?AlM: To evaluate the clinical effects of excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy ( PTK) assisted by anterior segment optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) in the treatment of corneal anterior diseases.
?METHODS:There were 28 eyes of 15 patients who were diagnosed as corneal anterior diseases, on which excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy was performed from September 2012 to September 2013. The patients were checked up by anterior segment OCT before operation forauxiliarily judging types and depths of the disease to direct setting parameters such as cutting depths and diameters etc. in PTK. Follow-up of 6mo were included in this study. They were observed cornea condition, uncorrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent and haze at 6, 15d, and 1, 2, 3 and 6mo post-operatively.
?RESULTS: At postoperation, corneal condition of all patients were impoved more or less, that is, the outbreak was under control, or seizure frequency decreased obviously. There were no statistic differences between preoperation and postoperation on the changes of uncorrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent and haze (P>0. 05).
? CONCLUSlON: ln patients with corneal anterior diseases, excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy assisted by anterior segment OCT in the treatment of corneal anterior diseases can get rid of the lesion effectively and accurately and receive better treatment effect. But it is necessary to control the cutting depth avoiding postoperative hyperopia.

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on rat′s limb ischemia reperfusion injury .Methods Sixty healthy SD rats were randomly divided into sham operate group ,ischemia-reperfusion group and propofol group (n= 20) ,each group was divided into 4 subgroups according to the different reperfusion time .To copy the right lower limb ischemia reperfusion model ,5 min before reperfusion ,use propofol injection (50 mg/kg ,intraperitoneal inject) ,various subjects in the corresponding time points (3 ,6 , 9 ,12 h) were sacrificed .TNF-α ,NF-κB of blood and MDA ,SOD of Skeletal muscle were measured ,calculate muscle wet dry weight ratio .Results Compared with ischemia reperfusion group ,propofol could significantly reduce expression of TNF-alpha ,NF-κB lev-els in serum (P< 0 .05) ,inhibit the increase of the MDA level and decrease of the SOD level in muscle (P< 0 .05) ,also reduce the extent of skeletal muscle cell edema(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion Propofol can attenuate limb ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting inflammation response and reducing the oxygen free radicals′ damage .

Central composite design (CCD) is one of the most commonly used design methods in response surface optimization and has been widely applied in the field of pharmaceutics to optimize preparations. On the 20th anniversary of the introduction of CCD into China, the paper reviews its application in domestic pharmaceutical researches. Based on the brief introduction of basic principle and operation steps of CCD, the mistakes emerging in the application of CCD are summarized, including conceptual confusion with Box-Behnken design and face-centered CCD as well as wrong designs. Besides, the issues concerning the selection of factors and responses are discussed. The article is helpful for researchers to comprehensively understand the CCD and facilitates the rational application of this method.

Objective To assess the treatment efficacy and safety of lanthanum carbonate (LC) in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Methods MEDLINE (1996—2014), Embase (1974—2014.12), Pubmed (1996—2014.12), Cochrane library, Chinese Wanfang database (1996—2014.12) and CNKI (1979—2014.12) were searched. Lanthanum carbonate and hemodialysis were used as Chinese and English search terms respectively, and the articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were used as supplements. Quality assessment and data mining were conducted by two independent investigators who performed Meta-analysis using RevMan5.2. Results Nine trials with 2 674 participants were included in this study. The Meta-analysis showed that there were similar blood levels of calcium [WMD=-0.24,95%CI:(-0.61)-0.14, P=0.21], phosphorus [WMD=0.14,95%CI:(-0.02)-0.30,P=0.08] and phosphate control rates (RR=0.91,95%CI:0.70-1.17, P=0.44) between control group and lanthanum carbonate group. There were lower incidence rates of hypercalcemia (RR=0.17, 95%CI:0.06-0.47, P=0.000 7) and blood levels of calcium-phosphorus product [WMD=-2.17,95%CI:(-3.99)-(-0.35), P=0.02], and higher levels of parathyroid hormone (iPTH, WMD=105.69, 95%CI:70.38-141.00, P<0.000 01) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP, WMD=6.47, 95%CI:0.43-12.50, P=0.04) in these two groups. There were no significant differences in incidence rates of gastrointestinal adverse events between two groups. Conclusion Lanthanum carbonate should be used as preferred choice of phosphate binders to control serum phosphorus in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

ObjectiveTo clarify the influence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein 120 V4 region with mutations at amino acid locuses on its abilities to enter target cells.Methods Based on the facts that ADA strains was a CCR5-tropic strain,only had the ability to infect CCR5 cells; that HXB2 strains was a CXCR4-tropic strain,only had the ability to infect CXCR4 cells,serial glycoprotein 120 mutants with alanine substitution in V4 region of ADA and HXB2 strains,were constructed by overlaping PCR.Eukaryotic expression vectors of mutants and expression vectors of HIV framework gene with luciferase reporter gene were cotransfected into eukaryotic cells to produce pseudoviruse.Concentration of HIV-1 gag P24 in pseudoviruses was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).U87.CD4.CCR5 and U87.CD4.CXCR4 cells were infected with 20 and 40 ng pseudoviruses,with wild ADA and HXB2 strains as control groups,respectively.The ability to infect cells of pseudovirus of each mutant with HIV-1 V4- region mutated at amine acid locuses 386-417 was measured by detecting the luciferase activity (relative light unit,RLU).ResultsTen mutants with alanine substitution in V4 region of HIV-1 ADA and HXB2 strains were successfully constructed,respectively.Mutants of pseudoviruse with 20 ng and 40 ng at locuses 389-391 and 414-417 with alanine substitution of V4 region in both ADA and HXB2 strains lost completely the abilities to enter CCR5 and CXCR4 expressing cells[ (0 ± 0)％].It was found that introduction of alanine to ADAs 400-403 and ADAs 408-410 increased the ability to infect cells to (124 ± 35)％,(182 ± 29)％ and (127 ± 8)％,( 134 ± 16)％ with pseudoviruse of 20 ng and 40 ng,respectively.Likewise,the ability to infect CXCR4 expressing cells also increased to (144 ± 42 )％ and (121 ± 18 )％ with pseudoviruse of 20 ng and 40 ng,respectively by introduction of alanine to HXB2s 395-397.However,other mutants in V4 region of ADA and HXB2 only maintained partial entry abilities( 15％- 84％).ConclusionsMutants of V4 region of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 120 with alanine substitution at locuses 389-391 and 414-417 in both ADA and HXB2 strains have been constructed successfully.They completely lost the ability to enter target cells.

