Objective:To detect serum levels of placenta growth factor(PIGF)throughout normal pregnancy and in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH)as well as to explore the relationship between P1GF and pathogenesis of PIH. Methods: Serum specimens were collected from 51 healthy pregnant women as a control group and 33 women suffered from PIH as third trimester of normal pregnancy(P＜0.001).There was a trend that serum levels of P1GF in PIH group decreased with the severity of PIH(P＜0.001).Conclusion:PlGF play important roles in placental angiogenesis throughout pregnancy, and decreased serum levels of PlGF is associated with PIH.

Animals ; Forecasting ; Herpesvirus 2, Gallid ; genetics ; physiology ; Marek Disease ; genetics ; metabolism ; virology ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism

Informed consent right is not just for basic ethical consideration, but is important for protecting patient's right by law, which is expressed through informed consent contract. The appraised individuals of forensic clinical examination have the similar legal status as the patients in medical system. However, the law does not require informed consent right for the appraised individuals. I recommend giving certain informed consent right to the appraised individuals in the forensic clinical examination. Under the contracted relationship with the institution, the appraised individuals could participate in the examination process, know the necessary information, and make a selected consent on the examination results, which can assure the justice and fairness of judicial examination procedure.
Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Patient Participation

Objective To investigate the kinetic changes of inflammatory cell infiltration and thyroid autoantibodies in the development of iodine-induced autoimmune thyroiditis in NOD.H-2~(h4)mice.Methods Either 128 five-week-old NOD.H-2~(h4)mice or 128 Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups,and received plain water or water containing 0.05% sodium iodide.At the time points of 1,2,4,8,12,16,and 24 week after receiving iodinated water,mice were anesthetized by diethyl ether and bled from eye socket vein,and their thyroid glands were collected.Indirect ELISA method was used to measure the levels of serum thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb)and thyroid hormone.After being fixed with paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin,thyroid sections were stained with HE and used for morphometrieal analysis.Results In the iodine treated group of NOD.H-2~(h4) mice,autoimmune thyroiditis was observed as early as 1 week after they began receiving indinated water.The prevalence as well as the degree of autoimmune thyroiditis reached the maximum at 12 weeks and remained until 24 weeks.Serum TgAb level increased after 8 weeks of iodine ingestion in NOD.H-2~(h4) mice,then increased steadily throughout the 24 weeks of experiment.On the contrary,serum TgAb was not increased in the control group of Kunming mice.Conclusion Iodine may induce and exacerbate lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid in genetically susceptible NOD.H-2~(h4) mice,and serum TgAb is just a marker of autoimmune thyroiditis.

Objective To explore the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in nurse of reproductive age and compare the characteristics of four phenotypic subgroups.Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out in nurses aged 18-45 years in Renji Hospital in 2011.Questionnaire and anthropometric and biochemical assessments were made.Pelvic ultrasound evaluations were made and blood androgen levels were determined.Diagnosis of PCOS was based on Rotterdam 2003 criteria,consisting of anovulation/oligo-ovulation (ANOVU),clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism (HA) and polycystic ovaries (PCO).Results There were 520 participants and finally 486 individuals finished questionnaire and androgen level determination.283 subjects were totally normal,48 suffered from PCO,129 HA,and 89 ANOVU.54 out of 486 women were diagnosed as PCOS,a prevalence of 11.1％.A significant difference exited only in age among four phenotypic subgroups (P＜0.05).There was no statistic difference in other parameters.Conclusion Establishing an explicit definition of each condition in PCOS criteria has important investigational implications and increase the comparability of published researches.Application of Rotterdam criteria is feasible for earlier diagnosis and timely intervention in order to prevent serious complications.

After more than 20 years of mandatory salt iodination program, what changes have taken place in the spectrum and prevalence of thyroid diseases? Recent national survey data show that the prevalence of most thyroid diseases(including clinical hyperthyroidism,subclinical hyperthyroidism, clinical hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis, and goiter) has not increased compared with the results of the 1999 survey. Only the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid nodules increased.The increase of subclinical hypothyroidism is related to the increase of TSH reference value. No increased thyroid nodules have been found to be associated with increased iodine intake.Thyroid cancer rates have risen sharply, but increased iodine intake cannot be blamed. Studies have shown that iodine deficiency poses a greater risk of thyroid disease than excess iodine.The policy of iodizing salt should be continued.

OBJECTIVETo assess the relationships between iodine biological exposure and subclinical thyroid dysfunctions.

METHODSThe cross-sectional survey was performed to obtain the epidemiologic data of population in three communities with different iodine biological exposure: mild iodine deficiency [median urinary iodine concentration (MUI) of 50-99 microg/L], more than adequate iodine intake (MUI of 200-299 microg/L), and excessive iodine intake (MUI over 300 microg/L). Univariate and multivariate analysis (logistic regression analysis) were used to analyze the risk factors of subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism.

