Informed consent right is the basic right of patients.From the analysis on more collection of blood in scientific reasearch,we explore the restriction of informed consent right and probe into whether indirect and public profits could be the causes of restriction.With further revealment of informed consent right,we provide referenced ethical criteria for informed consent right as a scientific norm.

Adult ; Bone Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Humans ; Male ; Osteochondroma ; diagnosis ; surgery

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of preoperative concurrent radiotherapy and chemo-therapy and radical operation in the treatment of cervical cancer patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (IB -IIB).Methods 80 patients who were diagnosed locally advanced (stage IB -IIB)cervical cancer,were divided into observation group (preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy group)and control group (radical radio-therapy group).The short -term efficacy,complications and follow -up data were compared between the two groups. Results The short -term efficacy of the observation group was 87.2%,which of the control group was 95.1%,and there was no significant difference (χ2 =1.579,P =0.209).As to the early complications of the two groups,there were no significant differences in gastrointestinal tract reaction(χ2 =0.000,P =0.987),rectal reaction(χ2 =2.709, P =0.100),bladder reaction (χ2 =1.343,P =0.247)and bone marrow suppression(χ2 =1.898,P =0.168).Late complications:in the observation group,the radiation proctitis[4 cases(10.3%)vs.14 cases(34.1%)]and the radiation cystitis[3 cases(7.7%)vs.13 cases(31.7%)]were less than those of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(χ2 =6.542,P =0.011&χ2 =7.205,P =0.007).The average follow -up time was 38.6 months in the observation group,which was 44.8 months in the control group.There was no significant difference in survival rate between the two groups(χ2 =0.075,P =0.784 & χ2 =0.032,P =0.858).Conclusion Locally advanced cervical cancer (IB -IIB)patients received preoperative concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy has important clinical value.The treatment makes the local giant block tumor shrink significantly,which is conducive to the implementation of surgery,and reduce the incidence of late complications compared with radical radiotherapy.

AIM: To study the pharmacokinetics of phenolic acids from Mailuoning injection in rats. METHODS: SD rats were given a single i.v. administration dose of Mailuoning injection 10 mL/kg, plasma and urine were collected before and after injection. Phenolic acid components in plasma and urine were measured by LC/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from the plasma concentration-time data and urinary excretion-time data with the DAS software package. RESULTS: After i.v. of Mailuoning injection, chlorogenic acid (CGA), 1, 5-dicaffeylquinic acid (1,5-DCQA), 3, 4-dicaffeylquinic acid (3,4-DCQA), 3, 5-dicaffeylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA) and caffeic acid (CA) were quickly excrectioned. The t1/2 of CGA, 1,5-DCQA, 3,4-DCQA, 3,5-DCQA and CA were 0.649, 0.334, 0.479, 0.486 and 0.330 h, respectively. AUC0-∞ were (22.522±2.716), (0.353±0.062), (3.620±1.246), (5.287±1.627) and (2.257±0.360) mg·L-1·h, respectively. After i.v. of Mailuoning injection, CGA, 1,5-DCQA, 3,4-DCQA, 3,5-DCQA and CA can all be detected in the urine. The amounts of CGA, 1,5-DCQA, 3,4-DCQA, 3,5-DCQA and CA excreted from urine during 0-24 h were (122.22±26.49)%, (3.30±1.26)%, (0.24±0.11)%, (1.93±0.77)% and (18.61±4.99)% of dose given in rats, respectively. CONCLUSION: After i.v. of Mailuoning injection, phenolic acids can be excreted quickly. Only a small quantity of 1,5-DCQA, 3,4-DCQA, 3,5-DCQA and CA were excreted from urine. 3,4-DCQA and 3,5-DCQA may be metabolized into CGA in the rat plasma.

Objective To explore the protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on diabetic myocardium and anoxic pre-conditioning (AP).Methods Eight-week-- old male Sprague-Dawley rats were given with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg)to induce diabetes mellitus (DM).Donor rats were 8-week-old male Sprague - Dawley rats.Before transplantation,MSC were incubated in CM-DiI at a concentration of 2 μg/mL for 20 min.AP-MSC were exposed to 3 hours of anoxia.At 4 months after STZ injection,diabetic rats were randomly given with an intramyocardial injection of one of the followings:150 μL of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium ( DMEM),5 ×106 MSC/150 μL,or 5 × 106 AP - MSC/150 μL (n =10 for each group).Three months after STZ injection and 2 weeks after transplantation,we evaluated the cardiac function by echocardiography,and also evaluated the cardiac conditions by alkaline phosphatase staining,western blot analysis for apoptosis related proteins and signal pathways.Results MSC,especially AP- MSC increased fractional shortening (FS) of diabetic heart (P ＜0.01 vs DMEM respectively).AP-MSC greatly increased the capillary density of diabetic myocardium (P ＜0.01 vs DMEM and MSC group respectively).AP-MSC are anti-apoptotic in the rat DCM model,possibly mediated through cardiac upregulation of Bcl-2/Bax ratio ( P ＜ 0.05 ) and inhibiting the expression and activation of caspase - 3 ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions Intramyocardial transplantation of APMSC has a protective effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Objective To investigate the hemodynamic changes in cirrhosis rats after orthotopic liver transplantation. Methods The cirrhosis model was constructed in 50 healthy male SD rats by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injection with carbon tetrachloride (CCl_4), and induced by drinking alcohol solution for 10 weeks. Orthotopic liver transplantation with two-cuff technique was adopted to these rats. The hemodynamic changes were observed. Results Cirrhosis model was constructed in 36 rats, 26 of which then received liver transplantation. Finally 12 cirrhosis rats survived, and hemodynamics of portal vein were observed. The statistical analysis revealed that the portal venous pressure decreased significantly after the operation compared with pretransplant [(1.60±0.10)kPa vs. (1.70±0.25)kPa, P<0.05]; the portal vascular resistance increased significantly [(7.55±1.02)mL/min vs. (6.15±0.88)mL/min, P<0.05]; however, the portal venous flow decreased obviously[(11.84×10~(-2)±2.51×10~(-2))kPa/(mL·min)vs.(16.29×10~(-2)±2.40×10~(-2))kPa/(mL·min),P<0.05-.Conclusion The hemodynamics of cirrhosis rats ameliorate after rthotopic liver transplantation.

