Objective To study the clinical characteristics of spinal hydatid disease and help to diagnozy and treat the disease. Methods 14 cases with spinal hydatid disease, admitted in our hospital between July 1994 and October 2003, were studied retrospectively. Besides routine examinations, plain X-ray films were performed in all 14 cases, CT in 8 cases and MRI in 13 cases, respectively. 8 cases sufferred serodiagnostic tests for human hydatidosis. All cases underwent operation and the histopathological examination. There were 5 males and 9 females with an average age of 25.8 years(range, 5-53 years) in this series. All 14 cases had the living history in endemic area and the average duration of symptom was 26.7 months(range, 4-120 months). The lesions most frequently involved the thoracic segments, accounting for 35.8%, and then 21.4% in the lumbar, and 28.6% in the lumbosacral segments, cervical segments were the least commonly involved. According to Dew'classification, spinal hydatid cysts located primarily at intradural extramedullary area in 1 case, extradural intraspinal in 2 cases, vertebral in 7 cases, paravertebral in 1 case and combination of various extradural tissues involved in other 3 cases. Results The clinical manifestations were localized back pain or radiating pain, mass and gradually progressive neurological dysfunction. Eight of 14 cases displayed abnormality in X-ray films which showed local, well-defined and irregular erosions with or without surrounding sclerosis or calcifications. CT scans presented multiloculated low density lesions. The MRI characteristics of the lesions were multiloculated cysts, signal intensities of the cyst content were similar to that of CSF. On T1W images the cyst wall appeared iso- or slightly more hypo-intense than the cyst content, T2W images demonstrated a low intensity rim and the hyper-intense cyst content resembling a bunch of grapes. Seven of 8 cases performed the 3-tests serodiagnosis were positive, and 3 cases with positive 3-tests serodiagnosis accepted 8-tests were positive. All the specimens were shown to be Echinococcus Granulosus. Conclusion MRI was the most sensitive diagnostic method and the best method to determinate the site and extent of the cystic lesions. CT and serological examination are useful for diagnosis. The key of avoiding misdiagnosis is to enhance understanding of the disease.

Objective To discuss the clinical efficacy and surgical indications of one?stage transforaminal debridement, interbody fusion combined with posterior instrumentation for thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis. Methods All of 34 patients with thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis were retrospectively analyzed,treated by one?stage transforaminal debridement, interbody fusion and posterior instrumentation from June 2010 to April 2013, including 21 males and 13 females, aged 21 to 64 years old, av?erage 38.2 years. All patients were treated by preoperative quadruple antituberculosis drugs therapy for 2-4 weeks, postoperative regular chemotherapy for 12-18 months. Preoperative and postoperative changes in clinical symptoms, nervous function, the situa?tion of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C?reactive protein (CRP) with strict follow?up, as well as other related compli?cations were observed. The spinal fusion rate and fusion situation, changing of the physiological curvature, as well as loosening or breaking of the internal fixation device were detected through regular imaging examination. Results The surgery duration time was 60-150 min, average 110 min, and the blood loss was 80-550 ml, average 320 ml. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in one case. All of the operations were completed successfully without nerve or spinal cord injuries. Postoperative follow?up time was 1 to 4 years, average 2.5 years. Clinical symptoms improved significantly in three months after operation. The visual analogue scale (VAS) improvement rate was about 93%. All patients' ESR and CRP returned to normal levels at the last follow?up. The Kirkaldy?Willis function score showed that the total fine rate was 94%. 12 cases of patients had various degrees of neurological dysfunction before operation, which were back to normal at the final follow?up, except one case of ASIA class B turned to C. Inci?sion fistula formation happened in one case at the third months after surgery, and the wound was healed after debridement. All pa?tients got solid fusion between vertebral body, and there was no graft absorption or collapse, pseudarthrosis, tuberculosis recur?rence, and loosening or breaking of internal fixation devices. Cunclusion One?stage transforaminal debridement, interbody fu?sion and posterior instrumentation is a simple, effective and safety surgical approach, which has great application value for surgi?cal treatment of patients with thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis.

