Five hundred elderly patients with ischemic stroke admitted from January 2008 to December 2010 were enrolled in the study,including 352 recurrent cases and 148 primary cases.There was a positive correlation of stroke recurrence with age,blood pressure,blood glucose and lipid levels,smoking and alcohol consumption of patients(P ＜0.05 ); while the stroke recurrence was negatively correlated with physical exercise(P ＜ 0.05).Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that the blood pressure,blood glucose and lipid levels were risk factors for the recurrence of ischemic stroke in elderly patients.

One hundred and twenty stroke patients were randomly divided into rehabilitation group (n =60) and control group (n =60).Patients were assessed with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ,Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA),Bathel Index (BI) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument Brief Version(WHOQOL-BREF) before and 6 weeks after treatment by the same doctor.The scores of NIHSS,FMA,BI and WHOQOL-BREF were improved significantly in rehabilitation group after treatment; while those of control group were no improved.The scores after treatment of rehabilitation group were significantly higher than those of control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).

A total of 120 patients with initial stroke at a community health service center in Shanghai from January 2009 to March 2011 were divided randomly into intervention group (n =60) and control group (n =60).Individual comprehensive rehabilitation was carried out based on the evaluations in the intervention group.Routine therapy was given to the patients in the control group.General data evaluations were conducted at pre-intervention and 1 year post-intervention respectively.The levels of blood pressure,blood glucose and blood lipid(LDL-C) were all lower in the intervention group than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The rates of proper behavior were all higher in the intervention group than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).And the rates of recurrence and mortality were lower in the intervention group than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).

Objective To investigate the effect of vitamin D (VD) on gastric cancer and its underlying mechanisms by detecting serum VD levels in gastric cancer patients and the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in gastric tumor.Methods Serum VD levels was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,VRD expression of tumor tissue and normal mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry.At the same time,relationships of VDR expression and the prognosis of the patients were analyzed.Results The serum levels of VD of gastric cancer patients were lower than that of healthy people (P＜0.05),and they were negatively related to the degree of cell differentiation significantly (P＜0.001).VDR expression in gastric tumor tissue significantly decreased compared to that of the normal mucosa (P＜0.05).A significant correlation was found between the VDR expression and the differentiation grade of the carcinoma,with well differentiated carcinoma having the highest level of VDR expression (P＜0.05).For patients with gastric cancer,those with positive VDR expression had significant longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than the patients with negative VDR expression (P＜0.05).Conclusions VD may be a protecting factor of gastric cancer.VDR can be regarded as a marker of differentiation of gastric cancer and served as an effective prognostic factor in patients with postoperative gastric cancer.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of schizophrenic patients using long-acting antipsychotic medications, so as to provide the basis for applicable population of long-acting antipsychotic medications. Methods: Data of schizophrenic patients using long-acting antipsychotic medications in Shanghai City from June 2020 to June 2022 were collected through Shanghai Mental Health Information Management System, and demographic characteristics, illness and medication use of patients were descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 2 684 schizophrenic patients using long-acting antipsychotic medications were included in the study, had a mean age of (46.92±12.39) years, with 1 246 males (46.42%) and 1 438 females (53.58%). There were 1 397 unemployed cases, accounting for 52.05%; 1 429 cases with an educational level in junior high school or below, accounting for 53.24%; 1 301 unmarried cases, accounting for 48.47%; 832 cases in poverty, accounting for 31.00%. The caregivers of patients were mainly their parents, with 1 507 cases accounting for 56.15%. The courses of illness were mainly ≤10 years and >10-20 years, with 860 cases each, both accounting for 32.04%; 1 963 cases with incomplete self-awareness, accounting for 73.14%; 1 570 cases hospitalized at least once, accounting for 58.49%. There were 2 486 cases with continuous medication, accounting for 92.62%. The main method of taking medication was given by others, with 1 947 cases accounting for 72.54%. The medication adherence was mainly taking medication on time and in the right amount, with 2 437 cases accounting for 90.80%. Conclusion The main characteristics of schizophrenic patients using long-acting antipsychotic medications are young, unmarried, and unemployed adults, with incomplete self-awareness, continuous medication and medication given by others.

Objective To evaluate the effects of community-based rehabilitation therapy on activitv of daily living performance of the Chinese stroke patients. Methods In a single blinded,randomized,controlled multicenter trial,737 consecutive stroke patients were stratified by two groups of cerebral infarction and hemorrhage. All the patients were randomly divided into a rehabilitation group and a control group.The patients in the rehabilitation group received atandardized community-based rehabilitation therapy,while those in the control group did not.All the patients were followed up for 5 months for evaluation of their performance with activity of daily living by using Modified Barthel Index before intervention,after follow-up 2 and 5 months,respectively. Results Patients in the rehabilitation group performed better in ADL as reflected by the Modified Barthel Index score than those in the control group after 5 months of intervention(P＜0.05).Although both the rehabilitation group and control group improved over time,the rehabilitation group showed a greater improvement with the Modified Barthel Index scores when compared with the control group(P＜0.01).After 5 months follow-up,the total gain of Modified Barthel Index scores was 26.28 and 32.89 for those with cerebral infarction and hemorrhage,respectively,in the rehabilitation group. In comparison,the gain of Modified Barthel Index scores was 7.65 and 2 1.70 for those with cerebral infarction and those with hemorrhage,respectively in the control group.This implies a difference in improvement of 1 8.63 in cerebral infarction group and 1 1.19 in hemorrhage group,in favor of the rehabilitation group. Conclusion Standardized community-based rehabilitation therapy may help stroke patients to improve their performance in activity of daily living significantly.

