Objective To analyse the causes of non-union and delayed union in distal femur and assess the clinical outcomes of retrograde intramedullary interlocking nail(RIIN). Methods Between June 1995 and December 1998, 15 cases of non-union and delayed union of distal femur were treated with RIIN. There were 9 males and 6 females, the average age of the patients was 34.5 years(range 23 to 46 years). At surgery, the failed implants were removed in all 15 cases, bone graft was performed in 10 cases, closed reaming was done in 5 cases. 11 patients also received knee adhesion release operation. The X-ray examination and KSS knee functional score were used to evaluate the results. Results The average duration of follow-up was 14.5 months. All patients achieved solid bone union at an average of 6.4 months. There were no malunion, infection and refracture in this series. According to the KSS rating system, the average range of motion(ROM) was 93.5 degrees, increased by 28 degrees(42.7％ ) compared with the preoperation ROM. The average knee score was 96 points. The excellent result was obtained in 13 cases, good in 2 cases. The average knee function score was 90.5 points. Conclusion The main reasons for non-union and delayed union were improper selection of the indications and use of implants. Retrograde intramedullary interlocking nail is one of the effective alteratives for treatment of distal femur non-union and delayed union. It can provide a stable and reliable fixation which is of benefit for early functional exercise. Bone grafting, closed reaming technique and knee joint adhesion release should be considered in order to enhance the bone healing and the improvement of knee ROM and function.

Objective: To study the bioactivity of human cementum extract . Methods: Cementum was harvested from freshly extracted heatlhy teeth and cementum extract was prepared by guanidine. Human gingival fibroblast and MC3T3 E1 osteoblast were cultured. The cells were incubated in DMEM with cementum extract concentration 0, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 ?g/ml for an hour respectively, the cell attachment rate was measured by cell counting. The attachment rate of the cells in different incubation time(30 min,60 min, 90 min, 120 min) in DMEM containing 10 ?g/ml cementum extract was also assayed.Results: The extract increased the cell attachment rate in a concentration and time dependent effect. The extract at the concentration of 10 ?g/ml and with exposuse time of 90 min gave the most effective increase of cell attachment. Conclusion: Human cementum extract prepared by guanidine contains some bioactive proteins that promote the attachment of gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts.

Objective:To observe the effects of real-time and retrospective analyze of cardiac remote monitoring based on differential threshold method.Methods: Xin An Bao XAB - M3AG ECG remote monitoring system which based on the differential threshold method of improvement being used to determine the parameters of electro cardio signal was installed in 8957 patients.Results: We had collected all 46967 ECG real-time data, including 9564 manual transmission, 25830 timing transmitting and 11573 automatically transmission. 5728 of automatically transmission was with arrhythmia (49.5%) and the others of automatically transmission was attribute to inference.Conclusion: The results showed that algorithm complexity based on the improved differential threshold method is low, the precision is high and it has a good real-time performance. It realized the real-time monitoring of ECG.

Objective To summarize the experience of establishing a split liver transplantation pig model using extracorporeal normothermic machine perfusion (NMP).Methods Twenty miniature pigs were purchased with ten as donors and another ten as receptors.The graft was spliced along Taira line and the right half was reserved for transplantation.Hemodynamics and bile production volume were monitored,and blood biochemical and blood gas analysis indicators were detected during machine perfusion.Pathological change was observed by HE stain.Hemodynamics during liver transplantation,5-day survival rate and the cause of death were recorded.Results Hemodynamic,biochemical and blood gas analysis indicators remained stable during NMP.All receptor pigs were successfully extubated and awake after surgery.Two receptors died on the second day after the operation.The 5-day survival rate was 80％.Conclusion The split liver transplantation pig model using extracorporeal normothermic machine perfusion is feasible and appropriate,and it lays the foundation for further investigation.

