Objective:To review the research hotspots and evolution of electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by knowledge mapping software.Methods:Based on web of science core collection database,we searched the literature with keywords (EEG biofeedback OR neurofeedback) AND (ADHD OR attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) in topic and time limit set before December 31,2015.319 literature were accepted,using the CiteSpace to depict the hot keywords,cited references and countries.Results:United States of America,Germany,Netherlands were top 3 countries in publishing papers of EEG biofeedback in ADHD.Based on burst of cited references,the research evolution of EEG biofeedback in ADHD could be divided into three stages.The hotspots of EEG biofeedback in ADHD were Slow Cortical Potentials protocol and double-blind placebo-controlled study.Conclusion:Future research should focus on the mechanism of EEG biofeedback and such known protocols for individualized treatment,or be designed along the lines of learning theory.

Objective To develop a new kind of high efficiency and energy efficiency viewbox for medical diagnostic image.Methods By constructing an array of many LED with super bright white light to form viewbox of arrangement reasonable and brightness symmetrical.Results Through all contrast with application in many sorts LED,different permutation and combination and controlling current,its design requirements can be achieved at last.Conclusion The surface-intensity lights and even-degree of the viewbox can satisfy the needs of medical diagnostic image and it is a new kind of high performance and energy-saving viewer.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the olfactory abilities in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), analyze the correlation between olfactory bulb (OB) volume with depth of olfactory sulcus (OS) and olfactory function in patients with AR. METHOD: One hundred patients with AR were compared with one hundred controls in terms of olfactory function T&T testing, OB volume and depth of OS assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). T&T testing and MRI were done after a year in 100 AR patients,the results were compared with the initial results. RESULT: The OB volume in AR patients was (29.53±3.95) mm3 on the left, (29.67±14.21)mm3 on the right, (29.61±4.05) mm3 on average; The OB volume in controls was (48.93±6.73)mm3 on the left side, (48.81±7.43)mm3 on the right side, (48.85±7.11)mm3 on average; The OB volume in AR patients was less then the control group(t= 6.321, 6.141, 6.221, P<0.01). The OS depth had no statistical difference between AR patients and controls (t=1.032, 0.972, 0.991, P>0.05). Olfactory discriminate threshold was negatively correlated with OB volume in AR patients (r=-0.46, P<0.05); and it was no correlated with depth of OS (r=-0.012,P>0.05). Among 100 followed-up AR patients, 43 showed increased in OB volume and olfactory function after a year, but there was no statistical difference (t= 0. 811,0. 843, 0.826, P>0.05; Z=1.911, P>0.05) ,and the other 57 showed no significant changes of OB volume and olfactory function. CONCLUSION In AR patients, the OB volume and olfactory function decreased, but the depth of OS had no significant changes. The OB volume is correlated with olfactory function, while the depth of OS is no correlated with olfactory function. Conservative treatment had some clinical significance on the recovery of olfactory function in patients with AR.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Olfaction Disorders ; etiology ; Olfactory Bulb ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; complications ; Smell

