Objective To research the relationship between the serum level of cystatin C (CysC),N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and the cardiovascular (CV) events in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients,looking for a new and effective biological prediction method for cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods According to the excluded criteria and included criteria,a total of 126 patients [male 67(53.2％),female 59 (46.8％)] were included in this study,screening out of 452 MHD patients from 3 blood purification centre,no secondary hyperparathyroidism,blood pressure controlled,hemoglobin standard,no lipid abnormalities,and without history of coronary heart disease,heart failure and arrhythmia.Participants adopted 3 dialysis treatment,including hemodialysis,hemoperfusion and hemodiafiltration.Every 3 months before the dialysis,the Cys-C,NT-proBNP,serum phosphorus,serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH),hemoglobin and electrocardiogram were detected.The heartbeat ultrasound was examined every 6 months,observed for 24 months and followed up for 3 years,recording the incidence and the inspection results.The correlation and the occurrence of CVD were analyzed by conducting a multiple factor logistic regression analysis.The forecast performance of Cys-C,NT-proBNP was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under curves (AUC).Results Eighteen episodes of CV events occurred in 126 patients during the experiment and follow-up,including 8 episodes of heart failure,4 episodes of myocardial infarction,6 episodes of arrhythmia.Detection indexes had no statistically significant correlation (P ＞ 0.05),and the results of ECG and ultrasound heartbeat graph showed that no significant difference in cardiac structure and function before treatment (P ＞ 0.05).After 24 months duration,the research showed that the level of serum calcemia was lower,and the levels of phosphorus and iPTH were higher in hemodialysis group compared with that in the other 2 groups,and the differences had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).The median levels of Cys-C and NT-proBNP were 8.59 (9.74,7.10) mg/L and 7 739 (9 887,6 736) ng/L in the patients CV events occurred.Non conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the increasing interdialytic weight,Cys-C,NT-proBNP,iPTH,dialysis hypotension were the independent risk factors of CV occurrence.AUCs to predict CVD occurrence in MHD patients was 0.64 (95％CI 0.53-0.71,P ＜ 0.05) and 0.79 (95％CI 0.72-0.89,P＜ 0.01) using Cys-C and NT-proBNP respectively.The cut-off values of serum Cys-C and NT-proBNP for CVD occurrence were 8.59 mg/L and 7 739 ng/L,with a sensitivity of 84.3％ and a specificity of 92.7％.Conclusions Cys-C,NT-proBNP can be used to predict the risk of CV events in dialysis patients.

Objective To investigate the role of AcrAB-TolC efflux pump in fluoroquinolones resistance by Shigella. spp and to explore the significance of AcrAB-TolC efflux pump on mutation of acrR, soxS and marOR as well as on drug re?sistence. Methods Drug resistant bacteria were selected by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. After addition of efflux pump inhibitor carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), change of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)s of nilidixic acid, Levofloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin were examined. The DNA binding region of acrA, acrB, soxS, acrR and marOR gene in these mutants were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Results Among the 159 clinical isolates of Shigella,11 strains are resistant to fluoroquinolone. After the addition of CCCP, MICs of 2 fluoroquinolone resistant strains decreased; the MICs of 7 fluoroquinolone resistant strains did not change; MICs of 2 fluoroquinolone resistant strains in?creased. The corresponding nucleotides C, A, T, T on the 36th to 39th of marOR gene were missing, showing by sequencing, in fluoroquinolone resistent strains which might be regulated by the efflux pump gene AcrAB-TolC. Conclusion Efflux pump inhibitor could restrain the activity of efflux partially. The mutations of marOR might play an important role in fluoroquino?lone resistent by shigella.