Objective To study the internalization mediated by heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) receptors expressed on the surface of dendritic cells (DCs). Methods DCs from C57BL/6 mouse bone marrow were divided into HSP70 receptor-blocking group, non-receptor-blocking group and control group. The HSP70-FITC positive cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). Results FCM indicated that in HSP70 receptor-blocking group, the HSP70 receptors could be almost totally blocked by 50?g HSP70. With the increase of HSP70-FITC dosage, the number of HSP70-FITC positive cells increased. In non-receptor-blocking group, the rates of the HSP70-FITC positive cells were up to 90% either when 50?g HSP70-FITC or 100?g HSP70-FITC was used with no remarkable difference between them. Conclusions The internalization mediated by HSP70 receptors plays a major role in the stage of ingestion of HSP70 with the characteristics of saturation and priority. Once the receptors are blocked, non-receptor pathway participates in internalization in a dose-dependent manner.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of serotonin (5-HT) and secretin(SEC) on afferent discharge of vagus in rats. Methods Spontaneous afferent discharge of subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve was recorded in urethane anesthetized rats. The effects of 5-HT, 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and 5-HT+SEC on the discharge of subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve were investigated by intravenous injection of different dosage of 5-HT(3, 10, 30 ?g/kg), Granisetron (1 mg/kg) and 5-HT+SEC. Results Intravenous 5-HT caused obvious exciting effect on spontaneous afferent discharge of subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve. The 5-HT3 receptor antagonist significantly inhibited the effects of 5-HT. 5-HT+SEC could augment the effect of 5-HT on spontaneous discharge. Conclusion The exciting effect of 5-HT on afferent discharge of subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve is possibly mediated by 5-HT3 receptor related to vagus nerve afference. Secretin can augment the exciting effect of 5-HT on spontaneous discharge of vagus afferent nerve.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the protective effects of nourishing spleen yin recipe (Zibu Piyin Recipe, ZBPYR), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in neuronal cells responding to the stress by using sero-pharmacological method. METHODS: The mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2a cells were treated with tunicamycin (Tm, an inhibitor of N-glycosylation). The ZBPYR-treated cell group was established by incubating cells with ZBPYR serum for one hour and treated with Tm. Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was utilized to detect the mRNA expressions from two genes after treatments, ER molecular chaperone glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and transcriptional factor CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay was also carried out to determine the LDH leakage from Neuro2a cells after treated with Tm and staurosporine (STS). RESULTS: The ZBPYR-treated cell group at all tested ZBPYR dosages showed significantly reduced expressions of both genes compared with Tm (5 microg/ml) treated control group (P<0.05). Therefore, ZBPYR serum inhibited the expressions of GRP78 and CHOP in mRNA level under ER stress induced by Tm. Different concentrations of ZBPYR serum pretreatment reduced the LDH leakage compared with the Tm and STS groups (P<0.05). Therefore, ZBPYR serum may inhibit the LDH leakage induced by Tm and STS. CONCLUSION: ZBPYR has neuroprotective effects. The mechanisms may be associated with inhibition of ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the effects of low molecular weight polysaccharide lsolated from agaricus blazei murill (LMPAB) on adhesion and migration of tumor cell and HUVECs. Methods HT-29 cell and HUVECs proliferation was analyzed by MTT.Adhesion and transmigration monolayer HUVECs ability of HT-29 was examined by spectrophotometry and transwell chambers.Results LMPAB showed no cytotoxic effect on HT-29 cells and HUVECs. LMPAB could significantly decrease HT-29 adhesion and transmigration through HUVECs.Conclusion LMPAB exerts the anti-tumor metastasis activity via inhibition of tumor cell adhesion and migration HUVECs.

Objective To evaluate retrospectively the image quality and detection of nodules with low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT)by photon detector and iterative reconstruction (IR).Methods Sixty-six patients with lung nodules underwent routine LDCT with image reconstruction using filtered back projection (FBP).These patients were followed up by LDCT with photon detector 6 months later with image reconstruction using FBP and SAFIRE.Image quality and detection rate of the nodules were compared among groups including routine LDCT,photon decector+FBP and photon Decector+IR groups.Results Noise was decreased and SNR was increased in turn for routine LDCT,photon detector+FBP and photon detector +IR,exhibiting statistical differences (all P<0.001).The CT image quality score among routine LDCT,photon decector+ FBP and photon decector+ IR groups were increased in turn with statistical differences (χ2 =32.65,P<0.001).132 lung solid nodules (SN)were all identified in three groups with average diameter of (5.13±1.49)mm, (5.1 1±1.57)mm and (5.08±1.54)mm,respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant (P >0.05).14 ground glass nodules (GGN )in routine LDCT group and 15 in other two groups were identified with the average diameter of (6.44±1.86)mm, (7.23±1.74)mm and (7.31±1.68)mm,respectively.The ability of routine LDCT to detect the GGNs was lower than that of the others.Conclusion Photon detector and IR are able to decrease image noise,improve image quality,and increase detection rate and measurement accuracy of GGN.

Matrix isopotential synchronous fluorescence spectrometric (MISF) method combined with derivative technique has been proposed to determine two spectrally-badly-overlapped anthracene derivatives, 1-chloroanthracene and 9-bromoanthracene,simultaneously. An optimal scanning route of MISF spectra was chosen. By using the novel method, 1-chloroanthracene and 9-bromoanthracene have been determined directly and simultaneously without tedious pre-separation in its mixture.The recoveries of 1-chloroanthracene and 9-bromoanthracene for the analysis are 83.5％～94% and 90.0%～94.0% respectively and their limits of detection are 0.69μg/L and 10μg/L respectively.