Objective To evaluate two kinds of anterior screw fixations in the treatment of odontoid fractures. Methods A total of 36 patients with D' Alonzo type Ⅱ odontoid process fractures were treated with anterior screw fixation in our department from 1999 to July 2009. There were 28 males and 8 females at mean age of 42.3 years (rang 17-59 years). According to time and surgery procedures, the patients were divided into Group A ( from 1999 to June 2005, n = 11 ) and Group B ( from June 2005 to July 2009, n = 25 ). Patients in Group A received anterior hollow screw fixation of the odontoid process monitored under G-arm or C-arm, while those in Group B received anterior screw fixation of the odontoid process assisted by Iso-C 3D navigation system. The operation time and blood loss in two groups were compared by Student' s t test and analyzed with SPSS 13.0 statistical software. X-ray examination was performed in all patients 3, 6 and 12 months after operation to observe fracture union and stability of the upper cervical spine. Results The operation time was ( 102 ± 12) min ( range, 77-148 min) in Group A and ( 104 ± 14) min ( range, 71-150 min) in Group B, with no statistical difference ( P =0.21 ). The blood loss was (465 ± 5) ml (range, 20-130 ml) in Group A and (42 ± 6) ml (range, 26-150 ml) inGroup B, with no statistical difference (P = 0.16). All patients received reexamination three months after operation, which showed no bony union or dislocation but average 40% restriction of neck rotation. One year after operation, 30 patients (83%) got fracture union and six ( 17% ) got fiber healing, with average 24% restriction of neck rotation. Conclusions There is no statistical significant differences between two groups in aspects of operation time, blood loss and fracture healing. But anterior screw fixation of the odontoid process assisted by Iso-C 3D navigation system can reduce exposure to radiation of both patients and surgeons. Furthermore, solid screws can be applied to augment the fixation intensity and thereby reduce the complications caused by non - union.

Objective Monitoring the thyroid hormone levels in patients before and after renal transplantation to realize the relationship between thyroid hormones and renal function.Methods Fifty-seven patients were subdivided into stabled graft function group (50 cases) and delayed graft function (DGF) group (7 cases).Thirty healthy men served as control group.Serum triiodothyronine (T3),thyroxine (T4),thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and serum creatinine (Scr) were determined respectably before transplantation and on different days after transplantation.Correlations between thyroid hormones and Scr at 10th day after transplantation were analyzed.Results Serum T3 and T4 levels before transplantation in the two groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.01).These four parameters levels had no significant difference between stabled graft function group and DGF group (P＞0.05).In stabled graft function group:T3 level was decreased obviously by 30％ in the 1st day after transplantation,which was higher than the others,elevated at the 1st week post-transplantation,reached the normal range.at the 2nd week post-operation,and higher than pre-transplantation (P ＜ 0.01) at 3rd week; T4 revealed a decrease trend after transplantation and was elevated at 10th day post-transplantation,returned to the pre-transplantation level at 3rd week; TSH had slight decrease after operation,and had no significant difference among every period in comparing with pre-transplantation; Scr revealed a decrease trend continuously and returned to the normal level at the 7th day post-transplantation.In DGF group,Hormones levels were obviously decreased as compared with stabled graft function group; T3 reached the normal range at the 3rd week post-transplantation,whereas T4 returned to pre-transplantation levels at the 30th day; TSH had a significant decrease at the 5th day,and began to increase at the 10th day post-operation; Scr retuned to the normal range at the 30th day post-operation.The correlation coefficients between Scr and T3,T4 were 0.546 and 0.423 respectively.Conclusion There is a significant correlation between thyroid hormones and renal function (T3,T4).Monitoring the thyroid hormones,specially T3,can diagnose renal function change.

In this paper, a newly-designed device is introduced, which uses non-dispersive infrared absorption technique to acquire anesthesia gas concentration signal and to perform side-stream measurement in the air way. The microcontroller is adopted to implement data acquisition, data processing and then to transmit the data to the PC screen, thus the real-time continuous invasive concentration monitoring of the anesthesia gas in the patient's respiratory air can be realized during a surgical operation.

In order to identify virulence factors of the pathogen, the outer membrane proteins of virulent and avirulent strains of Riemerella anatipestifer were compared by a proteome analysis. Three protein spots differentially expressed between the two strains were observed by 2-DE gels, and were further analyzed using in gel tryptic digestion and peptide mass fingerprinting. Three proteins were identified. W1 was Hsp20, W2 and W3 were transposon. Although the exact role of these proteins has not been characterized, the exclusive expression in virulent strain may indicate that they play an important role in the pathogenesis of Riemerella anatipestifer infection. Although only two virulence factors identified, it opens a path to the further analysis of virulence factors of Riemerella anatipestifer.