BACKGROUND: The content of aluminium generally increases in the cerebral cells of patients with senile dementia. Aluminium poisoning in brain has inner link with senile dementia. Naloxone is the specific antagonist of opioid receptor, which can be applied in the treatment of senile dementia according to foreign reports.OBJECTIVE: To investigate protective effects of naloxone on aluminium trichloride-induced memory impairment of senescence-accelerated mice and its mechanism.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Jilin Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in Laboratory of Pharmacology of Jilin Medical College (formerly the Jilin Military Medical College) from February 2001 to February 2003. A total of 100 healthy adult Kunming mice were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, model group, naloxone 0.1 mg/kg group, naloxone 0.3 mg/kg group and naloxone 0.9 mg/kg group, with 20 in each group. Except the control group, subcutaneous injection with 70 mg/kg aluminium trichloride was given to the mouse in each group once a day for continuous 7 days; besides this, intraperitoneal injection with 0.1, 0.3, 0.9 mg/kg naloxone was given to the mouse in naloxone groups and the same amount of physiological saline was given to the mouse in the control group.METHODS: The methods of jumping stand and escaping dark were conducted to detect learning ability and memory of mice. Meanwhile, the content of malondialdhehyde in liver and mono-amine oxidase B in brain of mice were also detect.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Results of jumping stand experiment of aluminium trichloride-induced model of senescence. ② Results of escaping dark experiment of aluminium trichloride-induced model of senescence. ③ Comparison of malondialdhehyde and mono-amine oxidase B among each group.RESULTS: ① Results of jumping stand experiment of aluminium trichloride-induced model of senescence: Compared withmodel group, the frequency of electric shocks suffered by aluminium trichloride mice and the amount of suffered animals within 5 minutes significantly decreased in control group and naloxone 0.1, 0.3, 0.9 mg/kg groups. The experiment was repeated 24 hours later, naloxone could significantly prolong the latency of the mouse jumping down from the platform for the first time (P ＜ 0.01).Meanwhile, naloxone could decrease the amount and the frequency of mist&es of aluminium trichloride mouse within 3 minutes (P ＜ 0.01). ② Results of escaping dark experiment of aluminium trichloride-induced model of senescence: Compared with model group, the latency of aluminium trichloride mouse entering dark box was significantly prolonged and the frequency of electric shocks suffered by aluminium trichloride mice obviously increased in control group and naloxone 0.1, 0.3, 0.9 mg/kg groups (P＜0.01). ③ Comparison of malondialdhehyde and mono-amine oxidase B among each group: Malondialdhehyde was more in model group than in naloxone groups (P＜0.01). Mono-amine oxidase B was more in model group than in the other groups (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Naloxone has protective effects on aluminium trichlorideinduced memory impairment of senescence-accelerated mice, which can improve learning ability and memory. The mechanism is probably relevant to the effects of decrease of mono-amine oxidase B and elimination of lipid peroxide.

Liver transplantation is the best treatment for end-stage liver disease.Because of the severe shortage of donor sources,most of the patients died while waiting for liver grafts.Artificial liver support system can improve the liver function in a short time,and help patients to pass the waiting periods.Artificial liver support system takes place of composition,detoxification and metabolism function of liver,stabilizes the physiological and biochemical index of liver,relieves the burden of liver and helps patients to prepare for the liver transplantation.With the wide application of artificial liver support system,new types of the artificial liver support systems gradually conquered the defects of the old types,but they still have their own defects.This review concludes the merits and demerits of artificial liver systems,its clinical application and the problems so as to help the treatment of end-stage liver disease.

INDENA SPA Company in Italy is a multi-national company that produces and sells plant extracts. Based on its own re- search advantages in the field of Ginkgo biloba preparation, the company protects its own products market effectively through building patent portfolio around the patents of its opponent. Based on the multi-angle analysis for patent portfolio of G. biloba preparation from the aspects of application time, legal status, technical development route, and patent portfolio layout, this article provides technical reference on research and development of G. biloba preparation, and the author suggest that Chinese applicants learn techniques and layout experiences of other patents fully to enhance the level of research and patent protection level.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Italy ; Patents as Topic ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; economics ; isolation & purification

Objective To explore the quantitative expression of estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR)in breast hyperplasia and its Clinical significance.Methods The expression of ER and PR was examined by immunohistochemical S-P method and quantitative analysis technique in 20 cases a piece of epithelial hyperplasia of usual type,atypical hyperplasia(mild,moderate,severe)and intraductal carcinoma,which contrasted with 20 cases of usual breast.Results The difference of the expression of ER and PR between usual breast or epithelial hyperplasia of usual type and atypical hyperplasia or intraductal carcinoma was significant(P50%,there was significant difference between moderate dysplasia and mild dysplasia,but no significant difference between moderate dysplasia and severe dysplasia,intraductal carcinoma.Conclusions The abnormal expression of ER and PR may be an early event in the progression of breast carcinoma,it could be used for early diagnosis of breast premalignancy and as a effective mark to monitor the prognosis.