Two isolates of Plasmodium jalcipanm from Hainan Province were cloned by limiting dilution method and eight clones were established. Some characteristics including drug sensitivity and antigenicity of these clones were observed. The results showed that the established clones were different from each other in chloroquine sensitivity and antigenicity. The ID50 of chloroquin3e against 6 clones from isolate Fcc-7801 varied between 60.60 and 13.08 nmol/L The ID50 of chloroquine against 2 clones from isolate Fcc-1 were 93.63 and 49.64 nmol/L, respectively. According to the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) Teactivity of these clones with a panal of murine anti-gpl95 McAbs, 8 clones could be divided into 5-serotypes, 3 of which were consistent with the Ⅴ , Ⅵ, Ⅶ serotypes devided by J. S. McBride (1985).

Objective Accelerated junctional rhythm (AJR) always occur during slow pathway catheter ablation for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), the clinical significance of it has not been gotten in agreement. The aim of this study is to search for an association between AJR and ablation target site or tachycardia recurrence.Methods The data of 247 patients with AVNRT who received radiofrequency ablation procedure during April 1995 to October 1999 was analyzed. All these people were divided into two groups (212 patients in the successful ablation group or group 1, 35 patients in the recurrence group or group 2). The AJR was divided into two distinct pattern:type Ⅰ(continuous AJR that persisted until the end of energy delivery) and type Ⅱ (intermit AJR alternated with sinus rhythm during slow pathway ablation, which was eliminated immediately when stopping energy delivery ). Results\ The results showed that patients in group 1 exhibited better AJR response, most of them were seen with type Ⅱ AJR. However most of the people in group 2 had no AJR response throughout energy delivery , few of them had type Ⅰ AJR response. The AJR response of group 1 started relatively earlier than that of group 2(3 2?1 8 vs 5 7?2 5 ,P

BACKGROUND:Spinal tuberculosis seldom involves cervical vertebra. The application of anti-tuberculosis drug has slight effects on patients combined with nerve dysfunction and severe vertebral destruction, which results in unstable cervical vertebra. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate biocompatibility of graft and host after one-stage anterior debridement graft fusion and internal fixation in the repair of adult cervical tuberculosis. METHODS: A total of 14 patients who suffered from cervical tuberculosis were admitted into Department of Spinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University between May 2010 and June 2012. They underwent Zephir anterior cervical plate for one-stage anterior debridement graft fusion and internal fixation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with pre-fixation, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and visual analog scale score were lower in final folow-up (P < 0.05), and Japanese Orthopaedic Association score increased (P < 0.05). Except that Frankel grade recovered to grade D from grade C in one case, Frankel grade did not alter in the remaining patients. Compared with pre-fixation, Cobb angle was apparently shortened in seven patients with kyphosis. Folowing internal fixation, bone trabecula was visible between the vertebral body and graft region after fixation. No displacement, bone resorption, nonunion or pseudoarthrosis occurred. Neck pain and limited function relieved or disappeared to different degrees after fixation. These findings suggest this method can effectively treat cervical tuberculosis. Moreover, the biocompatibility of the plate and host is good.

BACKGROUND:Telomerase reverse transcriptase plays an important role in telomerase activation, and lentiviral vectors carrying human telomerase reverse transcriptase that can inhibit astrocyte expression are rarely reported to have effects on spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE:To transfect rat astrocytes with telomerase reverse transcriptase gene lentiviral vectors and to observe the effect of telomerase reverse transcriptase gene lentiviral vectors on apoptosis of astrocytes. METHODS: Astrocytes from rats were subject to primary culture and subculture, and then transfected with siRNA lentiviral vector carrying telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (siRNA transfection group), simple lentiviral vector (lentiviral vector group) and nothing (blank group), respectively. Then, the transfection efficiency and apoptosis in different time periods after transfection were determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The transfection efficiency was up to 85%-90% after siRNA lentiviral vector and simple lentiviral vector transfection. The apoptosis rate of astrocytes in the siRNA transfection group was 50%-60% at 24-48 hours after transfection, but there was no significant change in the other two groups. These findings suggest that siRNA lentiviral vectors carrying telomerase reverse transcriptase gene can accelerate astrocytes apoptosis.

