OBJECTIVE: To analyze the expression of procollagen gene in fracture callus, and to search for the technique of in situ hybridization for undecalcified skeletal tissue. METHODS: In situ hybridization of procollagen gene expression was performed on the undecalcified cryosections of rat fracture callus at 7, 14, and 28 d. RESULTS: The hybridization signals achieved were clear and easy to be localized with high specificity. On the 7th day, the expressions of pro alpha1 (III) in fibroblasts and some chondrocyte-like cells were dominant; and at the end of second week high expression of type-II procollagen mRNA was observed in chondrocytes. At the end of fourth week, the cartilaginous callus was almost all replaced by woven bone tissue, and some type-I procollagen mRNA positive osteoblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes were found scattering in the woven bone and remnants of cartilaginous callus. CONCLUSIONS: The modified method employed in this study is easier, quicker, and more sensitive with high specificity than the conventional tec hnique for in situ hybridization of procollagen gene expression of decalcified rat fracture callus. The phenomenon of shared phenotype expression, which was demonstrated among cells engaged in fracture healing, indicates an important approach to reveal the mechanism of the origin, differentiation, and orientation of cells.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of HIV/syphilis joint self-testing in promoting syphilis testing among men who have sex with men (MSM).Methods:In July 2019, the research participants were recruited through the Danlan website (https://www.danlan.org). Participants who met the selection criteria, and were randomly assigned into one of the three study groups (1∶1∶1) including HIV/syphilis joint self-testing group and lottery incentive self-testing group and control group. Self-test reagents were mailed to HIV/syphilis joint self-testing group and lottery incentive self-testing group, and the subjects in control group were encouraged to go to offline locations for testing. One month later, follow-up was conducted to evaluate the differences in the testing rates of syphilis among the three groups.Results:A total of 145 subjects were included in this study, including 48 in control group, 49 in HIV/syphilis joint self-testing group and 48 in lottery incentive self-testing group. During the follow-up period, the self-testing rate of syphilis was 74.4% (32/43) in HIV/syphilis joint self-testing group, 70.0% (28/40) in lottery incentive self-testing group and 36.4% (16/44) in control group. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that the proportions of syphilis testing in HIV/syphilis joint self-testing group and lottery incentive self-testing group were 5.38 (95% CI: 2.06-14.04) times and 4.54 (95% CI: 1.75-11.74) times higher than that in control group during the follow-up period. Conclusions:HIV/syphilis joint self-testing and lottery-incentives-prompted self-testing significantly increased the testing rate of syphilis in MSM, respectively. HIV/syphilis joint self-testing is feasible for promotion.

Objective To analyze the related factors of postoperative complications in elderly patients with colorectal cancer (≥80 years old) and to explore its prevention and treatment strategies. Methods A total of 86 patients with advanced colorectal cancer in Shanxi Dayi Hospital from January 2012 to January 2018 were selected, which were divided into the laparosopic group (35 cases) and the open group (51 cases) according to the operation methods. The clinical data, surgical methods, postoperative complications and related factors of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results The amount of bleeding, postoperative anal exhaust time and hospitalization time in the laparoscopic group were less than those in the open group, and the differences were statistically significant (t= 2.107, 3.631, 7.563, all P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in operative time between the laparoscopic group and the open group (t= 2.306, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of postoperative complications for the patients whether cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and lung diseases were involved between the two groups (all P>0.05). The number of poor wound healing in the body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m2 group (8 cases, 25.0 ％) was more than that in the BMI < 28 kg/m2 group (3 cases, 5.6 ％), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2= 5.179, P= 0.023). There was no statistical difference in the number of other complications between BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2 group and BMI < 28 kg/m2 group (all P> 0.05). The number of postoperative anastomotic fistula, pulmonary infection and poor wound healing in the laparoscopic group were all lower than those in the open group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P< 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents between the laparoscopic group and the open group (P= 0.543). Conclusions The elderly patients with colorectal cancer should attach great importance to perioperative diagnosis and treatment, so that preoperativecomplications can be effectively treated and controlled. Besides, it is necessary to give preference to laparoscopic surgery in the prevention of postoperative complications for elderly patients with colorectal cancer.

