Septic shock is the most serious stage of sepsis and the main cause of the high mortality.So far,the scientists have paid more attentions on biomarkers for the early diagnosis and therapy monitoring of septic shock.As a kind of acute phase proteins, heparin-binding protein (HBP)has functions with increasing vascular permeability, sterilization, chemotaxis and regulating cell apoptosis.When the level of plasma HBP is high, it suggests that the patient has severe sepsis with edema and vascular collapse and can beapplied as a valuable biomarker for early diagnosis and therapy monitoring of septic shock.This review focuses on common inflammatory biomarkers for clinical application of sepsis, as well the structure and function of HBP and its clinical application of septic shock.

Lots of studies have identified the relationship between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular diseases. Many factors affect the metabolism of uric acid, such as diet, drug, internal environment of organism, etc. However, the relationship between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular diseases is not quite clear. In this review, we present recently published data about the association between hyperuricemia and selected cardiovascular diseases.

Objective To detect the expression of type Ⅰ collagen, type Ⅲ collagen, prolyl-4-hydroxylases (PH4) and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) in sacral ligament fibroblasts under stress, to understand the collagen synthesis and metabolism in stress situations change. Methods Eight patients who underwent abdominal hysterectomy for uterine benign disease were enrolled in this study. Primary sacral ligament fibroblasts were isolated by explant. After mechanical loading, gene expression of type Ⅰ , Ⅲ collagen, PH4 and MMP-1 were measured. Results Stress of 8% continuing for 24 hours, collagen Ⅰ (1. 13 ± 0.24), collagen Ⅲ (1.05 ± 0. 31) mRNA expression and PH4 expression (1.11 ± 0. 31) compared with static groups (1) showed increasing trends;when the stress were 4% and 12%, collagen Ⅰ (0. 86 ± 0. 26 and 0. 85 ± 0. 25), collagen Ⅲ showed increasing trends (0. 74 ± 0. 29 and 0. 83 ± 0. 38) mRNA expression were decreased. After removal of the stress, in the stress of 4% for 1 hour, collagen Ⅰ (0.79±0.40, 0.97±0.24 and 1.46 ±0.75), collagen Ⅲ (0.86±0.40, 0.99±0.60 and 1.59±0.82) and PH4 (1.11 ±0. 51, 1.17 ±0. 54 and 1.37 ±0. 39) mRNA expression increased gradually. In 8% stress group, collagen Ⅰ mRNA expression (1.16 ± 0. 62, 1.01 ± 0. 51 and 1.05 ± 0. 80) reached the peak in day 1, and collagen Ⅲ (0.99 ±0.69, 1.59 ±0.55 and 1.03 ±0.91) and PH4 (1.05 ±0.31, 1.07 ±0. 80 and 0. 85 ±0. 31) mRNA expression reached the peak in day 2, then decreased. 4% and 8% of the stress with time after the change, MMP-1 mRNA expression have peaked at day 1. Conclusions Moderate stress could contribute to pelvic floor collagen synthesis, too much or too little stress is not conducive to the synthesis of collagen. Collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ on the stress response may be different, the former have faster reaction than the latter. PH4 were involved in the synthesis of collagen, while MMP-1 may play a role in collagen degradation.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Glycyrrhetinic Acid/pharmacology* ; Humans

Objective To evaluate the effect of duloxetine on the expression of Toll?like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). Methods Type 2 di?abetes mellitus was induced by high?fat and high?sucrose diet and intraperitoneal streptozotocin ( STZ) 35 mg∕kg in male Sprague?Dawley rats, aged 2 months, weighing 180-220 g. Seventy?five rats with type 2 di?abetes mellitus were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n=15 each ) using a random number table: group DNP, DNP + normal saline group (group DNP+NS), and DNP + duloxetine 5, 10 and 20 mg∕kg groups (DNP+D5, DNP+D10, DNP+D20 groups). Another normal 15 rats were selected and served as control group ( group C) . Duloxetine 5, 10 and 20 mg∕kg were injected intraperitoneally once a day for 14 consecu?tive days starting from 15 days after administration of STZ in DNP+D5 , DNP+D10 and DNP+D20 groups, respectively. The equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group DNP+NS. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold ( MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency ( TWL) were measured on the day before STZ administration and 14, 17, 21 and 28 days after STZ administration. After the last measurement of pain threshold, the L4?6 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of the expression of
TLR4 by immuno?histochemistry and Western blot. Results Compared with group C, the MWT was signif?icantly decreased, TWL was shortened, and the expression of TLR4 was up?regulated in DNP, DNP+D5, DNP+D10 and DNP+D20 groups (P<0?05). Compared with group DNP, the MWT was significantly in?creased, TWL was prolonged, and the expression of TLR4 was down?regulated in DNP+D5 , DNP+D10 and DNP+D2 0 groups ( P<0?05) , and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group DNP+NS ( P>0?05) . Conclusion The mechanism by which duloxetine attenuates DNP is related to down?regulated expression of TLR4 in the spinal dorsal horn of rats.

