Objective To study the feasibility, superiority and experience of minimally invasive laparoscopic-assisted surgery of the thyroid using ultrosonic scalpel. Methods In a period from January, 2006-August, 2008, 56 patients of the department of general surgery, the hospital of Heilongjiang Province were diagnosed as thyroid node. The size of the nodes ranged from 5.0 cm×4.2 cm to 3.5 cm×2.0 cm in uhrosonography. An incision of about 1.5-2.0 cm was made 1.0 cm above the suprasternal notch and the operation was performed with ultrosonic scalpel assisted with laparoscope. Partial thyroideetomy of lateral thyroid was performed in 20 cases, subtotal thyroidectomy in 25 cases, subtotal thyroidectomy of unilateral thyroid and partial thyroidectomy of contralateral thyroid respectively in 1 case, partial thyroidectomy of bilateral thyroid in 10 cases. Results All 56 cases have undergone minimally invasive laparoscopic-assisted surgery successfully in 50-146 min and no complications occurred. Fifty five cases were confirmed to be benign lesion pathologically. Conclusion Laparoscopic-assisted surgery of the thyroid is an effective with a good cosmetic result.

Objective To clarify weather or not lymph node dissection can achieve the requests of gastric carcinoma radical degrees under laparoscopic operation for advanced gastric careinoma. Methods Sixty-five cases of advanced gastric carcinoma with under 1/3 stomach lesions and three cases with middle 1/3 stomach lesions. were randomly divided into tow groups: assisted laparoseopic group(n=33)and conventional gastric carcinoma D2 radical surgery group(n=35).The number of lymph node dissection, and the incidence of positive lymph nodes oecnred in damaged capsule. the margin necrosis analyzed. Results The average lymph node dissection of the laparoscopic group were 20.79±5.21 were ohscrved. the positive oases were 9.63±4.64.The average lymph nnde dissection of the control group were 21.20±5.04.the positivecases were 9.63±4.64. The two groups had no significant difference f (P>0.05)1. Positive-margin lymph node in the control gmup was 6 and 14 in the experimenl group ( P>0.05). The experlment gnmp margin appeared necrosis under eletronic microseope and the control group appeared degeneratinn. Conclusions Laparoscopic advanced gastric carcinoma lymph node dissectinn can D2 radical of advanced gastriC carcinoma demands(D>N), have significant difference with conventional surgery. Positive lymph node dissection margin of treatment is better than traditional surgery.

Objective To study the relevance between blood loss, widespread brain contusion injury and consumptive coagulopathy. Methods One hundred and fifty-three cases with severe brain injury was studied about their coagulation data. Analyzed the relationship between blood loss group according to ≥3000 ml and ＜ 3000 ml and coagulation features, the relationship between widespread brain contusion injury and disorder of coagulation;according to whether with brain contusion injury,kinds of bloods transplant and prognosis were asseseed;according to whether with widespread brain contusion injury in ≥ 3000 ml blood loss group,kinds of bloods transplant and prognosis were assessed. Results Compared with ＜ 3000 ml blood loss patients, ≥ 3000 ml patients' blood coagulation changed obviously, with PT prolonging, Fbg and Plt decreasing, the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with no extensive brain contusion injury patients, in extensive brain contusion injury patients, APTT, PT, TT prolonged, Fbg and Plt decreased,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.05). Extensive brain contusion injury patients with blood loss compared with those without such loss, needed more blood transfusion volume,larger amount of input of fresh frozen plasma Plt volume,the former survival rate was lower [68.29%(28/41)vs. 96.43%(108/112)], the difference between them was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05 ). In 41 patients who had brain widespread contusion ,the cases with extensive blood loss ( ≥ 3000 ml) were compared with those ＜ 3000 ml, and the differences in blood transfusion treatment, fresh frozen plasma, Plt volume,survival rate were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion When blood loss ≥ 3000 ml after trauma,patients show various degrees of coagulopathy,and when accompanied with extensive brain tissue injury,coagulation disorders are more obvious, and the prognosis is even worse.

Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is still one of the significant threats to human life. In recent years, the continuous exploration of small molecule inhibitors represented by bedaquinoline has brought new vitality into the field of tuberculosis. However, small molecule inhibitors will inevitably occur acquired drug resistance during clinical medication. As a new pharmacological mechanism, targeted protein degradation (TPD) achieves efficacy by destroying rather than inhibiting protein targets. It might be an excellent strategy to develop anti-tuberculosis drugs based on the TPD concept to solve drug resistance. This article reviews the protein degradation pathways of Mtb, such as the Pup proteasome system and the ClpP-ClpC1 complex enzyme system. The future development of these strategies into TPD drugs was prospected and summarized.

