Objective To analyze the effect of fiber bronchoscope bronchial lavage technique for the children with lobar pneumonia.Methods 110 cases of lobar pneumonia were divided into the bronchial lavage group (55 cases) and the control group (55 cases).The clinical effect of two groups was observed.Results The tempera-ture recovery time, chest rales recovery time, clinical presentation time, X -ray change recovery time of bronchial lavage groups were significantly shorter than those of the control group (all P<0.05).The total effective rate of the lavage group was 85.5%,which was 65.5% of the control group (χ2 =10.632,P <0.01).Conclusion The children with lobar pneumonia taken bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage reached the diagnosis and achieved the goal of treatment,it could significantly improve the clinical symptoms,promote disease recovery,conducive to rehabili-tation of children.

Grainhead-like 2 (GRHL2) is one of the homologous genes of Drosophila granule head-like gene in mammals,which is a kind of Drosophila granule head transcription factor.In normal organisms,GRHL2 is involved in the regulation of epithelial cell differentiation and development.In tumors,GRHL2 is complex.GRHL2 not only inhibits tumorigenesis,but it also promotes tumor formation,especially epithelial origin of malignant tumors mostly involving epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process.Further study of the relationship between GRHL2 and tumor will provide a new idea for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients.The relationship between GRHL2 and tumor is reviewed in this paper.

Minerals and trace elements are a general name for a variety of elements that constitute human tissues and maintain normal physiological functions. The single-nucleotide polymor-phism ( SNP) can affect the metabolism, disposition and effect of minerals and trace elements, causing changes in body function. In this review, we will summarize pharmacogenomics research based on the current knowledge from minerals and trace ele-ments.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of 34 systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA) complicated with macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and analyzed the gene PRF1,UNC13D,STX11,STXBP2 to figure out the genetic pathogenesis mechanism.Methods The clinical characteristics of 34 SoJIA complicated with MAS were analyzed retrospectively and coding sequences of PRF1,UNC13D,STX11 were amplified and tested.The Chi-square test was applied to compare the distribution of alleles and genotypes frequencies between SLE patients and healthy controls.Statistical significance was defined as P value ＜0.05.Results A total number of 34 SoJIA complicated with MAS were included.Boys accounted for 69％(23/34),and the median age was 6 years.85％(29/34) cases had genetic tests and four SNPS loci were detected:PRF1 c.1061 C＞T (rs885822); UNC13D c.659 C＞T (rs3744007); STXBP2 c.1483 T＞cC (rs10001) and STXBP2 c.1616 A＞G (rs6791).Compared with the control group,genotype and allele frequency of PRF1 rs885822 and STXBP2 rs10001 in MAS cases were statistical significantly different (rs885822:allele frequency x2=4.52,P=0.03 ; genotype frequency:x2=5.52,P=0.02.rs10001:allele frequencyx2=21.33,P=0.00; genotype frequency:x2=19.58,P=0.00).There was no statistical significant difference in genotype frequency and allele frequency of UNC13D rs3744007 and STXBP2 rs6791 between the MAS and control group (rs3744007:allele frequencyx2=1.89,P=0.17; genotype frequency:x2=1.59,P=0.45.rs6791:allele frequency x2=l.69,P=0.19; genotype frequency:x2=2.09,P=0.35).Persistent fever,progressive hepatos-plenomegaly,a sharp decline in blood cells counts,pleural effusion,markedly increased serum liver enzymes,hyperlipidemia were the main characteristics.Some children had mucosal bleeding,neurological dysfunction.More than 82％ children had upper respiratory tract infection before the occurrence of MAS.90％ of children were in remission,while three children had multiple organ failure and died.Conclusion MAS is a fatal complication caused by immune disturbance.Early detection and tre-atment is the key to improve the prognosis.The SNP PRF1 rs885822 and STXBP2 rs1001 may be concurrent with the pathogenesis of SoJIA-MAS.The SNP UNC13D rs3744007 and STXBP2 rs6791 may not participate in the pathogenesis of SoJIA-MAS.

