
Animals ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Mammals/genetics*

BACKGROUND:CT-guided percutaneous intervention and rehabilitation techniques are both classic programs for diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Is the combination of CT-guided percutaneous intervention and rehabilitation techniques preferential y used for treatment of lumbar disc herniation?
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the curative effect of CT-guided interventional injection combined with rehabilitation integration treatment for lumbar disc herniation and to analyze prognostic factors.
METHODS:Eighty-eight patients with lumbar disc herniation were subjected to CT-guided interventional injection combined with rehabilitation integration treatment from May 2010 to May 2013. Injection medicine consisted of betamethasone, tanshinone Ⅱ A sulfonate, neurotropin, normal saline and iohexol. Rehabilitation integration treatment included traction, manipulation, acupuncture, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and thermal magnon. Macnab criteria and Chinese version of Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire were used to assess the curative effects in comparison with the 112 patients receiving only CT-guided interventional injection that were reported previously. The prognostic factors, such as age, disease course time and herniation type of target segment were testified by correlation analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Total y 77 patients were completely fol owed up for 1 year. There were excellent outcomes in 64 cases, while favorable outcomes in 7 cases, fair outcomes in 5 case, poor outcome in 1 case, with a better outcome rate of 92%.There was a significantly decreased trend in Oswestry disability Index scores at 1, 6, 12 months during the fol ow-ups (P<0.01). No severe complications occurred in al the included patients. The curative effects were improved in term of better outcomes rate compared with the 112 patients receiving only CT-guided interventional injection, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The young group (≤ 45 years) had better outcomes than the older group (>45 years;P<0.01). In addition, disease course time and herniation type of target segment were not statistical y significant risk factors predicting clinical results (P>0.05). These findings indicate that CT-guided interventional injection combined with rehabilitation integration treatment could relieve lower back pain and radical leg pain effectively and decrease life disability level.

In the field of bilingualism research, a key scientific question is how bilinguals process two language systems, particularly the effective switch from one language to another, namely bilingual code switching. With the rapid development of neuroimaging techniques, important progresses have been made in bilingual processing studies, especially in code switching. However, consensus has not been achieved regarding the mechanisms of bilingual code switching. Bilingual switching studies using neuropsychological and neuroimaging techniques have gained insights into the temporal and spatial features of the language switching process and the neurological mechanism, which provide direct evidence for the generation mechanism of bilingual code switching.

OBJECTIVETo observe the association between melatonin (MLT) secretion and blood pressure changes during 24 hours in hypertensive patients (HPT) with (dipping) or without (non-dipping) night time blood pressure reduction.

METHODSThe 24-hour blood pressure and urine 6-SMT (6-sulfatoxymelatonin, metabolism product of MLT in urine) in the daytime and nighttime were measured in normal control subjects (n = 20), non-dipping HPT group (n = 32) and dipping HPT group (n = 36).

RESULTSAs expected, blood pressure reduction during the night was significantly lower in non-dipping HPT group compared to control and dipping HPT groups. Nighttime 6-SMT was significantly higher than daytime 6-SMT in all groups and nighttime urine 6-SMT levels and ratio of nighttime/daytime urine 6-SMT levels were significantly lower in non-dipping HPT group compared to control and dipping HPT groups (all P < 0.01). Moreover, ratio of nighttime/daytime urine 6-SMT levels are positively correlated blood pressure reduction during nighttime (P < 0.05) in all groups.

CONCLUSIONSCircadian rhythm of MLT secretion is maintained but nighttime MLT secretion was significantly reduced and related to disorders of circadian rhythm of blood pressure in non-dipping HPT group.

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Circadian Rhythm ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; urine ; Male ; Melatonin ; urine ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo study the risk factors for elevated serum total bile acid (TBA) in preterm infants.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 216 preterm infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. According to the presence or absence of elevated TBA (TBA >24.8 μmol/L), the preterm infants were divided into elevated TBA group with 53 infants and non-elevated TBA group with 163 infants. A univariate analysis and an unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the risk factors for elevated TBA.

RESULTSThe univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the elevated TBA group and the non-elevated TBA group in gestational age at birth, birth weight, proportion of small-for-gestational-age infants, proportion of infants undergoing ventilator-assisted ventilation, fasting time, parenteral nutrition time, and incidence of neonatal respiratory failure and sepsis (P<0.05). The unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low birth weight (OR=3.84, 95%CI: 1.53-9.64) and neonatal sepsis (OR=2.56, 95%CI: 1.01-6.47) were independent risk factors for elevated TBA in preterm infants.

CONCLUSIONSLow birth weight and neonatal sepsis may lead to elevated TBA in preterm infants.

Bile Acids and Salts ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; blood ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; blood ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis ; blood

Long-term poor dietary habits can cause changes in the intestinal flora, resulting in the production of a large number of lipopolysaccharide, increase intestinal mucosal permeability, and activate the entrance of a large number of inflammatory factors into the portal vein. In addition, a high carbohydrate diet can increase liver metabolic burden, increase mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, leading to oxidative stress, generate new fat during adenosine triphosphate synthesis, and thus resulting in ectopic fat accumulation, which further activate nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and release inflam- matory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and so on. This leads to obesity and insulin resis- tance, ultimately triggering systemic low-grade inflammation. This article reviews the mechanism of poor dietary habits leading to systemic low-grade inflammation, the clinical and experimental research progress of keloids and systemic low-grade inflammation, the association between dietary habits and keloid constitution, and puts forward the hypothesis that poor dietary habits may lead to the occurrence and development of keloids.
Diet/adverse effects* ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Inflammation/metabolism* ; Keloid/physiopathology* ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism*