Magnetic chitosan microspheres(M-CS) were prepared and used for yeast alcohol dehydrogenase(YADH) immobilization.The optimum technology and the properties of immobilized YADH were studied.The optimal immobilization conditions for YADH were:20ml of 0.25mg/ml of YADH in phosphate buffer(0.05mol/L,pH 7.0) reacted with 50mg of magnetic M-CS at 4℃ for 2h.The microspheres were characterized by transmission electron microscopy,the results showed that M-CS were regular sphere with an average size of 30nm and had magnetic response characteristic.The M-CS suspended in H2O solution was easily precipitated and separated by magnetic field.Mechanical strength and crosslinking degree of M-CS were influenced by the ratio of carrier and immobilized YADH,ion concentration in phosphate buffer and pH of the solution.The immobilization was slightly influenced by the reaction temperature.The immobilization would improve its thermal,basic resistant and acid resistant stability.After the immobilized enzyme was kept between 35℃ to 75℃ for one hour,it still had 70 % of initial enzyme activity,when it was kept pH between 5.0 to 7.4 for one hour,it still had 80% of initial enzyme activity.The optimal reaction temperature of the immobilized enzyme was 40℃ compared to 30℃ of the free YADH,the optimal reaction pH of the immobilized enzyme was 6.8 as same as one of the free enzyme.Storaged at the temperature of 4℃ for 30 days without any protection by reagent,the free enzyme only kept 26% of the original activity but the immobilized enzyme still retained 60% of the activity.The immobilized enzyme maintained 70% of the activity after circular use 5 times.The Km value of immobilized YADH for Pyruvate was 2.58 mmol/L compared to 3.31 mmol/L of the free YADH,it would reduce its appetency for the substrate.

Objective To compare endovenous laser therapy (EVLT) with endovenous microwave coagulation (EMC) in the treatment of varicose vein in the lower extremities. Methods Sixty-five (male 30, female 35) patients with 70 lower extremities (35 legs in each treatment group) were pair matched according to age, gender and CEAP classification to receive endovenous laser therapy (EVLT) or endovenous microwave coagulation (EMC). The same surgeon performed all procedures. Patients were monitored on 72 hours, 4 weeks and 6 months after the procedure (by procedural site scored for bruising, skin burn, painful induration or trabes as well as a pain score), the cured extremities were examined via Duplex uhrasonography to evaluate the effects of the procedure. Results All these 65 patients (mean age, 47.52 years) completed treatment and were followed-up. The mean operation time of EMC group was less than that of EVLT (71±25 vs. 59±15, P=0.01). At 72 hour after the procedure, bruising scores and skin buring were significantly different (P<0.05): patients in the EMC group showed less bruising (17.14% vs. 54.29%) but more burn (48.57% vs. 20%) on the procedure site than the patients in the EVLT group. At 4 weeks and 6 months after the procedure, no significant differences were found between patient outcomes, physical conditions, and symptoms and or possible adverse events. In 20/28 patients the pigmentation faded away, Edema were relieved in all the 25 extremities. 4 patients with ankle ulcer were healed. No major complications were found. Conclusions Both EMC and EVLT were effective in treating lower extremities varicose veins, with no major complications.

Objective To analyze the features of clinical diagnosis and treatment of duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST).Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data of 5 cases of duodenal GIST treated in our hospital between April 2002 and May 2009.Results The duodenal GIST was mainly located in the 2nd(3/5)and 3rd portion of duodenum(2/5).Clinical diagnosis of the disease mainly depended on barium meal examination, gastrointestinal endoscopy, and CT scanning.Two patients were treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy, 1 with segmental duodenectomy and 2 with local resection.After operation, 2 patients had recurrence and 1 of them underwent adjuvant therapy with Gleevec.Conclusion Surgical resection is the only effective therapeutic method for duodenal GIST.Various surgical procedures are mainly determined by the location and size of the tumors.For patients with a high degree of pathologic grade, adjuvant therapy with Gleevec is necessary.

Amid continuous development of new military revolutions,the cultivation of high-quality professionals practical ability is becoming increasingly important.By learning from the successful experience and practices from foreign systems for training practical skills of graduate students majoring in military pharmacy,the education mode and methods for training military pharmacy postgraduates were discussed in this paper in order to optimize the training mode of practical skills for students of military pharmacy,explore a suitable training mode in China,improve teaching methods and formulate a set of scientific and optimized strategies.It is hoped that the practical ability of military pharmacy graduate students will be improved considerably.

