BACKGROUND:Acute pancreatitis is a common inflammatory disease mediated by pancreatic acinar cel s injury, and is mainly characterized by leukocyte infiltration. N-acetylcysteine can control leukocyte migration and regulate inflammation in some serious inflammatory diseases. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine in rat model of acute pancreatitis caused by sodium taurocholate. METHODS:Ninety Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:normal control group, acute pancreatitis group and N-acetylcysteine group. Except normal control group, acute pancreatitis model was established in the other two groups by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate into major duodenal papil a. Rats in the N-acetylcysteine group were treated with N-acetylcysteine intravenously through the tail vein. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After acute pancreatitis model was established, plasma amylase levels in the models were significantly higher than that in the normal control rats (P<0.05). Interleukin-1β,-6,-10, and tumor necrosis factorαexpression levels were also obviously higher than that in the normal control rats (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that N-acetylcysteine was mainly expressed in the islet cel s, and the pancreatic expression of N-acetylcysteine was down-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels during the course of acute pancreatitis. N-acetylcysteine administration significantly reduced plasma amylase levels, myeloperoxidase activity, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and pancreas and lung tissue damages. Furthermore, N-acetylcysteine administration did not cause significant inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activation in the pancreas. N-acetylcysteine is capable of improving damage of pancreas and lung, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects in rats with severe acute pancreatitis.

Background Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic model is an acceptable model and is often used to the study of diabetic retinopathy (DR).However,the model is often established using retinal digest preparation in vitro in albino rats,and therefore it is difficult to evaluate the change of retinal vessels by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in vivo.Recently,pigmented rats are being used as the DR model.But the study on the comparison between albino rat model and pigmented rat model is seldom.Objective This study was to observe and compare the manifestations of FFA and retinal digest preparation in early diabetic pigmented diabetic rat and albino diabetic rat,and to select the right model of DR using FFA.Methods Type 1 diabetic models were induced in 15 six-week-old health male BN rats and 15 six-week-old health male SD rats by the injection of STZ (55 mg/kg) via tail vein.The models were thought to be successful in the rats with the blood glucose level ≥ 16.7 mmol/L.The right eyes of the rats were extracted 6 weeks after injection of STZ.Lens were examined by slit lamp microscope.Retinal vascular changes were examined by fundus photography,FFA and periodic acid Schiff staining of retinal digest preparation.The manifestations of FFA and retinal digest preparation were contrasted between BN rats and SD rats.The number of eyes with lens opacification was compared by Chi-square test and the ratio of vascular endothelial cells and perithelial cells (E/P) was compared between BN rats and SD rats.The use and care of experimental animals complied the Statement of Ethic Committee of Tianjin Medicine University.Results Six weeks after injection of STZ,11 BN rats and 10SD rats were included in this study.The blood levels were (24.73±2.98) mmol/L and (22.36±3.65) mmol/L in BN rats and SD rats,respectively,without significant difference between the 2 types of rats (t =7.873,P＞0.05).Lens opacification occurred in 6 BN rats and in 5 SD rats (P=0.717).FFA showed the clear retinal vascular under the brown background.Evident vessel disorder and fluorescence leakage like background stage of DR were seen in 9 eyes.However,in the SD rats,retinal vessel abnormality could not exhibited owing to the interference of choroid fluorescent light from choroidal vessels and vortex vein.Retinal digest preparation exhibited that unevenness of vessel diameter,decrease of perithelial cells and increase of endothelial cells in both types of rats.The E/P values were 11.50±3.68in the BN rats and 12.86±3.94 in the SD rats,without significant difference between them (t=9.785,P＞0.05).Conclusions The abnormality of fundus vascular morphology can be better displayed in pigmented diabetic rats than albino rats by FFA in vivo.

BACKGROUND:In rabbit femur fracture model experiment, there are a few studies on whether quadriceps tendon wil affect the stability of the fixed device. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effects of quadriceps tendon to the stability of external fixator in rabbit models of femur fracture. METHODS:The 48 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. External fixator was used to make fracture model. In the experiment group, quadriceps tendon was cut. In the control group, quadriceps tendon was retained. 2 weeks later, X-ray examination was utilized to observe the number of failed external fixator in both groups from modeling to success. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) X-ray examination:2 weeks after model establishment, external fixation frame screw was free from femur in one rabbit of the experiment group, and seven rabbits in the control group. Of them, one screw was broken. Threaded portion retained in the femur. (2) External fixation failure rate:failed external fixator was found in one rabbit in the experiment group, resulting in a failure rate of 4%, and 12 rabbits in the control group, resulting in a failure rate of 50%(P<0.05). These findings suggested that cutting off the rabbit quadriceps tendon can effectively ensure the stability of the external fixator, and indirectly improve success rate of the experiment.