A 36-year-old woman was admitted to the Peking Union Medical College Hospital with a history of fractures for 2 years, limb weakness for 1 year, and ostealgia for 2 months. The patient's examination identified iron deficiency anemia, significantly decreased serum calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels, and increased alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone levels. Imaging showed several typical signs of osteomalacia. Considering the history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, the diagnosis was considered to be osteomalacia caused by a postoperative nutritional absorption disorder. The patient was supplemented with calcitriol, calcium, and vitamin D and gradually returned to normal physical activity. The bone metabolism indicators and bone density were significantly improved.

High-frequency steady-state asymmetric visual evoked potential (SSaVEP) provides a new paradigm for designing comfortable and practical brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. However, due to the weak amplitude and strong noise of high-frequency signals, it is of great significance to study how to enhance their signal features. In this study, a 30 Hz high-frequency visual stimulus was used, and the peripheral visual field was equally divided into eight annular sectors. Eight kinds of annular sector pairs were selected based on the mapping relationship of visual space onto the primary visual cortex (V1), and three phases (in-phase[0º, 0º], anti-phase [0º, 180º], and anti-phase [180º, 0º]) were designed for each annular sector pair to explore response intensity and signal-to-noise ratio under phase modulation. A total of 8 healthy subjects were recruited in the experiment. The results showed that three annular sector pairs exhibited significant differences in SSaVEP features under phase modulation at 30 Hz high-frequency stimulation. And the spatial feature analysis showed that the two types of features of the annular sector pair in the lower visual field were significantly higher than those in the upper visual field. This study further used the filter bank and ensemble task-related component analysis to calculate the classification accuracy of annular sector pairs under three-phase modulations, and the average accuracy was up to 91.5%, which proved that the phase-modulated SSaVEP features could be used to encode high- frequency SSaVEP. In summary, the results of this study provide new ideas for enhancing the features of high-frequency SSaVEP signals and expanding the instruction set of the traditional steady state visual evoked potential paradigm.
Humans ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Healthy Volunteers ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio

Motor imagery (MI), motion intention of the specific body without actual movements, has attracted wide attention in fields as neuroscience. Classification algorithms for motor imagery electroencephalogram (MI-EEG) signals are able to distinguish different MI tasks based on the physiological information contained by the EEG signals, especially the features extracted from them. In recent years, there have been some new advances in classification algorithms for MI-EEG signals in terms of classifiers versus machine learning strategies. In terms of classifiers, traditional machine learning classifiers have been improved by some researchers, deep learning and Riemannian geometry classifiers have been widely applied as well. In terms of machine learning strategies, ensemble learning, adaptive learning, and transfer learning strategies have been utilized to improve classification accuracies or reach other targets. This paper reviewed the progress of classification algorithms for MI-EEG signals, summarized and evaluated the existing classifiers and machine learning strategies, to provide new ideas for developing classification algorithms with higher performance.
Algorithms ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Electroencephalography ; Imagery, Psychotherapy ; Imagination ; Machine Learning

ObjectiveTo explore the relapse status based on the positive and negative syndrome scale （PANSS Scale） and related factors of schizophrenics in Shanghai communities， and to analyze the association between socio demographic characteristics， lifestyles， clinical characteristics and relapse. MethodsA dynamic cohort prospective study design was used in this study. From March 2018 to February 2019， a total of 189 schizophrenics in Xuhui， Hongkou， Changning， Jiading， Songjiang and Baoshan districts were enrolled successively. Baseline questionnaires were conducted through face-to-face interviews at baseline， which contained social demographic information， lifestyle information and clinical information. A follow-up was conducted every 2 weeks for a measurement of PANSS Scale for a total of 6 months. Relapse was assessed by a PANSS score increase of ≥25% from baseline （or an increase of 10 points or more if the baseline score was ≤40 points）. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to analyze the associations between relapse status （assessed by PANSS Scale） and socio demographic characteristics， lifestyles， and clinical characteristics， respectively. ResultsA total of 165 community schizophrenics completed baseline and follow-up surveys， with a loss to follow-up rate of about 12.7%. After exclusion of sociodemographic and clinical information deficits， 132 patients were included in the analysis totally， with an average age of 48.18±12.67 years， among whom 41.67% were male. Totally 33 patients relapsed during the 6-month follow-up period， with a relapse rate of 25.0%. After adjusting for gender， family history， age， employment， education， marital status， smoking， drinking， exercise frequency， medication compliance， insight， social function， violence history， stress recent events， adverse drug reactions and baseline scores of PANSS Scale， risk factors of relapse included the following four factors： age below 40 years （HR=4.47， 95%CI： 1.15-17.40）， primary school or below （HR=7.11， 95%CI： 1.54-32.83）， unemployed （HR=8.34， 95%CI： 1.78-38.98）， and adverse drug reactions （HR=5.02， 95%CI： 1.75-14.37）. ConclusionWe should pay attention to the risk factors such as age， education， employment and adverse drug reactions， in order to identify high-risk patients and to conduct timely interventions during the relapse management of schizophrenics in Shanghai community.