Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (LCH), the most common histiocytic disorder, is a reactive clonal proliferation and accumulation of CD1a+ / CD207+ dendritic cells in inflammatory lesion, characterized by its strong heterogeneity and changeable complexity including apparent inflammation and tumor features, which should be redefined as an inflammatory myeloid neoplasia. Recent research has shown that LCH is the consequence of misguided myeloid differentiation on account of genomic aberrances in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway. These gene inhibitors may present more curative effects for the treatment of LCH. With further prospective clinical trial, molecular targeted therapy may combine with or even replace the traditional surgery plus chemotherapy as the first-line regimen in LCH.

Talk teaching is an effective form of teaching research activity.It focuses on the teachers,teaching ideas and their abilities of curriculum development,curriculum designing and teaching practice.It is of great significance in optimizing pathophysiologic teaching,improving the teaching effect and teachers'quality.It is worth discussing and promoting.Talk teaching should be the basic skill necessary to the teachers of basic medicine.

AIM: To study the alteration of expression of iNOS mRNA and ecNOS mRNA in peripheral leukocytes of Wistar rats fed with fructose. METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group ( n =10) and the fructose feeding group( n =10). The fructose feeding group drank 12% fructose water for 6 months. The blood glucose, blood insulin, and the expression of iNOS mRNA and ecNOS mRNA in peripheral leukocytes of rats were determined. RESULTS: The levels of blood insulin ( P

AIM: To explore the effect of atorvastatin on the expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 in the adventi-tia of ApoE-/-mice with atherosclerosis, and to investigate the underlying mechanism of atorvastatin therapy.METHODS:Male ApoE-/-mice (n =40) at 6-weeks of age were used to establish the atherosclerosis model by feeding with high fat diet. The mice were randomly divided into model group and atorvastatin group.In atorvastatin group, the mice were lavaged with atorvastatin at dose of 20 mg? kg-1? d-1 .The mice in model group were given normal saline.C57BL/6 mice of the same age served as control group, feeding with ordinary food.The mice were respectively sacrificed at the time points of 10 and 15 weeks after feeding with different diets.The ascending aorta was removed for serial sectioning.Some sections were per-formed with Movat staining in order to observe the morphological changes of the tissues, and to measure the relative athero-sclerotic plaque area and the thickness of the adventitia.Some sections were stained with Sirius red to identify the collagen synthesis.Immunohistochemistry assay was prepared to observe the expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 in the adventitia at different time points.The expression of TGF-β1 at mRNA and protein levels in the thoracoabdominal aorta was measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot.RESULTS: Compared with model group, the formation of plaque in atorvastatin group signifi-cantly descended.Meanwhile the adventitial thickness and collagen synthesis also decreased.The results of immunohisto-
chemical staining showed that compared with 10 weeks-model group, α-SMA and TGF-β1 in 15 weeks-model group was in-creased.The expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 in atorvastatin group decreased significantly compared with model group. The expression of TGF-β1 at mRNA and protein levels in model group were higher than those in control group.They de-creased in atorvastatin group compared with model group.Compared with 10 weeks-model group, the mRNA and protein of TGF-β1 in 15 weeks-model group were increased.CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin modulates adventitial fibroblast phenotype differentiation by suppressing expression of TGF-β1 and intervenes atherosclerotic development in ApoE.

Objective: To analyze the attention and attitude towards the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents with Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in the three years of the Implementation Plan for the Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Myopia in Children and Adolescents, so as to provide a reference for the improvement of control and intervention of myopia by using TCM and western medicine. Methods: Data scrap was administered in Microblog regarding information on "prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents" and "TCM" by using Python scripts, sentiment analysis was used to analyze the attitude. Results: A total of 47 133 texts were included: the most(19 931) was found in Eastern China from January 1, 2018 to October 26, 2021, with an average of 204.5, 426.5, 1 990.3, and 1 340.6 per month prior as well as 1 , 2 , and 3 year after issuance. Positive/neutral/negative attitude accounted for 29.1%, 60.2%, and 10.7%, respectively. The proportion of positive/negative attitude decreased and increased slightly during the first to the third year after issuance. Conclusion Internet users attention to the prevention and control of children and adolescents myopia with TCM was affected by public health events, policies and regional distribution. Most of Internet users attitudes are neutral. It is suggested to further standardize network behavior and crack down on false publicity. And the appropriate technology of TCM based on external treatment has a high acceptance. To increase publicity regarding the integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine to prevent and control myopia in children and adolescents.

Objective:To evaluate the characteristics of carotid plaque and the immediate outcomes after carotid artery stenting (CAS) in diabetic and non-diabetic patients by optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods:Patients underwent CAS and OCT before and after operation in the Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital from January 2014 to March 2019 were enrolled retrospectively. The clinical features, the characteristics of carotid plaque on OCT and the immediate outcomes after CAS were compared between diabetic group and non-diabetic group. The risk factors of stent malapposition were analyzed.Results:A total of 46 patients were enrolled. Their age was 64.02±8.32 years and 41 were males (89.1%). There were 20 patients (43.5%) in the diabetes group and 26 (56.5%) in the non-diabetes group. The proportions of atherosclerotic plaque with thin fibrous cap (40.0% vs. 7.7%; χ2=5.166, P=0.023), plaque rupture (55.0% vs. 23.1%; χ2=4.945, P=0.026) and macrophage infiltration (60.0% vs. 30.8%; χ2=3.930, P=0.047) in the diabetic group were significantly higher than those in the non-diabetic group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that older age (odds ratio [ OR] 1.208, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.033-1.413; P=0.018), coronary heart disease ( OR 15.953, 95% CI 1.142-222.952; P=0.040), alcohol consumption ( OR 6.192, 95% CI 1.098-34.923; P=0.039) and lower systolic blood pressure ( OR 0.944, 95% CI 0.894-0.997; P=0.037) were independently associated with stent malaposition. Conclusion:Compared with the non-diabetic patients, carotid plaque in diabetic patients may be more unstable. Older age, coronary heart disease, alcohol consumption and lower systolic blood pressure were associated with stent malaposition after carotid stenting. OCT can reveal the characteristics of carotid plaque and the immediate outcomes after CAS, which can provide strong evidence for treatment decision.