Objective To discuss the safety of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO)for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).Methods We analysed 65newborns diagnosed as BPD from January 2012to December 2013in Maternal and Child Health Hospital of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.They were divided into iNO group(n=35)and control group(n=30)according to whether administering iNO or not.The heart rate,blood pressure,oxygen supply time,assisted ventilation time,hospital stay,concentration of NO2 and methemoglobin,and the changes of coagulation function were observed dynamically before and after iNO treatment.Results There were significant differences in oxygen supply time[(37±9)d vs.(55±7)d], assisted ventilation time[(29±7)d vs.(35±9)d],hospital stay [(45±9)d vs.(54±7)d]between iNO group and control group(P﹤0.05).There were no obvious changes in heart rate,blood pressure and co-agulation function before and after iNO treatment(P﹥0.05).The incidences of the complications had no sig-nificant differences between the two groups (P﹥0.05).Conclusion Long-time iNO can shorten oxygen therapy time and assisted ventilation time,iNO therapy in BPD doesn′t found serious adverse effect to cardio-vascular function as well as coagulation function,and doesn′t increase the risk of intracranial hemorrhage and retinopathy of prematurity.

To establish the online two-dimensional liquid chromatography by using double gradient liquid chromatography system and UV detector, in order to simultaneously determine the content of paeoniflorin, paenol, amygdaloside and cinnamic acid. A pump of the two-dimensional liquid chromatography was adopted as the one-dimensional separation pump. C18 (3.0 mm x 150 mm, 3 microm) was used as the analytical column, with acetonitrile as the organic phase and 0.08% phosphoric acid + 0.08% triethylamine as the aqueous phase for gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.5 mL x min(-1). Another pump of the two-dimensional liquid chromatography was adopted as the two-dimensional separation pump. PAII C18 was used as the analytical column, with acetonitrile as the organic phase and 20 mmol, pH 3.0 monopotassium phosphate as the aqueous phase for gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.8 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelengths were set at 218, 230, 275 nm by using wavelength time-switching program. The linearity range of paeoniflorin, amygdaloside, paeonol and cinnamic acid were 5.55-222 (r = 0.999 7), 6.6-264 (r = 0.999 8), 3.3-132 (r = 0.999 5) and 0.315-12.6 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 7), respectively. The average recoveries of the four components were between 96.12% and 103.9%. The experiment proved that this method was so rapid and accurate in determination results that it could be used for evaluating drug quality.
Capsules ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Online Systems ; Time Factors

The theoretical basis of the alcohol precipitation process control was provided, the alcohol precipitation was optimized and the relationship equation was got. The monod glycoside, loganin and paeoniflorin were used as the evaluation indexes to determine the impact factors of alcohol precipitation techniques of Liuwei Dihuang decoction by the Plackett-Burman experimental design and the levels of non-significant factors were identified. Then, Box-Behnken response surface methodology was used to research and discuss the critical process parameters influence the effect of alcohol precipitation and draw interaction between key process parameters and the correlation equation with index components. Through the establishment and solving the quadratic regression model of composite score, the optimum preparation conditions of alcohol precipitation techniques of liuwei were as follows: stirring speed was 580 r x min(-1), standing time was 17 hours, alcohol concentration was 34%, the density of Liuwei Dihuang decoction was 1.13. The response surface methodology for optimized alcohol precipitation techniques of Liuwei Dihuang decoction is. reasonable and feasible.
Chemical Precipitation ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of different pH on rectum permeability of chlorogenic acid and geniposide.

METHODFour kinds of Reduning suppositories of different pH were separated and put into the rectum to study the suppositories in vitro and the content of chlorogenic acid and geniposide samples was determined by HPLC to calculate the permeation in 24 hours.

RESULTWith increase of pH within 2.5-7.4, the steady state flux of chlorogenic acid was increased, but the steady state flux of geniposidesamples was steady.

CONCLUSIONAdjusted the pH can increase the rectum permeability of active ingredients in Reduning auppositories.

