Objective To measure the normal macular thickness of the healthy people with the optical coherence tomography (OCT), and analyse the difference among the left eye and right eye, male and female, and the different age. Methods The macular thickness of 80 healthy people were measured with OCT and analyzed statistically. Results and Conclusion The thickness of fovea was (173±13) μm, 95% reference value 148～198 μm. The thickness of region 1 mm arround fovea was (193±13) μm, 95% reference value 168～218 μm. There was no significant difference among left and right eye, male and female, and different age. The thickness of inner ring is thicker than that of outer ring. The thickness of nasal is thicker than that of the temporal side.

Objective To investigate the effect of clemastine fumarate on lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits.Methods Fifty New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes,weighing 2.0-3.0 kg,were divided into 3 groups using a random number table:sham operation group (Sham group,n =10),I/R group (n =20) and clemastine fumarate group (Cle group,n =20).The model of lung I/R was established by clamping the left hilum of lung and decreasing the tidal volume followed by restoration of perfusion and ventilation 1 h later in I/R and Cle groups.At 3 h of ventilation in group Sham and 2 and 4 h of reperfusion in I/R and Cle groups,blood samples were collected for determination of serum tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The left lung was lavaged,and the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was colleted for determination of white blood cell count.Lung specimens were obtained for microscopic examination of the ultrastructure of lung tissues and for determination of wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio),expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA (by real-time polymerase chain reaction) and cell apoptosis (by TUNEL).The apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with Sham group,the W/D ratio,white blood cell count in BALF,serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-8 and apoptosis rate were significantly increased,and the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA was up-regulated in I/R and Cle groups (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Compared with I/R group,the W/D ratio,white blood cell count in BALF,serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-8 and apoptosis rate were significantly decreased,and the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA was down-regulated in Cle group (P＜0.05 or 0.01).The pathological changes of lung tissues were significantly attenuated in Cle group than in I/R group.Conclusion Clemastine fumarate can attenuate lung I/R injury in rabbits.

Objective To study the pathological and ultramicrostructural characteristics of organ tissues in relation to the clinical course of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Methods Post-mortem tissue samples of organs (lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, stomach ) were obtained by needle biopsy from four SARS patients who died in middle and late stages 3-5 weeks after the onset of the disease. The pathological samples were studied by light and electron microscope, immunohistochemistry, histochemistry and indirect immuno-fluorescent antibody test. Results The main pathological features were early interstitial pulmonary fibrosis or organizing pneumonia. Fibroblasts were increased in the interalveoli septa and young connective tissue was found to fill the alveoli. Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) with alveolar pneumocytes proliferation and an increase in macrophages were found. Desquamative alveolitis also existed at the same time. Squamous metaplasia and syncytial giant cells with multinuclei could be seen. CD3 + and CD20 + lymphocytes were markedly decreased and CD68 + macrophages and S-100 + dendritic cells increased in spleen. Proliferation of bone marrow cells became restrained . Hepatocytes were vacuolated with fatty degeneration. Electron microscopy showed the presence of coronavirus-like particles 80-60nm in diameter enveloped in the cytoplasm of the type Ⅱ pneumocytes, endothelial cells and lymphocytes. Conclusions A novel coronavirus is the cause of the newly recognized severe acute respiratory syndrom (SARS). The main target organs are lung and immune system. Different pulmonary pathological features were found in patients dying from the disease in different stages. All of specimens showed positive reaction of SARS-fluorescence antibody.

Objective To explore the reparative effect of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein(BPI) on the damaged mucosa of rats with otitis media with effusion (OME),and state the pathogenesis of OME.Methods Wistar rats(40 ears) were randomly divided into six groups:normal control group (n=4),BPI control group(n=4),eustachian tube obstruction (ETO) group (n=8),lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection group (n=8),ETO+LPS group (n=8),ETO+LPS+BPI group (n=8).The experimental OME model was made through eustachian tube obstruction and LPS injection.The rats were killed after 1,2 and 4 weeks and the changes of mucosa of middle ear were observed under light and scanning electron microscope.Results The rats in normal control group and BPI control group had the normal mucosa in the tympanic orifice of the eustachian tube.It consisted of pseudostratified ciliated cubical or columnar epithelium which contained an abundant number of ciliated cells and a few goblet cells,these were the mucociliary clearance system of the middle ear.The hypotympanum consisted of thin,squamous epithelium with few microvillus.Middle ear mucosa was obviouly thickened in LPS injection,ETO and ETO+LPS groups.An increase in goblet cells and a decrease in ciliated cells were observed in the tympanic orifice of the eustachian tube.The epithelial layer in the hypotympanum had become more pseudostratified ciliated cubical epithelium.In ETO+LPS+BPI group,there was thin squamous epithelium in the hypotympanum near normal,which was not thickened and contained few microvillus. Conclusion LPS and ETO can result in the occurrence and protracted courses of OME by mimosa's inflammatory reaction which can reduce the activity of ciliary cells and weaken the function of mucociliary clearance system.BPI could bind avidly to LPS,reduce inflammatory reaction,and break the inflammatory cycle and reestablish an effective mucocillary clearance system.The results suggest that BPI treatment is a potential effective drug for prevention and therapy of chronic OME.

Animals ; Calcium ; physiology ; Chloride Channels ; physiology ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; physiology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; physiology ; Pulmonary Artery ; cytology ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Forty-eight patients with subclinical Cushing's syndrome(SCS)were evaluated.Eleven of them underwent adrenalectomy(Group 1)and the other 37 cases did not(Group 2).Serum and urine corticosol, plasma ACTH and parameters related to metabolic syndrome(such as waist circumference,blood pressure,blood lipids and fasting plasma glucose)were measured.The data at diagnosis were compared with those during the survey.The results indicated that patients with SCS had a significantly high prevalence of metabolic syndrome.The symptoms and signs of metabolic syndrome could be improved after removing the tumor.Otherwise there is no improvement,some patients will even develop into overt Cushing's syndrome.