Edema, as one of common clinical diseases, could be treated by taking medicines and adopting external therapies with traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). In recent years, there have been many clinical and basic studies concerning external therapies with TCM on edema Data showed that the external therapies are mostly composed of such purgating drugs as Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Natrii Sulfas and Pharbitidis Semen, heat-clearing drug such as Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex and resuscitation-inducing drug such as Borneolum Syntheticum. The study showed that ingredients of external therapies did not pass through hilum and hepatic system, and thus avoided the first pass effect of livers. They enabled effective components of drugs to be rapidly absorbed through pores and skins, strengthened the effect against edema, shortened the treatment course, decreased side effects, and were convenient and inexpensive. External therapies with TCM could play unique advantages in inhibiting edema in the future clinical studies.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Edema ; drug therapy ; Humans

Lenalidomide is an oral immunomodulator with multiple functions including immune regulation, anti-tumor, and regulation of tumor microenvironment. Since the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved lenalidomide for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma, recent studies have indicated that lenalidomide monotherapy or lenalidomide combinations in other types of lymphoma also has broad prospects. The treatment progress of lenalidomide in lymphoma will be summarized in this paper based on the new reports in the 57th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting.

PET-CT is the only current medical imaging technology to provide both metabolic and morphologic information in anatomical configuration mode,with high sensitivity and non-invasion.As one of the optimal measures in tumor diagnosis and therapy,abnormally-increased FDG uptake of some subtypes therefore makes an increasing application of PET-CT in lymphoma.The progress of PET-CT in lymphoma will be summarized in this paper based on the reports from the 58th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO)in preventing and reversing dys- function of retinal neurons in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetes in rats.Design Experimental study.Participants The early stage of diabetic rats.Method Two weeks after STZ(60 mg/kg,i.p.),diabetic rats were administered rhEPO(5000IU/kg)injection three times weekly for 2 weeks.Retinal samples of STZ-induced diabetic rats with or without rhEPO and controls were prepared for ultrathin sec- tions and subsequently photography by transmission electron microscope.Also the content of glutamate in retina of the rats was detected with high-performance liquid chromatography.Main Outcome Measures The ultrastructure of rat retinas and the content of retinal glutamate.Results Mitochondrial metamorphosis in ganglion cells occurred in STZ-induced diabetic rats without rhEPO.Obvious mito- chondrial metamorphosis couldn′t be found in STZ-induced diabetic rats with rhEPO treatment.Retinal glutamate at the end of the 4th week of STZ-induced diabetic rats had increased obviously comparing with the normal rats(P

AIM To determine whether microinjection of ? amyloid peptide fragment 25～35 (A?25～35 ) into rat hippocampus induces the learning and memory dysfunction.METHODS Microinjection of A? 25～35 into hippocampus induced the rat learning and memory dysfunction. Step down test, Shuttle box test, and Morris water maze test were used to evaluate rat learning and memory function;The sections were stained with haematoxylin eosin (HE),the amyloid deposits were detected using Congo Red and silver.RESULTS The latency of A? 25～35 treated rats shortened,the stimulating time prolonged,and the numbers of errors increased in the step down test;Shuttle box test showed that A? 25～35 caused the latency and numbers of active escape reduction and the numbers of passive avoidance increase; Also in morris water maze, A?25 35 induced an impairment in rat spatial resolution; In A? 25～35 treated group, a significant decrease in the numbers of neurons in cortex and hippocampus,a massive glial reaction and neurophilic phenomenon were detected by HE staining; the positive vascular amyloidosis by Congo red and fibrils by Ag staining were also observed.CONCLUSION Microinjection of A? 25～35 into rat hippocampus may induce the learning and memory dysfunction and pathological changes which were similar to that found in Alzheimers disease (AD) brain.

Objective To analyze the imaging features of mycobacterium in AIDSpatients.Methods Twenty-three cases of mycobacterium tuberculosis and 13 patients of non-tuberculous mycobacteria were proved etiologically and included in this study.All patients underwent X-ray and CT examinations,imaging data were analyzed and compared.Results The imaging findings of mycobacterium tuberculosis in AIDS patients included consolidation (n =11),pleural effusion (n =11),mediastinal lymphadenopathy (n =11).Pulmonary lesions were always diffuse distribution,and 14 patients of extrapulmonary tuberculosis were found.Pulmonary lesions in non-tuberculous mycobacteria tend to be circumscribed.Conclusions Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in AIDS patients is more common and usually combined with other infections.Imaging features are atypical.