Animals ; Chronic Disease ; Heart Failure ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

Objective To observe the expression level of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in bone marrow stromal cells of acute leukemia at initial diagnosis and complete remission. Method Bone marrow stromal cells were isolated and cultured from five patients of acute leukemia at the time of initial diagnosis (Group A), five patients of acute leukemia at complete remission (Group B), and five healthy individuals or persons with no serious hematopathy (Group C). The content of SDF-1 protein in cultured supernatants was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The contents of SDF-1 protein in supernatants of groups A, B and C were 2 941?374, 2 891?305 and 1 583?157pg/ml, respectively. The contents in both group A and group B were significantly higher than that in group C. Conclusion The SDF-1 expression level in acute leukemia bone marrow stromal cells was elevated at initial diagnosis, and the abnormality persisted until the stage of complete remission.

This study was designed to investigate inhibitory effects and possible mechanisms of snake venom tripeptide (pENW) on platelet adhesion in order to promote the development of a novel anti-platelet therapy. To study the inhibitory effects of pENW on platelet adhesion, washed platelets pre-incubated with pENW (116.5-466.2 μmol x L(-1)) were used to test the ability of platelet adhesion to fibrinogen. Effect of pENW on fibrin clot retraction was also tested. Effect of pENW on platelets viability was tested by MTT assay. Effect of pENW on reactive-oxygen species (ROS) levels of platelet was studied by flow cytometry assay. Calcium mobilization in Fura-2/AM-loaded platelets was monitored with a spectrofluorimeter. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), thromboxane A2 (determined as its metabolite thromboxane B2) were measured using enzyme immunoassay kits. Akt, ERK and p38 phosphorylation were tested by Western blot. The results showed that pENW inhibited platelet adhesion and fibrin clot retraction in a concentration-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Intracellular cGMP and cAMP in both resting and thrombin-activated platelets were increased by pENW. In addition, pENW attenuated intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and TXA2 production in platelets stimulated by thrombin. As shown by Western blot assay, Akt, ERK and p38 phosphorylation in thrombin-induced platelet were attenuated by pENW. However, inhibitory effects of pENW had nothing to do with ROS. Thus, pENW exhibited a significant inhibition on platelet adhesion to fibrinogen, which means pENW could block the first step of thrombosis as while as retard the more stable clot formation. The mechanisms of pENW on inhibition platelet adhesion might be related to instant regulations, such as protein kinases.
Blood Platelets ; drug effects ; Blotting, Western ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cyclic AMP ; metabolism ; Cyclic GMP ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Phosphorylation ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Snake Venoms ; chemistry ; Thromboxane A2 ; metabolism ; Thromboxane B2 ; metabolism

Objective To observe level of thyroid and corticosteroid hormone of peacekeepers in South Sudan the harsh environment under stress and explore the changes of hormone and its related causes the body to suffer stress.Methods 25 peacekeepers were drawn blood before going abroad,after going abroad 1 months,4 months and 7 months,respectively.Methods of immune by magnetic separation were adopted and determined the changes of thyroid hormone and cortisol levels.They were compared with before going abroad.Results After going abroad 1 months T3 (1.780 ±0.345)ng/mL,T4 (88.609 ±14.486)ng/mL,FT3 (3.758 ±4.287)pg/mL,FT4 (15.152 ±6.422)pg/mL than before going abroad (1.458 ±0.206)ng/mL,(2.060 ±0.642)ng/mL,(11.672 ±3.627)pg/mL,(96.958 ± 12.286)pg/mL were significantly increased (t =3.670,2.410,2.019,2.798,all P <0.0 ).TSH (1.320 ± 0.518)μIU /mL after going abroad 4 months was lower than before going abroad(1.872 ±0.821)μIU /mL decreased significantly(t =3.175,P <0.05).Conclusion In the role of the environment change of stress factors,changes of thyroid hormone and cortisol levels of body were obvious.We suggest to make countermeasure as soon as possible and appropriate intervention.At the same time the peacekeepers are detected comprehensive hormone detection and psy-chological counseling before going abroad,it is significant for the successful completion of peace -keeping task.

