Objective:To review the research hotspots and evolution of electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by knowledge mapping software.Methods:Based on web of science core collection database,we searched the literature with keywords (EEG biofeedback OR neurofeedback) AND (ADHD OR attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) in topic and time limit set before December 31,2015.319 literature were accepted,using the CiteSpace to depict the hot keywords,cited references and countries.Results:United States of America,Germany,Netherlands were top 3 countries in publishing papers of EEG biofeedback in ADHD.Based on burst of cited references,the research evolution of EEG biofeedback in ADHD could be divided into three stages.The hotspots of EEG biofeedback in ADHD were Slow Cortical Potentials protocol and double-blind placebo-controlled study.Conclusion:Future research should focus on the mechanism of EEG biofeedback and such known protocols for individualized treatment,or be designed along the lines of learning theory.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the olfactory abilities in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), analyze the correlation between olfactory bulb (OB) volume with depth of olfactory sulcus (OS) and olfactory function in patients with AR. METHOD: One hundred patients with AR were compared with one hundred controls in terms of olfactory function T&T testing, OB volume and depth of OS assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). T&T testing and MRI were done after a year in 100 AR patients,the results were compared with the initial results. RESULT: The OB volume in AR patients was (29.53±3.95) mm3 on the left, (29.67±14.21)mm3 on the right, (29.61±4.05) mm3 on average; The OB volume in controls was (48.93±6.73)mm3 on the left side, (48.81±7.43)mm3 on the right side, (48.85±7.11)mm3 on average; The OB volume in AR patients was less then the control group(t= 6.321, 6.141, 6.221, P<0.01). The OS depth had no statistical difference between AR patients and controls (t=1.032, 0.972, 0.991, P>0.05). Olfactory discriminate threshold was negatively correlated with OB volume in AR patients (r=-0.46, P<0.05); and it was no correlated with depth of OS (r=-0.012,P>0.05). Among 100 followed-up AR patients, 43 showed increased in OB volume and olfactory function after a year, but there was no statistical difference (t= 0. 811,0. 843, 0.826, P>0.05; Z=1.911, P>0.05) ,and the other 57 showed no significant changes of OB volume and olfactory function. CONCLUSION In AR patients, the OB volume and olfactory function decreased, but the depth of OS had no significant changes. The OB volume is correlated with olfactory function, while the depth of OS is no correlated with olfactory function. Conservative treatment had some clinical significance on the recovery of olfactory function in patients with AR.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Olfaction Disorders ; etiology ; Olfactory Bulb ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; complications ; Smell

Objective To develop a new kind of high efficiency and energy efficiency viewbox for medical diagnostic image.Methods By constructing an array of many LED with super bright white light to form viewbox of arrangement reasonable and brightness symmetrical.Results Through all contrast with application in many sorts LED,different permutation and combination and controlling current,its design requirements can be achieved at last.Conclusion The surface-intensity lights and even-degree of the viewbox can satisfy the needs of medical diagnostic image and it is a new kind of high performance and energy-saving viewer.

Objective Monitoring the thyroid hormone levels in patients before and after renal transplantation to realize the relationship between thyroid hormones and renal function.Methods Fifty-seven patients were subdivided into stabled graft function group (50 cases) and delayed graft function (DGF) group (7 cases).Thirty healthy men served as control group.Serum triiodothyronine (T3),thyroxine (T4),thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and serum creatinine (Scr) were determined respectably before transplantation and on different days after transplantation.Correlations between thyroid hormones and Scr at 10th day after transplantation were analyzed.Results Serum T3 and T4 levels before transplantation in the two groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.01).These four parameters levels had no significant difference between stabled graft function group and DGF group (P＞0.05).In stabled graft function group:T3 level was decreased obviously by 30％ in the 1st day after transplantation,which was higher than the others,elevated at the 1st week post-transplantation,reached the normal range.at the 2nd week post-operation,and higher than pre-transplantation (P ＜ 0.01) at 3rd week; T4 revealed a decrease trend after transplantation and was elevated at 10th day post-transplantation,returned to the pre-transplantation level at 3rd week; TSH had slight decrease after operation,and had no significant difference among every period in comparing with pre-transplantation; Scr revealed a decrease trend continuously and returned to the normal level at the 7th day post-transplantation.In DGF group,Hormones levels were obviously decreased as compared with stabled graft function group; T3 reached the normal range at the 3rd week post-transplantation,whereas T4 returned to pre-transplantation levels at the 30th day; TSH had a significant decrease at the 5th day,and began to increase at the 10th day post-operation; Scr retuned to the normal range at the 30th day post-operation.The correlation coefficients between Scr and T3,T4 were 0.546 and 0.423 respectively.Conclusion There is a significant correlation between thyroid hormones and renal function (T3,T4).Monitoring the thyroid hormones,specially T3,can diagnose renal function change.