Objective To explore carrying rates of class 1, class 2 integrons as well as ISCR1 in Shigella isolates and their connection with drug resistance. Methods Antibiotic sensitivities were detected by K-B disk diffusion in 159 clinical isolates. Total bacteria DNA was prepared through boiling the isolates and the DNA was then used as template for PCR am?plification. PCR, ZSCR1 and sequencing analyse of integrons were applied to all of them. Results were compared by Blast and GenBank. Results Antibiotic sensitivity results showed that in the S. flexneri strains the incidence of resistance to tet?racycline and streptomycin were 88.68%and 81.13%in the S. flexneri strains while the incidence of resistant to chloram?phenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol were both 56.60%, and the incidence of multidrug drug resistance was 77.36%. In the sonnei strains, the incidence of resistance to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazo were 97.17% and 95.28%, 83.96%and 76.42%respectively, and the incidence of multidrug resistance was 98.11%. Among all isolates, 118 were class 1 integron positive , 70 were class 2 integron positive and 89 were double positives. For those 118 isolates that are positive of class 1 integron, 23 were typical while 95 weres atypical. The gene cassettes of typical class 1 integrons contains aadA2, aa?dA1, dfrⅠ, blaoxa-10 and blaoxa-1. IntI1, aadA, blaoxa-1 and IS1 were included in the gene cassetes of the atypical class 1 integrons. Class 2 integrons positive isolates carried gene cassttes which include dfrA1, satl and aadA1. No ISCR1 was found in any isolate. Integron carriage strains were closely associated with higher rate of multiple antibiobic resistance com?pared with the organisms without integrons (90.65%,50%, P<0.05). Conlusion Class 1 and class 2 integrons were widely existence in Shigella isolates and were related to the multidrug resistance.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of different doses ambroxol hydrochloride on lung protection of patients in perioperative thoracotomy. METHODS:60 patients in perioperative thoracotomy were randomly divided into control group(30 cas-es)and observation group(30 cases). Control group received 30 mg Ambroxol hydrochloride injection from 1 week before surgery to 1 week after surgery,adding into 100 ml 0.9% Sodium chloride injection,intravenously,twice a day. Observation group re-ceived 300 mg Ambroxol hydrochloride injection from preoperative 1 week to postoperative 1 week,adding into 100 ml 0.9%Sodi-um chloride injection,intravenously,twice a day. All patients received the second-generation cephalosporin antimicrobial drugs for anti-infection after surgery. lung surfactant-associated protein A(SP-A),intercellular adhesion molecule(ICAM-1)levels preopera-tive 1 week and postoperative 1 week,and incidence of postoperative complications in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:Preop-erative 1 week,there were no significant differences in the SP-A and ICAM-1 in 2 groups(P>0.05). Postoperative 1 week,SP-A and ICAM-1 in control group and ICAM-1 in observation group were significantly higher than preoperative 1 week,but SP-A and ICAM-1 in observation group were lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),there were no significant differences in SP-A in preoperative 1 week and postoperative 1 week(P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative compli-cations in observation group was significantly lower than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). CON-CLUSIONS:The effect of high-doses ambroxol hydrochloride on lung protection of patients in perioperative thoracotomy is signifi-cantly superior to small dose,which can reduce the incidence of lung complications.

AIM: To explore the clinical value of 25 - gauge vitrectomy in the treatment of traumatized eyes with non-light perception.?METHODS:Forty-six patients (46 eyes) who diagnosed as traumatized eyes with non-light perception treated with 25-gauge vitrectomy, which collected in our hospital from July 1, 2013 to June 1, 2017. Their sex, age, residence area, traumatic nature, causes of injury, duration from the injury to intervention, location and size of the wound, visual acuity and prognosis was retrospectively studied and analyzed statistically in this study.?RESULTS: In the 46 patients, 38 were males, 8 were females (M :F= 4. 75:1). The age of the patients was between 7 and 77 years ( mean 37. 96 ± 18. 99 years). Among them, there were 26 case ( 57％) in the young group (<45 years ) , 14 case ( 30％) in the middle age group ( 45-60 years ) , 6 cases ( 13％) in the older age group (>60 years ) . The cause of injury included blunt trauma ( 18 cases, 39％) , sharp instrument injury ( 8 cases, 17％) , plant injury ( 6 cases, 13％) , explosion injury (6 cases, 13％), impact injury (4 cases, 9％), limb impact injury ( 2 cases, 4％) , traffic accident injury ( 2 cases, 4％) . There were 33 cases ( 72％) with ocular rupture, 12 cases (26％) with perforating injury of eyeball and 1 case ( 2％) with ocular contusion. There were 44 cases (96％) with vitreous hemorrhage, 30 cases (65％) with retinal detachment, 18 cases ( 39％) with intraocular foreign body (IOFB), 22 cases (48％) with cilio-choroidal detachment, 18 cases (39％) with endophthalmitis and 12 cases (26％) with retinal hemorrhage. The postoperative best-corrected visual acuity improved to light perception or better than light perception in 30 cases ( 65％) , and 16 cases (35％) still had no light perception.? CONCLUSION: The patients who had no light perception after ocular trauma were almost young and middle- aged people in rural areas. The factors that affected the visual acuity of the postoperative included the type of injury, the location and size of the wound, the retinal detachment, the cilio-choroidal detachment, the duration from the injury to intervention, the endophthalmitis and whether the merger of intraocular foreign body or not. The 25-gauge vitrectomy could make most of the visual acuity from no light perception to light perception or over the light perception, which had a high clinical value in curing traumatized eyes with no light perception.