Objective To investigate the practice status of the newNursing practice standards for intravenous therapy in secondary and above hospitals in Shandong province. Methods Self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate 3051 nurses from 129 hospitals in 17 cities in Shandong province. Results Nurses′ awareness rate of the new Nursing practice standards for intravenous therapy was 92.69%(2828/3051);92.13%(2811/3051) nurses reported that their hospitals used the new standard, 65.78%(2007/3051) nurses reported that their hospitals had applied the standard since the second half of 2014; 92.92% (2835/3051) nurses reported that their hospitals had revised their practice rules according to the new standard;93.54%(2854/3051) nurses reported that their hospitals had revised the related nursing process; 50.08% (1528/3051) nurses thought the new standard helpful to clinical practice;22.98%(701/3051) nurses knew well about the new standard;53.85%(1643/3051) nurses thought the standard applicable to clinical practice. Conclusions As nurses do not master the Nursing practice standards for intravenous therapy well, they need strengthened training. Hospitals should fresh their rules, protocolsand supply training program to improve nurses′ knowledge and skill. Meanwhile, Nursing practice standards for intravenous therapyalso needs to be revised and improved according to nurses feedback.

Objective To investigate diagnostic approaches of cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia (CGIN) for improving the diagnostic levels of CGIN.Methods Clinical data of 106 cases with CGIN admitted in hospital from Jan.2008 to Dec.2010 were analyzed retrospectively.All data from preoperative thin-prep cytologic test (TCT),cervical biopsies and postoperative pathological examination of the excised cervical tissues were reviewed.Results Among 106 patients,62 cases (58.5％,62/106) were low grade CGIN (L-CGIN),44 cases (41.5％,44/106) were high grade CGIN (H-CGIN) ; 25 cases (23.6％,25/106) were pure CGIN and 81 cases (76.4％,81/106) were CGIN mixed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).Fifteen cases (14.2％,15/106) were found atypical glandular cell (AGC)by TCT..In the 15 cases,there were 4 cases (6.5％,4/62) L-CGIN,and 11 cases (25.0％,11/44)H-CGIN,there was significant difference between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05) ; among 15 cases with AGC,11 cases of them (44.0％,11/25) were pure CGIN,4 cases (4.9％,4/81) mixed with CIN,in which there were significant difference (P ＜0.01).Seven cases (25.0％,7/28) were detected glandular lesions in 28 cases by endocervical curettage (ECC).Totally 23 cases (22.8％,23/101) were detected CGIN by colposcopy-directed biopsy,11 cases (19.0％,11/58) were with L-CGIN,12 cases (27.9％,12/43)H-CGIN,there was no significant difference between them (P ＞ 0.05).Among the 23 cases,13 eases(52.0％,13/25) were pure CGIN,10 cases (12.3％,10/81) CGIN mixed with CIN,which showed significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).All 106 patients were treated,101 cases treated with cervical conization and 5 cases performed hysterectomy; 23 cases were diagnosed CGIN preoperation,the ratio of preoperative diagnosis was 21.7％ (23/106),83 cases (80.3％,83/106) diagnosed postoperatively.Conclusions Routine diagnostic methods of CGIN were not satisfaction,most CGIN were diagnosed after cervical resection.Cervical conization may play a very important role in diagnosis of CGIN.The positivity of TCT in H-CGIN was higher than L-CGIN.There was no different in diagnosing different CGIN grades by colposcopy-directed biopsy.The ratio of preoperative diagnosis of pure CGIN was higher than those with CGIN mixed with CIN.

A high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric( HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of four phenolic and salicylanilide anthelmintics including nitroxinil, oxyclozanide, closantel and rafoxanide in cattle and ovine tissues. Muscle, liverand kidney were extracted with acetonitrile-acetone(60:40, V/V)and fat with 1% triethylamine in acetonitrile, then the extract was purified with MAX solid-phase extraction column. Qualitative and quantitative analysiswas achieved by HPLC-MS/MS undernegative multiple reaction monitoring ( MRM) mode. Good correlation coefficients were obtained (R>0. 99) in the concentration range of 1-100 μg/L. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of qualification (LOQ) for the four compounds were 1 and 2. 5 μg/kg, respectively. The mean recoveries at the four levels of LOQ, 0. 5 maximum residue limit (MRL), MRL, 2MRL were between 71% and 112%,with the intra-day relative standard deviation(RSD)in the range of 1. 1%-14. 0%and inter-day RSD in the range of 6. 4%-14. 7%. Forty samples from the market were analyzed with the method, only two samples were found to show phenolic and salicylanilide anthelmintics residues.