Objective To observe the impact of heart catheterization on blood and organ function,and create an stable animal model.Methods Ten male Wistar rats were divided into control group undergoing sham operation and experimental group undergoing improved heart catheterization(n=5 in each group).Blood samples were obtained every day from 10 rats before and after operation,and white blood cell(WBC),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine(Cr),creatine phosphokinase(CK) and lipopolysaccharide were detected.The pathomorphology of heart,liver and kidney in catheterized rats was observed on postoperative day 7.Results For the catheterized rats,blood cultures were negative of bacteria and the markers above were within normal range except for CK that recovered to normal value in 7 d,while the control rats had no obvious damage.Conclusion Heart catheterization causes no infection and organ function changes in rats.The animal model of heart catheterization for clinical pharmacological research is reliable.

AIM To study the mRNA expression of histamine H_1 receptor in hepatocarcinoma of rats. METHODS Dimethylamino-azobenzene (DAB) was used to induce hepatocarcinoma in rats. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was adopted to analyse the relative expression of histamine H_1 receptor. And the base sequence of its PCR product was detected. RESULTS The relative mRNA expression of histamine H_1 receptor was significantly decreased in hepatic carcinoma tissue, compared with that part far from cancer and control group (P

Objective To explore the proliferation of microglia in the frontal cortex,hippocampus and amygdala of the post-stroke depression (PSD) in rats.To understand the role of microglia in the pathogenesis of PSD.Methods The adult female SD rats were divided into four groups(n=5 per group):normal control group,depression group,stroke group and PSD group.In the depression group,the depression model rat were established by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) combined with separately breeding.In the stroke group,focal cerebral ischemic rat models were established with thread embolization method.In the PSD group,focal cerebral ischemic models rat were established with thread embolization method firstly,and then PSD models rat were established with comprehensive chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS) and separately breeding on this basis.After the procedure,rats were subjected to sucrose preference test and open field test.At the postoperative eighth weekend,immunofluorescence technology was used to detect the proliferation changes of OX42 positive cells in the frontal lobe,hippocampus and amygdale.Results At the 29th day after CUMS,the sucrose solution consumption ((23.8±0.8) ％),horizontal movement distance of open field test ((63.0± 1.2) cm) and vertical movement distance ((25.0± 1.0) cm) in PSD group were significantly lower than those in normal group((31.2± 1.9) ％;(69.8±2.3) cm;(31.0± 1.6) cm) and depression group((31.0±1.4) ％;(70.2±2.4) cm;(30.8± 1.1) cm) (P＜0.05).The number of OX42 positive cells of frontal lobe,hippocampus and amygdale in PSD group((20.8±2.6);(20.2±1.3);(19.8±2.6))increased significantly compared with those of normal group((7.4±2.3);(8.0± 1.6);(9.4±2.1)),depression group((8.0±2.0);(7.8 ±2.2);(9.2±1.9))and stroke group((9.6±1.1);(9.4±2.2);(10.2±2.6)) (all P＜0.05).Conclusion The number of microglia in PSD group in the emotional disorders related brain areas(the frontal lobe,hippocampus and amygdale) increases obviously and the increased expression of microglia in the emotional disorders related brain areas may be responsible for the pathogenesis of PSD.

Objective To explore the expression of the CNPase positive oligodendrocytes in the frontal cortex,hippocampus and amygdala of the post-stroke depression (PSD) model rats,and to understand the role of oligodendrocytes in the pathogenesis of PSD.Methods Healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,depression group,stroke group,and PSD group (n =5 in each group).In the stroke group,focal cerebral ischemic rat model was made with thread embolization method.In the depression group,the depression model rats were made by chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS) combined with separately breeding.In the PSD group,focal cerebral ischemic rat model was made with thread embolization method firstly,and then PSD rat model was established with comprehensive chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and separately breeding on this basis.After the procedure,rats were subjected to sucrose preference test (SPT) and open field test (OFT).Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of the CNPase positive oligodendrocytes in the frontal cortex,hippocampus and amygdala at day 29.Results On the 29th day after CUMS,comparing the sucrose solution consumption,horizontal movement distance of open field test and vertical movement distance of the each group,the depression((26.6± 1.1)％,(63.6±2.3)cm,(26.4±1.1)cm) and the PSD groups((23.8±0.8)％,(63.0± 1.2) cm,(25.0± 1.0) cm) were significantlylower than normal ((31.2± 1.9) ％,(69.8± 2.3) cm,(31.0 ± 1.6) cm) and the stroke groups ((31.0± 1.4) ％,(70.2±2.4) cm,(30.8 ± 1.1) cm) (P＜ 0.05).Comparing the expression of the CNPase positive oligodendrocytes in the frontal cortex,hippocampus and amygdala of the each group,the number of the stroke((16.60± 1.82),(14.60±1.82),(15.00±2.12)),depression((16.40±2.07),(14.80±2.17),(15.80±2.28)) and the PSD groups((12.40± 1.52),(11.20± 1.48),(10.80± 1.92)) were significantly less than that in normal group((20.40±3.51),(18.20±2.59),(19.00±2.55)),and the number of expression CNPase positive oligodendrocytes in the PSD group was significantly less than that in stroke and depression groups(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The number of the CNPase positive oligodendrocytes in PSD group in the emotional disorders related brain areas (the frontal lobe,hippocampus and amygdale) reduced obviously,and the oligodendrocytes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PSD.