Objective To compare and analyze the epidemiological features of adult patients with distal femoral fracture between the east and west areas in China from 2010 to 2011.Methods The data of adult patients with distal femoral fracture treated from January 2010 through December 2011 in 63 hospitals were collected through the PACS system and case reports checking system.The data from 35 hospitals in the east area were classified as group A and those from 28 hospitals in the west area as group B.The analytic items included gender,age and AO classification.Results A total of 2,523 adult distal femoral fractures were collected,involving i,544 males and 979 females,with a male to female ratio of 1.58:1.The adult femoral fractures predominated in an age range from 41 to 50 years (18.94％) and their high-risk type was 33-A (50.18％).In group A of 1,650 cases,there were 1,027 males and 623 females,with a male to female ratio of 1.65:1 and a median age of 48 years;in group B of 873 cases,there were 517 males and 356 females,with a male to female ratio of 1.45:1 and a median age of 45 years.There were no significant differences in the age distribution and gender proportion between groups A and B (P ＞ 0.05).The age distribution showed that the peak ranges were from 31 to 60 years in both groups.The proportion of type 33-A was the most and that of type 33-B the least in both groups.The proportion of type 33-A in group B (53.49％) was significantly higher than in group A (48.42％) while that of type 33-B in group B (16.84％) was significantly lower than in group A (21.39％) (P ＜ O.05).Conclusions Adult distal femoral fractures were common in middle-aged males and their high-risk type was 33-A.Their peak age was from 31 to 60 years in both east and west areas in China.They were more common in men.The predominant fracture type was 33-A in both areas.The east area witnessed a significant higher proportion of type 33-B and a significant lower proportion of type 33-A than the west area.

BACKGROUNDUnstable pelvic fractures are complex and serious injuries. Selection of a fixation method for these fractures remains a challenging problem for orthopedic surgeons. This study aimed to compare the stability of Tile C pelvic fractures fixed with two iliosacral (IS) screws and minimally invasive adjustable plate (MIAP) combined with one IS screw.

METHODSThis study was a biomechanical experiment. Six embalmed specimens of the adult pelvis were used. The soft tissue was removed from the specimens, and the spines from the fourth lumbar vertebra to the proximal one-third of both femurs were retained. The pubic symphysis, bilateral sacroiliac joints and ligaments, bilateral hip joints, bilateral sacrotuberous ligaments, and bilateral sacrospinous ligaments were intact. Tile C pelvic fractures were made on the specimens. The symphysis pubis was fixed with a plate, and the fracture on the posterior pelvic ring was fixed with two kinds of internal fixation in turn. The specimens were placed in a biomechanical machine at a standing neutral posture. A cyclic vertical load of up to 500 N was applied, and displacement was recorded. Shifts in the fracture gap were measured by a grating displacement sensor.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USEDPaired-samples t-test.