Animals ; Chlorogenic Acid ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Iridoids ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Permeability ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rectum ; metabolism ; Suppositories ; pharmacokinetics

Objective To determine the molecular characteristics of predominant Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A strains prevalent in Hangzhou area from 2002 to 2008.Methods Pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE),multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were applied for typing as well as analysis of the molecular characteristics of 31 S.typhi isolates and 404 S.paratyphi A isolates from Hangzhou area during 2002 to 2008.Results The 404 S.paratyphi A isolates could be divided into six PFGE types (P1-P6).99.0％ of the S.paratyphi A isolates (400/404) belonged to the same one clone family (P1 and P2 types),in which P1 strains occupied 93.3％ (373/400) of the isolates.The 31 S.typhi isolates displayed a high diversity,which could be classified into 14 PFGE types,28 MLVA types with 90.3％ resolving power and 3 MLST types.The S.typhi strains prevalent in Hangzhou area were similar to those in Southeast Asia but different from those in Europe.The variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) sites with high polymorphism,TR1,TR2 and Sal02,could be used to the markers for diagnosis of S.typhi isolates in the area.The MLST types of 31 S.typhi isolates included all the three types currently found in the world but the ST2 type of S.typhi strains was predominant (23/31,74.2％).Conclusion The paratyphoid A prevalence in Hangzhou area in the recent years is caused by infection of the same clone family of S.paratyphi A whereas the S.typhi strains prevalent in the area display a high diversity.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics and imaging features of perinatal autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease ( ARPKD) and a systematic review of the literature was performed to improve awareness of the disease. Methods A newborn with infantile ARPKD admitted to the neonatal department of our hospital was studied and her clinical data and imaging features retrospectively reviewed. CNKI, CBMdisc, MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched using autosomal recessive, perinatal and polycystic kidney as keywords. 9 case reports were retrieved from 2005 to 2015 and a total of 9 patients were analyzed. Results The gestational age of patients with infantile ARPKD was from 33 to 37 weeks. 6 of them were diagnosed using prenatal ultrasound and one patient was diagnosed using genetic sequencing. One of 10 infants had a family history, 4 patientsˊ mothers had abnormal pregnancy history (spontaneous abortion or miscarriage) and 7 (70. 0%) patients with respiratory failure needed mechanical ventilation. The ultrasound of all the patients showed enlarged and hyperechogenic kidneys. 9 patients died, and only one patient was alive after renal transplant. Conclusions The characteristics of perinatal APRKD are enlarged and polycystic kidneys, hepatic cysts and liver fibrosis. Infants with this disease have poor outcomes and high mortality rate. Respiratory failure and renal failure are the main causes of death in the neonatal period and early diagnosis and treatment are necessary.

OBJECTIVETo study the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype and its relation to clinical degree and responsiveness to antiviral therapy on hepatitis in order to guide the clinical therapy.

METHODSWe amplified HBV S gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using the second-round PCR product, which was digested by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). This genotype method was designed under the analysis of the restriction fragment length polymorphism and using the restriction enzymes that identified the genotype-specific sequences. Five restriction enzymes, Hph I , Nci I , Alw I, Ear I and NlaIV, were identified in genotype-specific RFLP from the S gene region. Representative sequences from the S genome region of each HBV genotype were aligned to show the restriction sites by the five restriction enzymes. The amplified S gene nucleotide sequences were sequenced by dideoxy-chain-termination method and the corresponding amino acid sequence was deduced using DNASIS software. Later, they were genotyped by comparing to representative S gene sequences obtained from GenBank. This confirmed the results of RFLP HBV genotyping methods, coincident with that of S gene sequence.

RESULTSGenotypes A, B, C, D were classified in 216 patients with HBV and DNA positive. The results showed that: 1 case (0.46%) of genotype A, 19 cases genotype B (8.8% ), 175 genotype C (81.02%) and 21 genotype D (9.72%). A total of 86 patients in the hospital were divided into either genotype C cases (69) or non-genotype C cases (17).

CONCLUSIONGenotype C was the major genotype in Changchun. Among HBV patients, type C was 80.95%, followed by genotypes B and D. Both hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis showed relations with genotype C.

Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; virology ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B ; drug therapy ; Hepatitis B virus ; classification ; drug effects ; genetics ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; virology ; Liver Neoplasms ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length