Objective To explore the related factors that might had effect on orthodontic patients' esthetic evaluation of axial dental midline angulation from three aspects which are ideal value,detectable value and tolerable value.Methods Photographs of a smiling woman was digitally manipulated to produce models with left or right maxillary axial dental midline angulations in 2° increments.These digital photographs models were used to develop an electronic questionnaire in combination with corresponding guidance for each question.The electronic questionnaire was applied to investigate the esthetic evaluation of axial dental midline angulation from 222 orthodontic patients who complied with the inclusion criteria.Esthetic evaluation included three aspects,the ideal value,the detectable value and the tolerable value,which represented the degrees of maxillary axial dental midline angulations the patients considered to be ideal,detectable and tolerable,respectively.The patients' personal information and clinical orthodontic examination results were collected as well.Results The mean detectable value and tolerable value were 4.9° and 9.7°,the median of detectable value and tolerable value were 5°and 9.5°.Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the influence of seven factors on each evaluator's ideal value,detectable value and tolerable value.The seven factors were gender,marriage condition,education level,orthodontic treatment condition,malocclusion index,dental esthetic rating from others and from themselves.The statistical analysis indicated education level and orthodontic treatment condition were the influential factors of detectable values,while the tolerable values were influenced by the education level and gender.The ideal value converged to 0° and none of the factors had effect on it.Conclusions The education level,orthodontic treatment condition and gender are considered to be the influential factors of the esthetic evaluation of axial dental midline angulation.

Objective To explore the influential factors of esthetic evaluation of mandibular prominence by orthodontic patients from two dimensions (ideal value and tolerance range).Methods 226 orthodontic patients were investigated by an electronic questionnaire of esthetic evaluation of mandibular prominence.Binary logistic regression was adopted to analyze the influential factors.Results The tolerable boundary value for female mandibular retrognathism was affected by age (OR1.360) and orthodontic history (OR2.849).The tolerable boundary value for female mandibular prognathism and male mandibular retrognathism were found to be affected by orthodontic history (OR2.557 and 2.845,respectively).The tolerable boundary value for male mandibular prognathism was affected by age (OR1.347) and orthodontic history (OR2.310).The ideal value of male mandibular prominence was affected by age (OR1.420).Conclusions Orthodontic patients' esthetic evaluation of mandibular prominence is influenced by age and treatment condition,but not by sex,education level,marital status and personal profile.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the most acceptable lower anterior face height of male and female by orthodontic treatment seeking people.

METHODSTwo hundred and thirty-two Chinese orthodontic seeking people of Guanghua Hospital of Stomatology of Sun Yat-sen University were randomly selected in this survey. An electronic questionnaire was designed with a set of male and female young Chinese adult images with changes of the lower anterior face height (while the middle anterior face height remains the same). They were asked about the lowest, highest and optimal proportion (or so-called lower, higher and optimum limits respectively) between the lower anterior face height and the middle anterior face height (LAFH/MAFH) they could accept. All the findings of the proportion were analyzed by a statistic system.

RESULTSThe lower limits' median value in regard to the LAFH/MAFH of male model and female model images was 0.8, this limit value for the male model's was greater than the female model's (P = 0.039); the higher limits' median value was 1.1, this limit value for the male model's was less than the female model's (P < 0.001); the optimum limits' median value was 0.9, this limit value for the male model's was greater than the female model's (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONThe result of this study shows all lower, higher and optimal limits accepted by the orthodontic treatment seeking people in regard to the proportion between the lower and middle height of anterior faces. This result will facilitate the understanding of aesthetic judgments of orthodontic patients on profile lower anterior facial height for orthodontist in treatments.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cephalometry ; Esthetics, Dental ; Face ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Vertical Dimension

Objective To investigate the inpatients′satisfaction with the hospital environment,medical process,medical skills and service attitudes,in order to provide evidence for improving the hospital cultural construction and patients′satisfaction level.Methods According to the stratified sampling by the department,the study investigated 521 inpatients from a second-class hospital using questionnaire survey.Results Approximately 62.2% of the participants were satisfied with the “hardware”of the hospital culture and 66.8% were satisfied with the “software ” of the hospital culture.However,there were no statistical differences between these satisfactions (χ2 =0.046,P >0.05).Conclusions A considerable proportions of the participants are not satisfied with the current hospital culture.Thus,the hospitals should enhance their cultural construction and education,as well as improve the medical procedures and technical skills,in order to promote patients′rehabilitation and satisfaction level.

In the field of dental aesthetics,digital aesthetic design plays a crucial role in helping dentists to predict treatment outcomes vis-ually,as well as in enhancing the consistency of knowledge and understanding of aesthetic goals between dentists and patients.It serves as the foundation for achieving ideal aesthetic effects.However,there is no clear standard for this digital process currently in China and abroad.Many dentists lack of systematic understanding of how to carry out digital aesthetic design for treatment.To establish standardized processes for dental aesthetic design and to improve the homogeneity of treatment outcomes,Chinese Society of Digital Dental Industry(CSD-DI)convened domestic experts in related field to compile this consensus.This article elaborates on the key aspects of digital aesthetic data collection,integration steps,and the digital aesthetic design process.It also formulates a decision tree for dental aesthetics at macro level and outlines corresponding workflows for various clinical scenarios,serving as a reference for clinicians.

By removing a part of the structure, the tooth preparation provides restorative space, bonding surface, and finish line for various restorations on abutment. Preparation technique plays critical role in achieving the optimal result of tooth preparation. With successful application of microscope in endodontics for >30 years, there is a full expectation of microscopic dentistry. However, as relatively little progress has been made in the application of microscopic dentistry in prosthodontics, the following assumptions have been proposed: Is it suitable to choose the tooth preparation technique under the naked eye in the microscopic vision? Is there a more accurate preparation technology intended for the microscope? To obtain long-term stable therapeutic effects, is it much easier to achieve maximum tooth preservation and retinal protection and maintain periodontal tissue and oral function health under microscopic vision? Whether the microscopic prosthodontics is a gimmick or a breakthrough in obtaining an ideal tooth preparation should be resolved in microscopic tooth preparation. This article attempts to illustrate the concept, core elements, and indications of microscopic minimally invasive tooth preparation, physiological basis of dental pulp, periodontium and functions involved in tool preparation, position ergonomics and visual basis for dentists, comparison of tooth preparation by naked eyes and a microscope, and comparison of different designs of microscopic minimally invasive tooth preparation techniques. Furthermore, a clinical protocol for microscopic minimally invasive tooth preparation based on target restorative space guide plate has been put forward and new insights on the quantity and shape of microscopic minimally invasive tooth preparation has been provided.