The paper introduces a designing idea and a carrying-out scheme about expanding functions of single channel electrocardiograph in Chinese community medical service and looks forward to its applying prospects.
Community Health Services ; Electricity ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Microcomputers ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Software

Objective To assess the effect of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on severe acute pancre-atitis (SAP). Methods According to the collaborative search strategy, MEDLINE (1966-2013.9), Embase(1974-2013.9), Chinese Wanfang database(1996-2013.9), CNKI(1979-2013.9) and the clinical control test database of Cochrane Library were searched.Published and unpublished literature and meeting summary were searched manually.Quality assessment and data extraction were conducted by two independent investigators. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2. Results A total of 15 reports were identified which met the inclusion criteria, in which include data of 652 patients.Com-pared with control group, serum amylase decreased in CRRT group (WMD=-140.76, 95%CI was-212.42 to-69.11, P=0.000 1). Mediators of inflammatory mediators were scavenged effectively and APACHEⅡscore decreased in CRRT group (WMD=-2.97, 95%CI was-4.01 to-1.93, P<0.001). The overall survival rate was significantly higher in CRRT group than that in control group (RR=1.35, 95%CI 1.19-1.52, P<0.001). Conclusion Continuous renal replacement therapy could ef-fectively improve the survival rate of patients with severe acute pancreatitis.

Microbiology is one of the fundamental courses in life science and its theories and application techniques are being developed rapidly, in order to arouse the students interest and help them master better the knowledge of microbiology, we have attemped an exploration and reform in the traditional teaching methods of this subject, our study would center on multimedia teaching methods of microbiology, its content were chiefly multimedia microbiology; multimedia microbiology experiment and microbiology network teaching.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a commonly occurring human pathogen worldwide. There is an urgent need to discover and develop new alternative agents for the management of HSV-1 infection. Tripterygium hypoglaucum (level) Hutch (Celastraceae) is a traditional Chinese medicine plant with many pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and antifertility. The usual medicinal part is the roots which contain about a 1% yield of alkaloids. A crude total alkaloids extract was prepared from the roots of T. hypoglaucum amd its antiviral activity against HSV-1 in Vero cells was evaluated by cytopathic effect (CPE) assay, plaque reduction assay and by RT-PCR analysis. The alkaloids extract presented low cytotoxicity (CC_(50) = 46.6 μg/mL) and potent CPE inhibition activity, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC_(50)) was 6.5 μg/mL, noticeably lower than that of Acyclovir (15.4 μg /mL). Plaque formation was significantly reduced by the alkaloids extract at concentrations of 6.25 μg/mL to 12.5 μg/mL, the plaque reduction ratio reached 55% to 75% which was 35% higher than that of Acyclovir at the same concentration. RT-PCR analysis showed that, the transcription of two important delayed early genes UL30 and UL39, and a late gene US6 of HSV-1 genome all were suppressed by the alkaloids extract, the expression inhibiting efficacy compared to the control was 74.6% (UL30), 70.9% (UL39) and 62.6% (US6) respectively at the working concentration of 12.5μg/mL. The above results suggest a potent anti-HSV-1 activity of the alkaloids extract in vitro.

Objective To investigate the relationship between abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and outcomes in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods One hundred and seventy MHD patients in the dialysis center of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from June 2014 and October 2014 were enrolled prospectively. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) was measured using AAC score (AACS) by abdominal lateral plain radiography. According to the AACS, the patients were divided into mild AAC (AACS<5) group and severe AAC (AACS≥5) group for comparison, and Kaplan?Meier analysis was used to compare their survival rates. Multivariable COX regression models were used to determine the risk factors of all?cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality in MHD patients. Results Severe AAC (AACS≥5) was present in 28.2%(48/170) patients. The median follow?up duration was 25.6 (22.0, 26.0) months. During the follow?up, 6 patients (4.9%) in AACS<5 group and 14 patients (29.2%) in AACS≥5 group died. Kaplan?Meier analysis showed that patients in AACS≥5 group had higher all?cause mortality rate and cardiovascular disease mortality rate as compared with patients in AACS<5 group (χ2=9.746 ,P=0.002; χ2=9.697 ,P=0.002). Multivariate COX regression analysis demonstrated that high AACS (HR=4.373, 95%CI 1.562?7.246, P=0.005) and hypoproteinemia (HR=0.886, 95%CI 0.797?0.985, P=0.025) were independent risk factors for all?cause mortality, while hypoproteinemia (HR=0.829, 95%CI 0.718?0.956, P=0.010) and low 1,25(OH)D3 (HR=0.769, 95% CI 0.627 ? 0.944, P=0.012) were independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease mortality. Conclusions AAC is significantly associated with overall survival in MHD patients. To further evaluate the relationship between AAC and outcomes in MHD patients, multi?center and long term follow up studies of large sample size are necessary.