RESULTSLogistic regression analysis with sex and age controlled suggested that more than adequate iodine intake (OR = 3.172, P = 0.0004) and excessive iodine intake (OR = 6.391, P = 0.0001) increased the risk of subclinical hypothyroidism, while excessive iodine intake decreased the risk of subclinical hyperthyroidism (OR = 0.218, P = 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis including interaction of iodine intake and antibodies [thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb)] suggested that excessive iodine intake was an independent risk factor of subclinical hypothyroidism (OR = 6.360, P = 0.0001), but independent protect factor of subclinical hyperthyroidism (OR = 0.193, P = 0.0001). More than adequate iodine intake and it's interaction with TgAb increased the risk of subclinical hypothyroidism independently, in addition, it decreased the risk of subclinical hyperthyroidism at the present of TPOAb.

CONCLUSIONBoth excessive iodine intake and more than adequate iodine intake could increase risk of subclinical hypothyroidism, supplement of iodine should be controlled to ensure MUI within the safe range.

Adult ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; chemically induced ; epidemiology ; metabolism ; Hypothyroidism ; chemically induced ; epidemiology ; metabolism ; Iodide Peroxidase ; immunology ; Iodine ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; urine ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Thyroglobulin ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo assess the potential impact of warming climate in winter to the scale and severity of schistosomiasis epidemics in China.

METHODSBased on the data of mean temperature and monthly minimum temperature in January from 126 (out of 733) weather observation stations in China, the trend and oscillation amplitude was analyzed. The impact of warming climate in winter to the scale of schistosomiasis spreading was assessed, using the indices of 0 degrees C mean temperature and -4 degrees C mean monthly minimum temperature in January. Correlation between these two indices was analyzed.

RESULTSEvidences showed the warming climate in winter was seen all over China with the mean monthly minimum temperature and the mean temperature in January had increased 1.3 degrees C and 0.9 degrees C since 1986. The contours of mean monthly minimum temperature -4 degrees C and mean temperature 0 degrees C in January moved 1 - 2 latitudes northward.

CONCLUSIONThe warming climate phenomenon seen in winter was considered favorable to the living of snails in winter, resulting in the possible increase of northward spreading of snails.Thus, monitoring of snails should be paid special attention.

Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Climate ; Disease Reservoirs ; Female ; Health Education ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Schistosoma japonicum ; physiology ; Schistosomiasis japonica ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Seasons ; Snails ; parasitology ; physiology ; Temperature

OBJECTIVEImpact of climate warming in winter on the potential epidemics of dengue fever in Hainan was assessed.

METHODSBased on historic data of mean monthly temperature in January from 8 weather observation stations, tendency and amplitude of variation were analyzed. Using 21 degrees C as lowest limit of temperature suitable for dengue fever transmission, impact caused by climate warming on dengue fever epidemic was estimated by means of geography information system (GIS), insect vector and epidemiological features.

RESULTSTemperature in winter in Hainan province had shown an obvious increase. The maximum amplitude of increase appeared in Dongfang which was 1.4 degrees C and the minimum 0.5 degrees C in Shanhudao, but the increase amplitude in the other stations was varied from 0.7 to 1.3 degrees C. By the year of 2050, 21 degrees C contour will have moved 190 km or so northward, nearly spanned 6/7 of distance from south to north in Hainan province and under the condition of daily fraction surviving of Aedes aegypti as P = 0.89, Qionghai city which stands north in Hainan province will probably have become epidemic area of dengue fever all year round.

CONCLUSIONClimate warming in winter will probably make half or more of the areas in Hainan province with temperature that permitting transmission of dengue fever by 2050. Monitoring and prevention of dengue fever in winter should be emphasized.

Aedes ; physiology ; virology ; Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Climate ; Dengue ; epidemiology ; Dengue Virus ; isolation & purification ; Geographic Information Systems ; Humans ; Insect Vectors ; virology ; Seasons ; Temperature

The pathogenicity of a field isolate of Marek's disease virus (MDV) named GXY2 integrated with retroviral long terminal repeat (LTR) sequence from a chicken with MD tumors was evaluated. Experimental chickens were divided into group A, B, C, D and E. The later four groups were vaccinated on one-day-old with CVI988/Rispens for group B and D, with HVT for group C and E, while group A was taken as no-vaccinated control. On 8-day-old, group A, B and C were challenged with GXY2 by intra-abdominal injection, group D and E were kept as un-challenged control. All the birds were raised routinely until 82 days post-challenge (PC), died birds during the experiment and the slaughtered birds at the end of the experiment were necropsied and examined for gross lesions of MD and further confirmed by a developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based differential diagnosis technique for avian neoplastic diseases. The results showed that time of onset of MD death of group A, B and C were PC 25, 77 and 29 days with the incidences of visible MD visceral tumors. On PC 82 days, tumor incidences and mortalities of group A, B and C were 72%, 34.8% and 50%, 84%, 21.7% and 20%, respectively. The vaccination protection of CVI988/Rispense and HVT were 51.67% and 30.56% respectively. Among all the visceral organs, heart had the highest tumor incidences (23.5%), and then followed by liver (14.7%) and gizzard (10.3%). The weight-gain of unvaccinated birds was significantly depressed and severe dystrophy of thymus and bursa of Fabricius were also found. The results of the study demonstrated that isolate GXY2 possessed the ability of causing acute tumors and overcoming the protection of the vaccinations of either CVI988/Rispense or HVT.
Animals ; Chickens ; Mardivirus ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Marek Disease ; pathology ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retroviridae ; genetics ; Terminal Repeat Sequences ; genetics