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Rickettsia Infections ; epidemiology ; Seroepidemiologic Studies

To investigate the expression of HoxA(10) mRNA in acute leukemia patients and its significance, HoxA(10) level was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 50 patients with acute leukemias, 7 healthy volunteers and 3 patients with ITP (idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura). The regularity of the expression of HoxA(10) gene in acute leukemia and the relationship between HoxA(10) level and the prognosis of leukemia was explored. The results showed that HoxA(10) was expressed in all types of acute myelogenous leukemia; HoxA(10) message was also observed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients and part of control groups. 3 normal donors were found not to express HoxA(10). The level of HoxA(10) mRNA of acute myelogenous leukemia patients was significantly higher than that of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients and controls (P < 0.01). HoxA(10) gene appeared to be more strongly expressed in AML-M(1) and -M(2) subtypes than in AML-M(4) and -M(5) subtypes, and the gene was notable high expressed in acute promyelocytic leukemia. The number of blast and promyeloid cells in the bone marrow was positive related with the level of HoxA (r = 0.635, P < 0.01). The level of HoxA(10) of 9 non-responsive patients was higher than that of 8 remission patients, but there was no significant difference between them (P = 0.258). HoxA(10) was overexpressed in acute myelogenous leukemia. It is concluded that HoxA(10) is a major transcription factor regulating hematopoiesis and a mark to differentiate lymphoid leukemia and myelogenous leukemia, but not a specific gene of cancer. The level of HoxA(10) is related with load of leukemic cells and curative effect, and can affect occurrence and development of leukemia in combination with many cytokines, HoxA(10) may facilitate the leukemia progression with another cofactors.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Homeodomain Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation of multi-slice CT findings to the clinical staging and prognosis of intestinal obstruction due to mesenteric blood vessel infarction.

METHODSFifty-four patients with intestinal obstruction resulting from infarction of the mesenteric vein or artery underwent multi-slice CT scanning, and the CT findings were analyzed for their relation with the intestinal ischemia and prognosis.

RESULTSSixteen patients were confirmed to have mesenteric arterial thrombosis (29%) and 40 had mesenteric venous thromboses (71%) by multi-slice CT scanning. The total mortality rate was 29%, of which mesenteric artery infarction took up 87% and mesenteric vein infarction 5%. The prognosis of the patients was closely related to the cause of the bowel infarction. Such CT findings as increased intensity of the intestinal canal and decreased enhancement and thickening of the bowel wall indicated favorable prognosis, whereas the signs of paper-thin wall sign, fecal sign, pneumatosis of the bowel wall, mesenteric veno gas and pneumoperitoneum all suggested poor prognosis.

CONCLUSIONMulti-slice CT scanning can identify mesenteric blood vessel infarction resulting in intestinal obstruction, and the CT signs can offer objective and valuable information for clinical staging and prognostic evaluation.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Infarction ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Intestines ; blood supply ; Ischemia ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Male ; Mesenteric Ischemia ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods ; Vascular Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology

The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques indluding silica gel, reverse phase silica gel, sephadex LH-20 and pre-HPLC and identified by their physicochemical properties and spectral data. Sixteen phenolic compounds had been isolated and n-butanol extracts which were fractionated from the ethanol extract of Oplopanax horridus roots bark. Their structures were identified as below, including 7 phenylpropanoid compounds, ferulic acid (1), 3-acetylcaffeic acid (2), caffeic acid (3), homovanillyl alcohol 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), 3-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), 3, 5-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), and 3-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7). Three coumarins, scopoletin (8), esculetin (9) and 3'-angeloyl-4'-acetyl-cis-knellactone (10). And 6 lignan compounds, (+)-isolaricires-inol-9'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (11), 3, 3'-dimethoxy-4, 9, 9'-trihydroxy-4', 7-epoxy-5', 8-lignan-4, 9-bis-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (12), (+)-5, 5'-dimethoxylariciresinol 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (13), (-)-5,5'-dimethoxylariciresinol 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (14), (-)-pinoresinol 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (15), and (+)-5, 5'-dimethoxylariciresinol 9'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (16). All compounds were isolated and identified for the first time from this plant All the constituents except compounds 4, 6, 12 and 13 were obtained for the first time from the genus Oplopanax.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Oplopanax ; chemistry ; Phenols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy and safety of half-dose Zenapax for prevention of acute rejection after renal transplantation.