Objective To study the HLA-DRB1 genotupe and their relation with OBI infection.Methods HLA-DRB1 genotyping was conducted in 102 patients OBI infection and 201 health controls,by using polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT)method.The association between HLA-DRB1 genotype and OBI was also studied.Results Compared to 201 health controls,the allele frequency of HLA-DRB1 * 0405 (1.980 4％) (x2 =12.477 0,P =0.000 0,OR =16.367 3) * 0803 (4.257 3％) (x2 =30.689 8,P =0.000 0,OR =36.454 5)、* 1101 (5.545 9％) (x2 =4.471 2,P =0.034 5,OR =1.903 8)、* 1201 (1.481 6％) (x2 =8.591 9,P =0.003 4,OR =12.151 5) were markedly higher.The allele frequency of HLA-DRB1 * 0701(2.230 8％) (x2 =5.585 5,P=0.018 1,OR=0.417 7)、* 1301 (0.245 4％) (x2 =4.513 7,P=0.033 6,OR=0.147 4) 、* 1302(0.491 4％) (x2=11.369 1,P=0.000 7,OR=0.000 0) 、* 1312(0.245 4％) (x2 =5.0198,P=0.025 1,OR=0.136 5) 、* 1501(4.257 3％) (x2=10.763 1,P=0.001 0,OR=0.000 0)was obviously lower than than in HBV patients.Conclusion HLA-DRB1 * 0701、* 1301、* 1302、* 1312、* 1501 are closely related with susceptibility to OBI,and HLA-DRB1 * 0405、* 0803、* 1101、* 1201 is closely related with resistance to OBI.

Objective To investigate and analyze the prevalence rate as well as antibiotics use in this hospital and to improve the awareness of the hospital infection administration for the medical staff .Methods The hospital infection prevalence rate in hospital and the risk factors were analyzed by prevalence survey and bed-side and case records investigation .Results In all 320 patients sur-veyed ,25 patients were diagnosed with hospital infection and the rate was 7 .81% ;27 cases of hospital infection was reported and the cases prevalence rate was 8 .44% .The main infection site was respiratory tract and it accounted for 48 .14% ,moreover ,the in-tensive care unit ,urology ,and neurology were the high incidence departments .The day of usage rate of antimicrobial drug was 62 .50% ,prevention of drug use was 46 .50% ,a kind drug use was 74 .00% ,and the two kind drug uses was 22 .00% .The positive rate of hospital infection pathogenic detection was 46 .87% .Hospital infection rate was related to the age ,urinary tract intubation , and ventilator factors .Conclusion Hospital infection administration should be strengthened to reduce invasive procedures for key depart-ments and focus groups ,meanwhile ,the rational application of antibiotics should be regulated to reduce hospital infection rates .

Objective To probe the value of varied magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) techniques applied in differential diagnosis of tuberculous pyonephrosis from hydronephrosis.Methods Features of MRI,including in T_1WI with/without enhancement,T_2WI,urology MRI and diffusion weighted image(DWI),in seven cases with tuberculous pyonephrosis and 10 cases with hydronephrosis pathologically confirmed were retrospectively analyzed.Results Regular T_1WI and T_2WI could show morphology of the whole kidney,destruction of renal parenchyma and empyema.T_1WI with enhancement could manifest abnormally reinforced walls of pyoid cavity,renal pelvis and calyx and ureter.Urology MRI could show morphology of the whole urinary passage with pathological changes more clearly.Accuracy of these techniques was 84.7%.DWI had the advantage of analyzing diffusion image and ADC map to understand diffusion features of water molecule,and of quantitating ADC value to differentiate tuberculous pyonephrosis from hydronephrosis,with an accuracy of 91.2% combining with DWI and other methods.Conclusion Combined application of varied MRI techniques should be highlighted in differentiation of tuberculous pyonephrosis and hydronephrosis with a higher accuracy of diagnosis.