We summarized our accumulated clinical and teaching experiences and explored the regularity of acupuncture needling and teaching. It is of great importance in pressing hand during inserting needle. Stroking and pressing are two crucial parts which deserve more attention, and seldom useage of pressing hand should be abolished. Operating hand needs practice before inserting needle, while it should fully relaxed during inserting. Blending "touching", "stretch" "gathering" "erupting" and "advancing" in single moment, applying appropriate dynamic mode of inserting needle such as "join 3 forces as one" "3 points in a line" expertly and naturally. In addition, enough attention should be paid on "altering direction" and "shifting point". Inserting deftly and powerfully, no/slight sensation, deqi when inserting needle are the highest reflection as an acupuncturist.
Acupuncture ; education ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; China ; Humans ; Teaching

Objective To study the clinical features,diagnosis and management of small cell carcinoma of the bladder (SCCB).Method The clinical data of 18 cases of patients with small cell carcinoma of the bladder were analyzed retrospectively and the literature were reviewed.There were 16 males and 2 females,ages 54 to 81 years (median age,61 years).Clinical manifestations included gross hematuria in 11 cases,urgency in 2 cases,dysuria in 2 cases and postoperative review after TURBT of bladder urothelial carcinoma in 3 cases.The median tumor size was 3.35cm (ranged,1.0 to 6.0 cm).2 cases underwent TURBT and intravesical chemotherapy regularly were followed after surgery.3 cases underwent partial cystectomy,intravenous chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy was followed in one case,the other 2 cases refused the following therapy.13 cases underwent radical cystectomy,intravenous chemotherapy was followed in 2 cases,pelvic radiotherapy was followed in 2 csaes and intravenous chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy was followed in 2 cases,the other 7 cases refused the following therapy.Results 11 cases were pure SCCB,7 cases were mixed SCCB,all with urothelial carcinoma.T1N0M0 in 3 cases,T2N0.1M0 in 4 cases,and T3N0-2M0 in 11 cases.The duration of follow-up was from 5 to 35 months after surgery.9 cases died of tumor metastasis,9 cases are still alive,except 1 case with lymph node metastasis,the other 7 cases are free of tumor recurrence or metastasis.Conclusions SCCB is rare,with high malignant degree and poor prognosis.The prognosis of the pure SCCB may be worse than the mixed SCCB.The diagnosis depends on pathology examination.Radical cystectomy is the main treatment method,the strategy of bladder-preserving may be an attempt for proper SCCB patients.Adjuvant therapy plus surgery may be better.

BACKGROUND: Telomerase can maintain the telomere length and avoid cel replicative senescence and apoptosis in somatic cells. Its catalytic subunit cal ed telomerase reverse transcriptase has roles in mediating cellsurvival and anti-apoptotic functions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of human telomerase reverse transcriptase on amyloid β1-40-induced human embryonic cortical neurons injury. METHODS: Human cortical neurons derived from 12-16 weeks old aborted fetuses were transfected with recombinant adenovirus vector encoding human telomerase reverse transcriptase. Expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase was evaluated by immunocytochemical staining. Telomerase activity was measured using a PCR-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Human embryonic cortical neurons were treated with 10 μmol/L ol/L amyloid β1-40 after transfected for 3 days. Cel viability, reactive oxygen species levels and glutathione contents in human embryonic cortical neurons were respectively detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and chromatometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase reached peak at 3 days after transfection, and the telomerase activity was rebuilt; 10 μmol/L amyloid β1-40 could significantly reduce the cel viability of neurons and glutathione content (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), and increase the reactive oxygen species levels (P < 0.05). The neurons transfected with human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene could be significantly against the toxicity of amyloid β1-40 and increase the cel viability and glutathione content (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), and decrease the reactive oxygen species levels (P < 0.05). The results indicate that human telomerase reverse transcriptase can protect amyloid β1-40-induced human embryonic cortical neurons injury