BACKGROUND:Epidemiologic reports have indicated that excessive weight-bearing exercise is one of important risk factors for lumbar degeneration, but the effects of weight-bearing activity on normal lumbar motion pattern are stil not clear. OBJECTIVE:To measure the changing characteristics and rules of position at the center of rotation of the lower lumbar spine during a weight-lifting activity of normal person. METHODS: Fourteen asymptomatic subjects with a mean age of (25±5) years were recruited for this study. The L4-5 and L5-S1 segments of each subject were CT-scanned to construct 3D models using dual X-ray imaging system and spiral CT examination combined technology in the aid of computer software. The physiological load and lumbar spinal 3D motion under the loading condition were reproduced when matching the flexion, neutrality and extension in the dual X-ray imaging system and on dual oblique lumbar X-ray image. Coordinate systems were established at the vertebral body of L4-S1 to obtain the center of rotation during flexion-to-neutral, neutral-to-extension and the ful flexion-extension motion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under physiological load, the center of rotation of L4-5 of normal person was located about 1.0 mm anterior to the central axis of the vertebral body, and the center of rotation of L5-S1 was located about 0.7 mm anterior to the central axis of the vertebral body. (2) With weight loading, the center of rotation of both two segments shifted backward about 0.5 mm. There was no statistical difference between these two loading conditions. (3) When the center of rotation in flexion and extension was calculated respectively, the moving range of the center of rotation at both L4-5and L5-S1 became larger due to taking loads of 10 kg (P < 0.05). In flexion, the center of rotation at L5-S1 significantly shifted forward during a weight-lifting activity (P < 0.05). (4) These results confirm that compared with non-weight-bearing condition, the trajectory of the center of rotation was found to be increased when taking loads, especialy during the flexion-to-neutral motion.

Purpose:We observed and compared the therapeutic effects of CO_2 and dehy- drated ethanol as sclerosing agent,in percutaneous interventional methods for treatment of hepatic and renal cysts,Materials and methods:Twenty-two simple cysts,14 in livers,8 in kidneys,af- ter percutaneous puncture and aspiration,we instilled CO_2 or dehydrated ethanol into the cysts once, twice or thrice with followed-up for 2 to 29 months,Results:All the 22 cysts in 22 patients were better after treatment especially of them,including 8 of 12 cases(66.7%)treated with dehydrated ethanol only once.The maximum diameters of 8 renal cysts(8/8,100%)after one treatment re- duced to less than 2cm in the follow-up,comparing with only 5 of 14 hepatic cysts(5/14,35. 7%).Conclusion:1)Pereutaneous interventional method by guidance of ultrasound is safe and ef- fective in simple hepatic or renal cyst treatment.2)CO_2 is similar to dehydrated ethanol as a scleros- ing agent.3)The therapeutic effect of simple renal cyst is better than that of hepetic cyst.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Cholecystitis, Acute ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Myocarditis ; diagnosis ; pathology

BACKGROUND:The cervical spine of the human body is an important structure carrying the head and connecting the spine. Its volume is smal, but its flexibility was great. Activity frequency was highest. Simultaneously, cervical spine is the most complicated bony structure of geometric and kinematic characteristics of human body, bears the physiological load of the head, has functions of flexion and extension, lateral bending and rotation. Therefore, the cervical spine has become one of the most vulnerable structures with degenerative diseases of the spine. Analysis of upper cervical spine biomechanics, recognition and understanding of its normal function and mechanical mechanism wil provide a theoretical basis for better treatment of upper cervical spine disorders.
OBJECTIVE:To observe thein vivothree-dimensional kinematics of the upper cervical spine in healthy human beings under physiological load with dual fluorescence X-ray imaging system and spiral CT.
METHODS:Seventeen healthy volunteers were recruited for this study. The vertebral segment motion of each subject was reconstructed with three-dimensional computed tomography and solid modeling software.In vivo cervical vertebral motion during functional postures was observed with dual fluoroscopic imaging. Coordinate systems were established at the vertebral center to obtain the intervertebral range of motion.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) During the flexion-extension motion, significant differences in the distance in coronal axis, sagittal axis and angle of rotation were detected in C1-2 and C2-3segments. (2) During the left-right bending motion, the angle of rotation was obviously greater at C1-2 segment than that at C2-3segment. During the left-right twisting motion, significant differences in distance of the vertical axis and the coronal axis, lateral flexion angle and rotation angle were detectable between C1-2and C2-3 segments. (3) These findings confirmed that dual fluorescence X-ray imaging system combined with CT scan can obtain atlanto-axial three-dimensional instantaneous motion of six-DOF data of healthy adults, and found that the main motion of the C1-2 vertebrae is rotating. These data may provide us with some new information about the in vivo kinematics of the upper cervical spine and the non-fixed surgical operation.