METHODSAccording to the immunosuppressive regimen and renal function after transplantation, patients were divided into 4 groups, namely groups A, B, C, and D of 90, 73, 11 and 13 patients, respectively. Blood creatinine measured 1 week after operation was <176.6 micromol/L in groups A and B, and was >353 micromol/L in groups C and D. Patients in groups A and C were given 25 mg Zenapax (0.5 mg/kg) and MMF 0.75 g before operation, and those in groups B and D had only MMF of 0.75 g. All patients were given Pred, CsA and MMF after operation, and the rejection episodes, the time of acute rejection onset, the rate of rejection reversal and complications were analyzed in the time period of 6 months after operation.

RESULTSAfter the operation, 13 patients (14.4%) developed acute rejection in group A, 18 (24.6%) in group B, 6 (54.5%) in group C and 7 (53.8%) in group D (P<0.01). The incidence of acute rejection in group B was significantly lower than that in groups C and D groups (P<0.01), and the latter two groups had similar incidence. The time of acute rejection onset ranged from 3 to 9 days postoperatively (mean 6.2-/+3.2 days) in group A, significantly delayed as compared with that in group B (range 2-8 days, mean 4.7-/+3.1 days), group C (range 2-7 days, mean 4.3-/+4.2 days) and group D group (range 2-9 days, mean 3.9-/+3.5 days), but the time was similar between groups B, C, and D (P>0.05). All acute rejection cases in group A was reversed, and the rate of reversal was 88.9% (16/18) in group B, 83.3% in group C, and 71.4% in group D. No significant differences were noted in such complications as infection, vascular injuries or gastrointestinal reactions between the 4 groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONZenapax at the dose of 25 mg can safely decrease the risk of acute rejection in patients with good postoperative renal function recovery, but dose not seem effective in patients with delayed graft function recovery.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Creatinine ; blood ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graft Rejection ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; administration & dosage ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; Kidney Transplantation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of Free-skin-grafted penoscrotal avulsion injuries on spermatogenesis.

METHODSForty-two male New Zealand albino rabbits during child-bearing period were divided into the experimental group (n = 24) and the control group (n = 18) using random digits table, and 24 female rabbits with reproductive history were used for mating experiment. The experimental group animal's scrotum skin were excised, and the split skin from abdominal region was used to repair the skin defect of scrotum. The control group did not any processing. Six rabbits were randomly chosen respectively in control group and on the 3rd and 8th weekend after the model was successfully established in experimental group. The testicular surface temperature was measured in the eighteen rabbits using the method of burying thermometer, then the testicular biopsy were performed for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. On the 8(th) weekend after the model was successfully established in experimental group, matched-pair feed was performed in the other 12 rabbits respectively in experimental group and in control group. Observation of corresponding mother rabbit fertility. Three patients of penoscrotal avulsion injuries were treated using split skin grafts, and the information of sex life and the quality of sperm were obtained by follow up.

RESULTSThe testicular surface temperature was similar on the 3rd and 8th weekend after the model was successfully established in experimental group [(36.15 ± 0.24)°C, (36.77 ± 0.42)°C] with that of the control group. Testis tissue (HE) staining showed the tier of spermatogenic cells was rule arrangement and lot of mature sperms were found in the convoluted seminiferous tubules in control group. The tier of spermatogenic cells was diminished and disposed derangement, the spermatozoa were not seen on the 3(th) weekend of the experiment group. The tier of spermatogenic cells was increased and some spermatozoa were seen on the 8th weekend of the experiment group. Male and female matched-pair feed showed the experimental group conception rate 8/12, and 4.1 ± 3.2 rabbit babies were born averagely, while that of was 12/12 and 6.0 ± 1.3 in control group (P > 0.05). The skin grafts there were some contracture in early stage (1 - 2 months) when the skin grafts applied to repair the avulsing scrotum in three patients. But the skin grafts became loose with downward sagging and there were the good cosmetic result in one year, and without any contracture. The sperm quality was normal after the skin grafts applied to repair the avulsing scrotum in the late stage.

CONCLUSIONSThe skin grafting is little arrest the testicle spermatogenesis in the three methods (skin flap reconstruction scrotum, testicle buried, split skin grafting) that have usually been used to repair scrotum skin lose. For a young male, the best treatment for penoscrotal avulsion injuries is free skin grafting, while skin flaps are not recommended for reconstructing the scrotum.

Adult ; Animals ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Rabbits ; Scrotum ; injuries ; surgery ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Spermatogenesis ; Surgical Flaps