Objective To evaluate two kinds of anterior screw fixations in the treatment of odontoid fractures. Methods A total of 36 patients with D' Alonzo type Ⅱ odontoid process fractures were treated with anterior screw fixation in our department from 1999 to July 2009. There were 28 males and 8 females at mean age of 42.3 years (rang 17-59 years). According to time and surgery procedures, the patients were divided into Group A ( from 1999 to June 2005, n = 11 ) and Group B ( from June 2005 to July 2009, n = 25 ). Patients in Group A received anterior hollow screw fixation of the odontoid process monitored under G-arm or C-arm, while those in Group B received anterior screw fixation of the odontoid process assisted by Iso-C 3D navigation system. The operation time and blood loss in two groups were compared by Student' s t test and analyzed with SPSS 13.0 statistical software. X-ray examination was performed in all patients 3, 6 and 12 months after operation to observe fracture union and stability of the upper cervical spine. Results The operation time was ( 102 ± 12) min ( range, 77-148 min) in Group A and ( 104 ± 14) min ( range, 71-150 min) in Group B, with no statistical difference ( P =0.21 ). The blood loss was (465 ± 5) ml (range, 20-130 ml) in Group A and (42 ± 6) ml (range, 26-150 ml) inGroup B, with no statistical difference (P = 0.16). All patients received reexamination three months after operation, which showed no bony union or dislocation but average 40% restriction of neck rotation. One year after operation, 30 patients (83%) got fracture union and six ( 17% ) got fiber healing, with average 24% restriction of neck rotation. Conclusions There is no statistical significant differences between two groups in aspects of operation time, blood loss and fracture healing. But anterior screw fixation of the odontoid process assisted by Iso-C 3D navigation system can reduce exposure to radiation of both patients and surgeons. Furthermore, solid screws can be applied to augment the fixation intensity and thereby reduce the complications caused by non - union.

Objective To observe the effect of intravenous pre-injection of neostigmine on cardiovascular response(CVR) caused by neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES) in selective posterior rhizotomy(SPR) for patients with cerebral palsy.Methods 56 patients with cerebral palsy undergoing SPR at lumbarsacral segments under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to 2 groups: intravenous neostigmine 0.04 mg/kg(no more than 1 mg in total) and intravenous atropine 0.02 mg/kg(no more than 0.5 mg in total) 5 min before NMES in group N,and intravenous normal saline 0.12 ml/kg instead in group C.The systolic blood pressure(SBP) and heart rate(HR) at following time points: before skin incision(T1),before intravenous neostigmine/atropine or normal saline injection(T2),1 min after NMES(T3),and 10 min after NMES(T4).Results SBP and HR at T3 in group N were significantly lower than those in group C(P<0.01).No significant difference was found at T1,T2 and T4 between two groups(P>0.05).Cases who needed extra dose of fentanyl during NMES in group N were significantly lower than those in group C(P<0.01).Conclusion Intravenous pre-injection of neostigmine before NMES can effectively decrease the CVR caused by NMES.

Objective To observe the effect of ropivacaine in infiltration anesthesia before the end of surgical procedures for postoperative analgesia on patients with spinal cord injury. Methods 60 patients with spinal cord injury undergoing internal fixation of spine fractures under combined general anesthesia were assigned in 3 groups, who received 0.25% ropivacaine in infiltration anesthesia (group RL, n=20),0.5% ropivacaine in infiltration anesthesia (group RM, n=20), or no infiltration anesthesia (group C, n=20) before the end of surgical procedures.The time for post-anesthesia recovery (PART), agitation score (AS), and Visual Analogue Score (VAS) for pain 2 h, 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h post operation were recorded, and related side effects were observed. Results AS within 6 h postoperation was significantly less in group RL and RM than in group C (P<0.05), as well as VAS, PART, mean of arterial pressure and heart rate 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h post operative (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in side effects including postoperative nausea and vomiting, and pruritus among these groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Ropivacaine in infiltration anesthesia would provide better postoperative analgesia, decrease the incidence of postoperative agitation, and increase the safety of patients with spinal cord injury in the postoperative period.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of CD28 expression on peripheral blood T lymphocytes in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods Flow cytometry and tri-color direct immunofluorescence were used to examine CD3 + T lymphocyte subsets and CD28 expression in whole blood (using the no-wash method) from 36 children with JIA.Results During the active phase of disease,the frequency of CD28 + expression on both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the peripheral blood of children with JIA was significantly lower than in normal controls (P ＜ 0.01).The frequency of CD4 + CD28-T cells in the peripheral blood of children with JIA was significantly higher than in normal controls (P ＜ 0.01).CD4 + T cell counts in the peripheral blood of children with JIA,which were mostly of the CD4 + CD28-T cell subtype,were significantly higher than in normal controls (P ＜ 0.01),whereas the CD8 + T cell count was significantly reduced (P ＜0.01).During the resting phase,CD4 +/CD8 + T cell counts and CD28 expression in the peripheral blood of children with JIA were significantly different from normal controls (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The frequency of CD4 + CD28-T cells can be used as an indicator of the active phase of JIA.CD4 + T cell and CD4+ CD28-T cell apoptosis was inhibited in JIA patients.These immune-active T lymphocytes with continued survival can promote the occurrence and development of JIA.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare lornoxicam chitosan gel and to study its quality control method. METHODS: Lornoxicam chitosan gel was prepared with chitosan as excipient. The content of lornoxicam was determined by HPLC. The stability of the preparation was studied by accelerated test and centrifugation. RESULTS: The prepared gel was well-spread, with linear range at 12.5～125.0?g?mL-1 and average recovery at 100.02%(RSD=1.18%). The indexes of stability all met the standard. CONCLUSION: The preparing technology of lornoxicam chitosan gel is simple, and its quality is stable reliable.

OBJECTIVE To explore the curative effect of Eucalyptol on the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). METHODS CRS patients were randomly divided into treatment group (conventional medications plus Eeucalyptol) and control group (conventional medications). The therapeutic effect of Eucalyptol were objectively and subjectively evaluated after treatment. RESULTS Evaluation at 3, 6 and 12 month after treatment, we found that the curative effect of the treatment group was better than that of the control group. There was a significant difference. CONCLUSION Eucalyptol as a kind of mucus dissolving medication, it has good treatment effect for CRS and is worth popularizing.