Aim To investigate the protective effects of breviscapine(Bre) on myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis induced by isoproterenol (Iso) in rats and its mechanism. Methods Myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis model of rats were induced by injection of Iso for 7 days(5 mg?kg -1?d -1,sc).From day 2～15,rats were treated with Bre 12.5 and 25 mg?kg -1?d -1 ip,the NS control and Iso model group received saline injection.On day 15,animals were killed by decapitation,monitored in terms of myocardial indexes (heart weight/boday weight, HW/BW and left ventricalar weight/body weight,LVW/BW);the contents of angio- tensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ),nitric oxide(NO) and hydroxyproline and the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase and Ca 2+-ATPase in left ventricle were assayed with radioimmunoassay and spectrophotometry,respectively. Results Compared with the NS control group, the myocardial indexes, the level of AngⅡ and hydroxyproline in left ventricle were markedly increased and NO content, activity of Na+,K+-ATPase and Ca 2+-ATPase in left ventricle were decreased in Iso model group;treatment with Bre 25 mg?kg -1?d -1 significantly reduced the myocardial index and content of AngⅡ and hydroxyproline in left ventricle,increased the NO content ,enhanced the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase and Ca 2+-ATPase.Conclusion Bre can alleviate myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis induced by Iso in rats.

Objective To investigate whether the skin-derived neural stem cells inducted by the culture could survive,differentiate and migrate in the lesioned site of rat spinal cord.Methods The skin of new born rat trans-gene of green fluorescence protein(GFP) was applied to be dissociated into cells,cultured and inducted to proliferate in vitro.Skin-derived neural stem cells were identified by immunocytochemistry staining.Then,skin-derived neural stem cells inducted by the culture were transplanted into the lesioned site of rat spinal cord hemisection.Thirty days and sixty days after the operation,the survival,migration and differentiation of transplanted cells were observed by immunocytochemistry staining. Results Ten days at cultured skin-dissociated cells,many cell-spheres had been formed by the proliferation of suspensive growing cells.These cell-spheres showed nestin positive staining of immunocytochemistry.It suggestes that the cell-spheres are neurospheres.In vivo,many transplanted skin-derived neural stem cells with GFP were observed in the lesioned area of spinal cord.Some transplanted cells migrated into host spinal cord tissue far away from the lesioned area.Some transplanted surviving cells showed nestin,MAP2 and GFAP positive staining of immunocytochemistry separately.Conclusion Skin-derived neural stem cells inducted by the culture may survive,migrate and differentiate into neuron-like cells and astrocyte-like cells in injured spinal cord of rat.

Objective To explore the express levels of CA199,CA724 and CEA in different gastric mucosa pathological situation.Methods The experimental group included 82 cases including 15 of chronic atrophic gastritis,15 of intesti- nal metapiasia,15 of dysplasia of the gastric mucosa,19 of gastric ulcer,18 of gastric cancer;15 of the chronic Super- ficial gastritis (CSG) were set as control group.To test express levels of CA199,CA724 and CEA in these cases by the immunohistochemistry technology.Results The positive rate of CA199,CA724 and CEA in gastric cancer was sig- nificantly higher than that in precancerous lesion groups and precancerous state groups (P0.05),but there was a graduate increasing of the positive rate of CA199,CA724 expression in chronic atrophic gastritis,intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia of the gastric mucosa. Conclusion That different expression of CA199,CA724 and CEA in gastric cancer development situation may be help- ful for the early diagnose of gastric cancer.

[Summary] Colorectal cancer is the one of the most common malignancies in the world .Currently, surgery is the main treatment for colorectal cancer .Although laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer has been widely accepted , laparoscopic approach for rectal cancer is still in clinical trials .At present, several trails have shown that the short-and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic rectal cancer resection are similar with open surgery , but others have shown that pathological outcomes and total resection rates of laparoscopic surgery are unsatisfactory .Laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery needs more grade Ⅰ evidences .Nowadays , researchers are exploring new ways to treat rectal cancer .

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an inflammatory eye disease associated with thyroid autoimmune disorder.The traditional treatments have yielded limited efficacy but with some side effects.Recently,researches have shown that some new immunosupressants may be used for the treatment of TAO with significantly improved symptoms,and reduction in clinical activity score.