Objective: To examine the prevalence and associated factors of seeking casual male sexual partners among men who have sex with men (MSM) students in Guangzhou, and to provide a reference for health education and intervention. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to recruit 189 MSM students aged 18 and 28 via voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinics, Lingnan partners and Zhitong charity from May 2017 to April 2018. An anonymous electronic questionnaire was administrated to collect information on sociodemographic and sexual behavior characteristics. Chi-square test and non-conditional Logistic regression analysis were performed to explore the associated factors of casual homosexual behavior among MSM students. Results: In the past 6 months, 63.49% (120/189) of them reported casual male partners, and the rate of consistent condom use was 61.67%(74/120). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that participants who had multiple sex partners in the past 6 months were more likely to seek male casual partners(aOR=9.13, 95%CI=4.27-19.53). Individuals who used recreational drugs before sex were at a higher risk of having casual sex behaviors(aOR=3.06, 95%CI=1.08-8.62). MSM students who had steady homosexual partners had a lower risk to seek casual sex(aOR=0.43, 95%CI=0.19-0.98). Conclusion The proportion of seeking casual male sexual partners among MSM students in Guangzhou was relatively high. The publicity and education should be strengthened among those who had multiple sex partners, with no steady homosexual partners and used recreational drugs before sex, to reduce the casual sex behaviors.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors on AIDS-related deaths among HIV/AIDS patients in Guangzhou,Guangdong province.Methods A retrospective cohort was formed,based on available data of HIV/AIDS patients between 1991 and 2013 in Guangzhou,that were gathered from the Chinese AIDS Prevention and Control Information System.Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the influencing factors for AIDS-related deaths.Results Data showed that factors as:existence of full-bloom AIDS when HIV infection was diagnosed (HR =2.717,95％ CI:2.039-3.621),diagnose of AIDS was made in the hospitals (HR=1.516,95％ CI:1.159-1.981),never received no CD4 count testing (HR=4.866,95％CI:3.674-6.444),no drugs were provided to those who met the criteria for treatment (HR=12.213,95％CI:8.467-17.616),and patients at aged ≥40 years when HIV infection was diagnosed etc.,were related to the risk for AIDS deaths.The risk of AIDS-related death was also high in those who did not meet the treatment criteria or receiving no treatment,when compared to those who had received the antiviral treatment (HR=1.936,95％ CI:1.145-3.272).Conclusion Factors as:earlier diagnosis of HIV/AIDS cases,provision of CD4 count testing and antiviral treatment to more cases etc,could decrease the risk for AIDS-related deaths and improve the survival rate on HIV/AIDS cases.

Objective: To understand prevalence and determinants of prior HIV testing among male students who have sex with men (MSM) in Guangzhou,and to provide a reference for improving their HIV set. Methods: Students who were MSM were recruited in Guangzhou from May 2017 to April 2018. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behavior, AIDS prevention service access and HIV testing history were collected. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression was conducted to explore determinants with HIV testing. Results: The median age of 223 students who were MSM was 22 years old (interquartile: 20-23). About 65.47% (146/223) of them had a history of HIV testing. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression showed individuals who sought sexual partners online (OR=3.24, 95%CI=1.32-7.98), had anal sex in the last 6 months (OR=2.73, 95%CI=1.26-5.93), and had received AIDS prevention services(OR=2.87, 95%CI=1.51-5.34) were more likely to have a history of HIV testing. Conclusion Prior HIV testing among student MSM in Guangzhou was relatively low. Intervention should be tailored targeting student MSM who seek sexual partners offline, have only oral sex in the past 6 months, and receive no AIDS prevention services in the past year to expand the coverage of HIV testing.

Objective: To investigate the experience of child sexual abuse (CSA) and depressive symptoms among young men who sex with men (YMSM) in Guangzhou, and then to explore the impact of CSA on depressive symptoms. Methods: A convenient sampling method was used to recruit MSM. YMSM who aged 18-24 and have lived in Guangzhou for more than 3 months were included in this study. Data on demographic characteristics, homosexual partners seeking behaviors, sexual orientation, CSA experience and depression were collected through an electronic questionnaire. χ 2 tests were used to compare the proportion of CSA and depressive symptoms among YMSM with different characteristics. Logistic regressions were preformed to assess the impact of CSA on depression. Results: The proportion of CSA experience and depressive symptoms among participants were 31.51% (115/365) and 47.95% (175/365), respectively. Participants with junior high school education or lower and who sought homosexual partners offline reported(75.00%,62.22%) a higher proportion of depressive symptoms( χ 2=7.97，4.19， P <0.05). After adjusting for factors e.g. ethnicity, residence, resident duration in Guangzhou, studentship, education, monthly income, sexual orientation and homosexual partners seeking behaviors, the multivariable Logistic regression model showed that YMSM with CSA experience (a OR=1.81, 95%CI =1.12-2.93) were more likely to have depressive symptoms than those without CSA experience. Conclusion The prevalence of CSA experience and depressive symptom is relatively high among YMSM in Guangzhou, and CSA experience is associated with higher risk of depressive symptoms. More attention should be paid to strengthen the psychological intervention for YMSM, especially for those who experienced CSA, so as to reduce the risk of depression and improve mental health among YMSM.

Objective To observe Tau protein phosphorylation in rats with three typical patterns of senile dementia, analyzing and summarizing the specificity of phosphorylation.Methods We ligated and dissected the left and right carotid arteries at one week's interval with intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose to establish senile dementia model in rats.Those rats then received the intervention of excessive sexual and physical exertion, high-fat feeding milk and low temperature environment respectively to establish the rat models of senile dementia with three different patterns (group K: kidney deficiency and essence loss pattern;group P: retention of phlegm and turbid substance in orifices pattern;group C: congealing cold and blood stasis pattern).Blood lipid, blood rheology and serum testosterone were measured to identify whether those model was built successfully.Different positions of Tau phosphorylation sites were measured with Western blot method.Results In the Tau protein proline-rich region, compared with the diseased groups, phosphorylation level increased significantly at the sites of 205 and 231 in group P.This increase was also present at sites of 181, 205, and 231 in group K and 205, 231 and 262 in group C.At the C-terminal region, compared with the diseased group, phosphorylation level of P group and K group were significantly increased at the sites of 404, and the increase of group C was the highest among those groups.Conclusion There is specificity at the Tau protein phosphorylation sites in each typical senile dementia pattern.This study may reveal the scientific rationale for the presence of different patterns in the same disease.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of glucosamine hydrochloride for the treatment of osteoarthritis.