Objective To identify and investigate B(A)02 allele in a patient. Methods Serological tests were performed with standard serological methods in a patient with B(A)02 allele. DNA sequences of all seven exons and exon-intron boundaries of ABO gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), direct DNA sequencing and sequencing after gene cloning. In order to analyze the allele, PyMOL software was used to establish 3D model of Glycosyltransferases B (GTB). Results The serological results showed the characteristics of B(A) phenotype. DNA analysis revealed that ABO gene of the individual was heterozygous of B(A)02/O01 allele. 700C>G mutation was identified in B101 allele, which resulted in the amino acid substitution P234A in GTB. Through the analysis of the 3D structure of GTB, it was speculated that the P234A replacement affected the intermolecular forces of the 234 amino acid and Met-266, thus changed the conformation of the donor-binding pocket of GTB,that made GTB capable of recognizing and tranferring the GalNac to the H antigen, which can lead to the formation of the weak A antigen on membrane of red blood cells. Conclusion The P234A replacement can affect the spatial conformation of the specific recognition region conformed by Met-266 and Ala-268 residues, which leads to the antigenicity change of the ABO blood group.

Chimeric antigen receptor-T cell (CAR-T) therapy is one of the effective novel immunotherapy for malignancies, and it has a great effect on leukemia and lymphoma. More researches are needed to improve the understanding of CAR-T therapy and promote the development of this technology in order to treat hematological malignancies from a novel perspective.

Next generation sequencing (NGS) has been applied in scientific research and clinical practice of mature lymphoid malignancies. The applications of NGS in the study of pathogenesis, treatment and prognosis evaluation, mechanisms of resistance to treatment in lymphoid malignancies have been reported in the 57th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting. This article summarized the advances in the use of NGS in mature lymphoid malignancies by reviewing several representative reports.

BACKGROUND:Currently, biodegradable polymer materials such as poly(morpholine-2, 5-dione) and its derivatives have been widely used in biomedical field to fabricate nerve catheters, tissue engineering and drug control release carriers. Therefore, many research has focused on the synthesis of poly(morpholine-2 5-dione) and its derivatives.
OBJECTIVE:To review the synthesis methods of monomeric and polymeric morpholine-2, 5-dione and its derivatives, and to explore its advantages and shortcomings. METHODS:A computer-based search of databases of Wanfang, CNKI, SCI and PubMed was performed for relevant articles published from 1982 to 2015. And the keywords were“morpholine-2, 5-dion, biodegradable”in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:So far, acylation reactions ofα-amino acids andα-halogen halide, the intramolecular esterifications and intramolecular condensation reactions are the key methods for the synthesis of morpholine-2, 5-dione and its derivatives. A modified approach is needed to overcome the existed disadvantages. Ring-opening polymerization of morpholine-2, 5-dione is a preferred method of synthetic polyester-amide, but low molecular weight and conversion of polymers are produced. Polymerization catalyzed via metal compounds and enzymes are the best strategy for the synthesis of poly(morpholine-2, 5-dione). Furthermore, as a valuable biodegradable polymer material, poly(morpholine-2, 5-dione) has been extensively applied in the medical field.

Objective To observe the relationship between urine albumin excretion rate (UAE), growth factors and the bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Fourteen controls and 51 elderly male patients with diabetes divided into three groups: normal albuminuria(UAE