28 days after injury (P < 0.05). In the fracture+spinal cord injury group, the level of serum transforming growth factor beta 1 had a rapid increase on the 7th day, and reached the peak on the 14th day, and then, this level had no significant decrease until the 28th day. In the simple fracture group, the level of serum transforming growth factor beta 1 began to increase on the 2nd day, reached the peak on the 7th day, and then decreased gradualy. Remarkable changes of serum transforming growth factor beta 1 levels in patients with bone fracture combined with spinal cord injury may be associated with fracture healing in different periods.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of one stage surgery of release and bone reduction by posterior approach to treat basilar invagination (BI) with irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation (IAAD),and to explore the indications and crucial techniques of posterior approach.Methods All of 17 Consecutive patients (8 males and 9 females) with BI and IAAD who underwent release and reduction by posterior approach from July 2000 to June 2015 were enrolled in the present study,the mean age was 35.2±13.8 years with a range of 12-56 years.The clinical symptoms and signs was recorded,and preoperative imaging examination,including anteroposterior,lateral,dynamic films,MRI and CT of cervical spine,were performed to identify the series.There were 14 cases with atlanto-occipital fusion,7 cases with C2,3 fusion,6 cases with Chiari malformation,6 cases with Syringomyelia,and 8 cases with myelomalacia.The clinic symptoms include occiput/neck pain in 15 cases,cervical movement limitation in 13 cases,short neck in 9 cases,torticollis in 12 cases,Paresthesia in 14 cases,weakness in 13 cases,tendon reflexes hyperfunction in 16 cases and ataxia in 13 cases.The postoperative X-rays,MRI or CT were used to observed the results of decompression,fixation and fusion.Neurological function was assessed by JOA scale and Ranawat's score before,after surgery and at final follow-up.Pre-and post-operative Chamberlain (CL),Wackenheim (WL),McGae (ML),atlantodental interval (ADI) and cervico-medullary angle (CMA) were analyzed by student t-test.Results The average operation time was 145 mins (90-210 mins) and blood loss was 175 ml (150-350 ml).The average follow-up was 44.47 months (9-94 months).JOA score was increased from 8.06 preoperatively to 15.20 postoperatively,the improvement rate was 77.2％.Preoperative Ranawat's score was Ⅱ in 1 case,Ⅲla in 12 cases,ⅢB in4 cases.Postoperative score was Ⅰ in 13 cases,Ⅱ in 4 cases.The preoperative CL,WL,ML,ADI and CMA were (12.52±5.17) mm,(6.59±3.04) mm,(6.96±4.32) mm,(9.88± 1.93) mm,115.35°± 12.40°,respectively.and the postoperative CL,WL,ML,ADI and CMA were (2.0±3.67) mm,(-3.06±1.85) mm,(-1.76±2.88) mm,(1.17± 1.18) mm,136.76°±11.44°,respectively.The perioperative complications were discovered in 2 cases,including 1 case of infection and1 case of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) leakage.Conclusion Primary surgery of nerve release and bone reduction by posterior approach may be safe and efficient for the treatment of BI and IAAD.Preoperative evaluation,proper surgical indications and advanced surgical techniques are important for treatment results.

AIM: AIM: To explore the relationship between apoptosis in the lung tissues and lung ischemia/reperfusion injury, and observe effects of panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on apoptosis in lung ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: Single lung in situ ischemia/reperfusion animal model was used. Eighty four Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into control group (control), ischemia/reperfusion 1 h group (IR1h), IR3h, IR5h, Panax Notoginseng Saponins 1 h group (PNS1h), PNS3h and PNS5h. TUNEL, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques were used to observe apoptosis and Fas/FasL expression in various phases of lung ischemia/reperfusion. RESULTS: Cell apoptosis in lung tissues were significantly high, Fas/FasL mRNA and its protein were up-regulated in lung tissues of lung ischemia/reperfusion injury compared with control (all of P

BACKGROUND:Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) plays an important role in telomerase activation.
OBJECTIVE:To construct the targeting short hairpin RNA plasmid vector expressing TERT gene from astrocytes by using pLentilox3.7.U6.
METHODS:By using two sequences from TERT gene, we synthetized sense and antisense strand template sequences of RNA interference molecular in vitro, and then obtained the complementary strands through annealing procedure. We connected the strands with pLentilox3.7.U6 that was sequenced and transfected into the Escherichia coli. In the end, we tested its effect of reducing the TERT gene expressing by using cultured astrocytes from rat spinal cord in vitro through western blot and immunofluorescence technique.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Western blot and immunofluorescence assay showed that, compared with the control group, the interference groups had a lower TERT expression in astrocytes. The targeting short hairpin RNA plasmid vector expressing TERT gene is useful to reduce the TERT gene expression. The targeting short hairpin RNA plasmid vector expressing TERT gene is valid for us to do the further test learning the mechanism of astrocytes in spinal cord injury.