ObjectiveTo evaluate the learning curve of utilizing the full endoscopic technique for the surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation.MethodsFrom August 2008 to February 2009,30 patients with lumbar disc herniation underwent lumbar discectomy by the full endoscopic-only approach were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into three groups of 10 sequential cases each.Group of early time consisted of the first 10 cases,Group of medium term the subsequent 10 cases,and Group of later time the last 10 cases.The clinical evaluation data included operative time,length of hospital stay,leg and back pain visual analogue scale (VAS),and complications.ResultsAll patients were observed prospectively for (1.61±0.22) years.There was no measurable intraoperative bleeding,no postoperative infections and symptomatic recurrences in the three groups.Compared to group of early time,the operative time in group of medium term was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).The patients in group of later time had much less operative time than that in group medium term(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference with length of hospital stay between the three groups (P＞0.05).The improvement of leg and back VAS in each group was similar:there was a significant improvement 3 months post-operation compared with pre-operation (P ＜0.05),but no statistical difference between 3 months post-operation and final foliow-up(P＞0.05).The complication rate was 12.5％ for group of early time,10％ for group of medium term,and 0 for group of later time.There were two cases conversed to an open procedure for group of early time compared with 0 cases in both other groups.ConclusionExcellent clinical and minimally invasive outcomes can be obtained in the surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation via the interlaminar approach assisted by full endoscopic technique.However,attention must be paid to the steep learning curve with use of this complex technique.Obtaining microsurgical experience and suitable patient selection can help shorten the learning curve and decrease the complications.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of iTRAQ multiplex tandem mass spectrometry in the detection of the ex-pression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in patients with invasive breast cancer .Methods A total of 35 patients with breast cancer and 30 healthy subjects were selected from January 2014 to October 2016 in this hospital ,the expression of serum HGF in breast cancer patients with different clinical stages and healthy subjects was analyzed by iTRAQ labeling ,mass spectrometry ,library searching and Scqffold software ,and the differential expression of HGF was verified by Western blot .Results A total of 237 pro-teins were identified in the serum samples of this study ,and 89 proteins with strict quantitative criteria ,17 differentially expressed proteins ,included HGF ,were screened for breast cancer patients and healthy controls .iTRAQ markers showed that the expression level of serum HGF in different clinical stage of breast cancer patients was significantly higher than that in healthy subjects (P<0 .05) .The results of Western blot showed that the relative expression level of serum HGF in breast cancer patients was significant-ly higher than that in healthy subjects(P<0 .05) .Conclusion iTRAQ multiplex tandem mass spectrometry is useful for the detection of breast cancer patients with high expression of HGF ,which is of great significance in guiding the clinical treatment of breast cancer .

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that has become a major gastroenterologic problem during recent decades. Numerous complicating factors are involved in UC development such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and microbiota disorder. These factors exacerbate damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier. Spirulina platensis is a commercial alga with various biological activity that is widely used as a functional ingredient in food and beverage products. However, there have been few studies on the treatment of UC using S. platensis aqueous extracts (SP), and the underlying mechanism of action of SP against UC has not yet been elucidated. Herein, we aimed to investigate the modulatory effect of SP on microbiota disorders in UC mice and clarify the underlying mechanisms by which SP alleviates damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to establish a normal human colonic epithelial cell (NCM460) injury model and UC animal model. The mitochondrial membrane potential assay 3-‍‍(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,‍5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and staining with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) and Hoechst 33258 were carried out to determine the effects of SP on the NCM460 cell injury model. Moreover, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot, and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing were used to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of SP on UC in C57BL/6 mice. In vitro studies showed that SP alleviated DSS-induced NCM460 cell injury. SP also significantly reduced the excessive generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevented mitochondrial membrane potential reduction after DSS challenge. In vivo studies indicated that SP administration could alleviate the severity of DSS-induced colonic mucosal damage compared with the control group. Inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress was associated with increases in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of tight junction proteins (TJs) post-SP treatment. SP improved gut microbiota disorder mainly by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and the expression of TJs in the colon. Our findings demonstrate that the protective effect of SP against UC is based on its inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine overproduction, inhibition of DSS-induced ROS production, and enhanced expression of antioxidant enzymes and TJs in the colonic mucosal barrier.
Animals ; Antioxidants/pharmacology* ; Colitis/prevention & control* ; Colitis, Ulcerative/metabolism* ; Colon/metabolism* ; Dextran Sulfate/toxicity* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Inflammation/metabolism* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Spirulina