METHODSA multi-central, randomized, controlled clinical trial of glucosamine hydrochloride comparing glucosamine sulfate for the treatment of osteoarthritis was performed. One hundred and forty-three patients suffering from knee or hip osteoarthritis were randomized into study (glucosamine hydrochloride) or control (glucosamine sulfate) group. Patients in study group orally took glucosamine hydrochloride 2 times daily for 6 weeks, each time 1 capsule, and those in control group took glucosamine sulfate 3 times daily for 6 weeks also, each time 2 capsules.

RESULTSThe symptomatic improvement of joint pain at walking, at rest and stiffness after 6 week treatment with glucosamine hydrochloride was better than those with glucosamine sulfate. The results had significant difference (P < 0.05). Total effective rates of patients with glucosamine hydrochloride was 75.4% and 60.6% with glucosamine sulfate, but no statistical difference. The results suggested both glucosamine had the considerable efficacy in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Three cases in study group and 2 in control group reported mild adverse events. No severe adverse events (SAE) was observed.

CONCLUSIONGlucosamine hydrochloride is as effective and safe as glucosamine sulfate for the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Glucosamine ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Osteoarthritis, Hip ; drug therapy ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To introduce a new method for assessing coronal balance in surgical treatment of scoliosis, and to explore its effectiveness in preventing postoperative coronal imbalance. Methods: The data of forty-six consecutive patients, who underwent posterior surgery for spine deformity correction from January 2016 to December 2016, were retrospectively analyzed. The series included 19 males and 27 females with an average age of 28.24±21.16 years (7-76 years), and with lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) located at the level of L3 or below. Point-line method was used to evaluate coronal balance by determining whether the center of upper instrumented vertebra was located at the measuring rod passing through the centers of symphysis pubis and LIV among all patients during surgery. Preoperative, postoperative 1 week and 3 months Cobb angle, coronal balance distance (CBD), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Scoliosis Research Society Questionnaires-22 (SRS-22) were measured and recorded, and statistical analysis was conducted. And then, subgroup analysis was performed according to preoperative coronal imbalance classification to further evaluate the effectiveness of the new method. Results: Among 46 patients in this study, the prevalence of preoperative coronal imbalance was 47.82% (22/46). Of them, ten patients were type B coronal imbalance and eleven patients were type C coronal imbalance. The prevalence of coronal imbalance at one week after operation was 17.39% (8/46), and the prevalence of coronal imbalance at final follow-up was 10.87% (5/46). The results showed that the mean main Cobb angle was 57.24°±26.51° and 14.71°±10.17° at pre-operation and immediate post-operation, respectively. The difference was statistically significant compared to preoperative value (t=13.211, P=0.000), and the average improvement rate was 73.53%±1.88%. Preoperative coronal balance distance CBD ranged from 2.76 mm to 66.73 mm, with an average of 22.54±13.97 mm; the mean CBD was 16.00±14.85 mm at immediate post-operation. The difference was statistically significant (t=3.665, P=0.001), with an average correction rate of 25.58%±52.39%. Our clinical outcome analysis showed that among 46 patients, the preoperative VAS was 8.11±0.89, and the final follow-up VAS was 4.15±0.79. There was a significant difference between pre-operation and the last follow-up (t=21.529, P=0.000). The preoperative ODI score was 49.76±5.84, and the final follow-up ODI score was 25.74±3.92. The difference was statistically significant (t=44.434, P=0.000). The preoperative SRS-22 was 10.57±2.13, and the final follow-up SRS-22 was 21.89±2.35. Compared to pre-operation, the difference was statistically significant (t=24.023, P=0.000). The subgroup analysis showed that in patients with type B coronal imbalance, the mean Cobb angle correction rate was 70.34%±6.02% at immediate post-operation, and there was a significant difference compared to pre-operation (t=5.437, P=0.000); the average CBD correction rate was 37.45%±29.03%, and significant difference was found (t=2.607, P=0.028). In type C patients, the average Cobb angle and CBD correction rate at immediate post-operation was 72.92%±3.67% and 44.79%±5.63%, respectively, and significant difference was found (t=7.319, P=0.000; t=7.545, P=0.000). Conclusion Point-line method was a simple and effective technique for intraoperative assessment of coronal balance, which could assist surgeons to objectively evaluate the result of restoration of the coronal alignment. The use of point-line method is contributed to improve clinical outcomes of spinal deformity correction surgery, and to prevent the occurrence of postoperative coronal imbalance.