Objective: To investigate the inactivating effect of soap solution on rabies virus and to explore the concentration of soap solutions which could be effective in post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) of rabies virus infection. Methods: The BSR and N2a cells were respectively infected by the mixture of different concentrations of soap solution and rabies virus CVS-11. Based on the direct immunofluorescent method (DFA) and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), the inactivating effects of soap solutions on rabies viruse in BSR and N2a cells were detected, respectively. Results: This experiment established the BSR or N2a cells model in 24 well cell culture plates, and we found that the upper limit of soap solution concentration which BSR or N2a cells could tolerate was 1%. The inhibitory effect test of different soap solution on rabies virus showed that the 0.5% concentration of soap solution could completely inhibit the survival of CVS-11 strain in both the BSR and N2a cells, but the 0.1% concentration of soap solution could not inhibit the rabies viruses completely. Conclusions The 0.5%-1% concentration of soap solutions could inhibit the survival of CVS-11 strain in three minutes in vivo experiment.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of bupivacaine pamoate for sciatic nerve block in rats.Methods:Forty-eight SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 300-400 g, were divided into 6 groups using a random number table method: bupivacaine pamoate vehicle group (group VE), bupivacaine HCl group (group BH), liposomal bupivacaine group (group BL), low-dose bupivacaine pamoate group (group HL), moderate-dose bupivacaine pamoate group (group HM) and high-dose bupivacaine pamoate group (group HH), with 8 animals in each group.In VE, BH, BL, HL, HM and HH groups, bupivacaine pamoate vehicle 0.4 ml, bupivacaine HCl solution 0.4 ml, liposomal bupivacaine suspension 0.4 ml, and 1, 3 and 10 mg/ml bupivacaine pamoate suspension 0.4 ml were injected around the left sciatic nerve, respectively.The thermal paw withdrawal latency were measured before administration (T 0) and at 0.5, 1.5, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, 24 and 48 h after injection (T 1-9). The percentage of maximum possible effect (MPE) of thermal paw withdrawal latency was calculated, and motor function score was simultaneously performed to evaluate the efficacy of sensory and motor block.Five and three rats in each group were sacrificed at 2 and 7 days after administration (T 9, 10), respectively, and the sciatic nerve at the injection site and the surrounding muscle tissues were harvested for microscopic examination (with a light microscope) after Luxol fast blue and HE staining.Nerve damage and inflammatory responses were assessed and scored to evaluate neurotoxicity. Results:Compared with group VE, the MPE was significantly increased at T 1-4 in group HL, at T 1-8 in group HM and at T 1-8 in group HH, the motor function scores were decreased at T 1-4 in group HL, at T 1-5 in group HM and at T 1-7 in group HH ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in inflammatory response scores for the sciatic nerve and surrounding muscles at each time point in HL, HM and HH groups ( P>0.05). Compared with group BH, the MPE was significantly increased at T 3-8, motor function scores were decreased at T 3-5, and inflammatory response scores for the muscles around the sciatic nerve were decreased at T 9 in group HM ( P<0.05). Compared with group BL, the MPE was significantly increased at T 3-7, motor function scores were decreased at T 4, 5, and inflammatory response scores for the sciatic nerve and surrounding muscles were decreased at T 9 in group HM ( P<0.05). The nerve damage score was 0 in the six groups. Conclusion:Bupivacaine pamoate can block the sciatic nerve of rats, the duration of block is prolonged with the increase in the concentration, and the duration of motor block is not longer than that of sensory block; compared with the same concentration and equal volume of bupivacaine HCl and liposomal bupivacaine, bupivacaine pamoate produces longer duration of sciatic nerve block and less neurotoxicity.

Objective To establish an animal model of postmortem redistribution of amantadine,and to study its postmortem redistribution in rats,so as to provide experimental evidence for forensic identification.Methods One hundred and twenty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups and subjected to intragastric administration according to the maximum dose of treatment(L),LD50(M)and 2LD50(H).Those who did not die were killed according to the average time of death of LD50.Heart-blood,peripheral blood,heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,brain,muscle and testis were collected at 0 h,6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h after death,and amantadine content was detected.Results For the rats in the L group,the concentration of amantadine decreased within 6 h after death and then increased in the heart-blood,heart and liver,unchanged within 48 h and reached the peak at 96 h in the spleen,kidney,brain,muscle and testis,while decreased in the lung.For the rats in the M group,the concentration of amantadine decreased within 24 h after death and then increased in all samples,and it reached the peak at 48 h after death in the peripheral blood,spleen,kidney and muscle tissues,at 72 h after death in the heart-blood and testis,and at 96 h after death in the liver,lung and brain tissues.For the rats in the H group,the concentration of amantadine showed a downward trend within 12 h after death in the heart and liver tissue,showed a downward trend within 48 h after death in the lung,brain and muscle tissue,and reached the peak at 96 h after death in the heart,liver,spleen,muscle and testicle tissues.Conclusion The postmortem redistribution was found in amantadine poisoning dead rats,which could provide experimental evidence for the forensic identification of death cases caused by amantadine poisoning.