RESULTSUnder the vertical load of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 N, the average displacement of the specimens fixed with MIAP combined with one IS screw was 0.46, 0.735, 1.377, 1.823, and 2.215 mm, respectively, which was significantly lower than that of specimens fixed with two IS screws under corresponding load (P < 0.05). Under the vertical load of 500 N, the shift in the fracture gap of specimens fixed with MIAP combined with one IS screw was 0.261 ± 0.095 mm, and that of specimens fixed with two IS screws was 0.809 ± 0.170 mm. The difference was significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe stability of Tile C pelvic fractures fixed with MIAP combined with one IS screw was better than that fixed with two IS screws.

Adult ; Bone Screws ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Bones ; surgery

BACKGROUNDAtopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by defective skin barrier and imbalance in T helper 1/T helper 2 (Th1/Th2) cytokine expression. Filaggrin (FLG) is the key protein to maintaining skin barrier function. Recent studies indicated that Th1/Th2 cytokines influence FLG expression in keratinocytes. However, the role of Th1/Th2 cytokines on FLG processing is not substantially documented. Our aim was to investigate the impact of Th1/Th2 cytokines on FLG processing.

METHODSHaCaT cells and normal human keratinocytes were cultured in low and high calcium media and stimulated by either interleukin (IL)-4, 13 or interferon-γ (IFN-γ). FLG, its major processing proteases and key protease inhibitor lymphoepithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor (LEKTI) were measured by both real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Their expression was also evaluated in acute and chronic AD lesions by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSIL-4/13 significantly reduced, while IFN-γ significantly up-regulated FLG expression. IL-4/13 significantly increased, whereas IFN-γ significantly decreased the expression of kallikreins 5 and 7, matriptase and channel-activating serine protease 1. On the contrary, IL-4/13 significantly decreased, while IFN-γ increased the expression of LEKTI and caspase-14. Similar trends were observed in AD lesions.

CONCLUSIONSOur results suggested that Th1/Th2 cytokines differentially regulated the expression of major FLG processing enzymes. The imbalance between Th1 and Th2 polarized immune response seems to extend to FLG homeostasis, through the network of FLG processing enzymes.

Caspase 14 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-13 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Intermediate Filament Proteins ; metabolism ; Keratinocytes ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory ; metabolism ; Serine Peptidase Inhibitor Kazal-Type 5 ; Th1 Cells ; metabolism ; Th2 Cells ; metabolism

[ Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of preoperative three-dimensional radiotherapy (3DRT) with or without concurrent chemotherapy for esophageal carcinoma.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 103 esophageal carcinoma patients who received preoperative 3DRT with or without concurrent chemotherapy from 2004 to 2014 in Cancer Hospital CAMS.The median radiation dose was 40 Gy, and the TP or PF regimen was adopted for concurrent chemotherapy if needed.The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival ( DFS) were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the survival difference and univariate prognostic analyses were performed by the log-rank test.The Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results The number of patients followed at 3-years was 54.The 3-year OS and DFS rates were 61.1% and 54.9%, respectively, for all patients.There were no significant differences between the 3DRT and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) groups as to OS (P=0.876) and DFS (P=0.521).The rates of complete, partial, and minimal pathologic responses of the primary tumor were 48.0%, 40.2%, and 11.8%, respectively.There were significant differences in OS and DFS between the complete, partial, and minimal pathologic response groups (P=0.037 and 0.003). No significant difference in pathologic response rate was found between the 3DRT and CCRT groups (P=0.953).The lymph node metastasis rate was 26.5%, and this rate for the complete, partial, and minimal pathologic response groups was 14%, 30%, and 67%, respectively, with a significant difference between the three groups (P=0.001).The OS and DFS were significantly higher in patients without lymph node metastasis than in those with lymph node metastasis (P=0.034 and 0.020).The surgery-related mortality was 7.8% in all patients.Compared with the 3DRT group, the CCRT group had significantly higher incidence rates of leukopenia (P=0.002), neutropenia (P=0.023), radiation esophagitis (P=0.008), and radiation esophagitis ( P=0.023).Pathologic response of the primary tumor and weight loss before treatment were independent prognostic factors for OS and DFS (P=0.030,0.024 and P=0.003,0.042). Conclusions Preoperative 3DRT alone or with concurrent chemotherapy can result in a relatively high complete pathologic response rate, hence increasing the survival rate.Further randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm whether preoperative CCRT is better than 3DRT in improving survival without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.