Objective To explore the 15-years change in fasting TG level and the accumulative incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from 1992 to 2007,and to assess the association between the change in TG level and the accumulative onset risk of T2DM.Methods A total of 11 387 subjects aged 35-64 years were recruited from 6 provinces in China in the baseline survey in 1992,and were followed-up for cardiovascular disease till 2007.In 2007,9184 subjects were successfully followed-up and 5966 subjects entered into the second examination.Totally 5408 participants,who were free of diabetes at baseline and had complete information for both check ups,were included in this analysis.Fasting TG levels were categorized into three groups:＜ 1.70 mmol/L,1.70-2.25 mmol/L and ≥2.26 mmol/L.The association between 15-years change in TG level and the accumulative onset risk of T2DM was assessed by logistic regression analysis.Results In 1992,the mean level of TG was 1.49 mmol/L in male and 1.26 mmol/L in female.During the 15 years,TG levels increased by 0.25 mmol/L and 0.53 mmol/L in male and female,respectively.The prevalence of elevated TG ( ＜ 1.70 mmol/L) increased from 23.4％ in 1992 to 39.0％ in 2007.The 15-year accumulative incidence of diabetes was 13.9％ in male and 11.8％ in female.The incidence rates were 10.5％,16.2％ and 26.6％ for TG levels of ＜ 1.70 mmol/L,1.70-2.25 mmol/L and ≥2.26 mmol/L,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the baseline TG level was significantly associated with the onset risk of diabetes after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors.At any given baseline TG level,the onset risk of diabetes increased with the TG levels in the second examination in 2007.After adjusting other risk factors,participants with the highest categories of both baseline and follow-up TG levels had 2.1 folds higher accumulative onset risk of diabetes ( RR =3.39,95％CI 2.49-4.61 ) than those with the lowest categories of both baseline and follow-up TG levels.Conclusion Baseline TG level is independently associated with diabetes onset risk,and the change of TG level in a 15-year interval predicts the onset risk of diabetes beyond the baseline TG level.

Adult ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Health

BACKGROUND:Animal models of osteoarthritis are of great significance for the studies on its pathogenesis,prevention and treatment.There are various osteoarthritis models that certainly simulate the development of human osteoarthritis.Some stimulating factors have been found to participate in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis.OBJECTIVE:To review the recent researches about animal models of osteoarthritis at home and abroad,and to assess different modeling methods and some stimulating factors related to the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis.METHODS:A computer-based retrieval of CNKI and PubMed databases before December 2016 was performed with the keywords of "osteoarthritis,animal models,stimulating factors,assessment grading system,outcome measurement" in Chinese and English,respectively.Finally 57 eligible papers were included for analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) In recent years,the osteoarthritis models are mainly established by doing damage to the cruciate ligaments and meniscus,and evaluated by Mankin score;the age of experimental animals tend to be younger.(2) Animals developed maturely are rational,so as to avoid the effect of self-healing caused by growth factors on osteoarthritis occurrence.

This study was aimed to investigate the influence of TIEG1 on apoptosis of HL-60 cells and the expression of Bcl-2/Bax. Different concentration of TIEG1 were used to treat HL-60 cells, the cell growth inhibition rate was detected by MTT method. After treating HL-60 cells with 12.03 ng/ml TIEG1, cell apoptosis was detected with flow cytometry. Bcl-2 and Bax was detected with RT-PCR. The results showed that TIEG1 had inhibitory effect on HL-60 cell proliferation, and in time-and dose-dependent manners. The more obvious inhibitory effect was observed in HL-60 cells treated with TIEG1 of 12.03 ng/ml. During the course of cell apoptosis, Bax expression increased, but Bcl-2 expression decreased (P < 0.05). It is concluded that TIEG1 inhibits HL-60 cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in time and dose-dependent manners. During the course of HL-60 cells apoptosis induced by TIEG1, Bcl-2/Bax are associated with HL-60 cell apoptosis induced by TIEG1.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Early Growth Response Transcription Factors ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of valproic acid sodium (VPA) on the proliferation and apoptosis of acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia Jurkat cells. Jurkat cells were treated with different concentration of VPA. Proliferation-inhibition curve was assayed and plotted by CCK-8 method and the cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI double staining. The expression level of anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2 and pro-apoptosis gene Bak1 were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that the VPA inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells in concentration-dependent manner. As compared with the control group, the apoptosis of cells increased along with adding concentration of VPA; VPA could decrease the expression of BCL-2 gene, but did not show obvious effect on the expression of Bak1. It is concluded that the VPA can inhibit proliferation of Jurkat cells which possibly associates with the decrease of BCL-2 expression.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Sodium ; pharmacology ; Valproic Acid ; pharmacology ; bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo research the effects of Guizhi Fuling capsule on sex hormones levels in blood serum and breast issue morphology of hyperplasia of mammary glands model rats.

METHODThe unpregnancy SD rat models of hyperplasia of mammary glands were established by injecting 0.5 mg x kg(-1) benzoate estradiol. After five weeks doses,the effects of Guizhi Fuling capsule 2.0, 1.0, 0.5 g x kg(-1) and Rupixiao tablet 0.5 g x kg(-1) on the changes of papilla diameter, height and breast issue morphology of the naimal models were explored, and sex hormones levels in blood serum were measured.

RESULTGuizhi Fuling capsule can inhibitnipple swell, improve breast tissue morphology pathological profiles of the animal models, and decrease oestradiol (E2) level and increase progesterone (P) level in blood serum.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggested that Guizhi Fuling capsule could, improve mammary gland pathological profiles. Regulating sex hormone levels may be its important mechanism for treatment of hyperplasia of mammary glands.

Animals ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; blood ; Hyperplasia ; Mammary Glands, Animal ; drug effects ; pathology ; Rats