Edema, as one of common clinical diseases, could be treated by taking medicines and adopting external therapies with traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). In recent years, there have been many clinical and basic studies concerning external therapies with TCM on edema Data showed that the external therapies are mostly composed of such purgating drugs as Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Natrii Sulfas and Pharbitidis Semen, heat-clearing drug such as Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex and resuscitation-inducing drug such as Borneolum Syntheticum. The study showed that ingredients of external therapies did not pass through hilum and hepatic system, and thus avoided the first pass effect of livers. They enabled effective components of drugs to be rapidly absorbed through pores and skins, strengthened the effect against edema, shortened the treatment course, decreased side effects, and were convenient and inexpensive. External therapies with TCM could play unique advantages in inhibiting edema in the future clinical studies.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Edema ; drug therapy ; Humans

Animals ; Cardiovascular System ; physiopathology ; Fatigue ; drug therapy ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress ; Periplaneta ; chemistry ; Physical Conditioning, Animal

In order to identify Cimicifugae Rhizoma from its adulterants and to ensure its safe use, the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequence of Cimicifugae Rhizoma and its adulterants were amplified and bidirectionally sequenced by DNA barcoding technology. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed by the CodonCode Aligner V3.7.1. The genetic distances were computed by MEGA 5.0. Identification analyses were performed using neighbor-joining (NJ) methods. The length of ITS2 sequence of the three origin plants of Cimicifugae Rhizoma include Cimicifuga heracleifolia, C. foetida, C. dahurica was 217, 219 and 219 bp, respectively. Their intraspecific genetic distance was much lower than the interspecific genetic distance with their closely related species. The NJ tree of ITS2 indicated that the three origin plants of Cimicifugae Rhizoma formed a monophyletic clade, Cimicifugae Rhizoma and its adulterants could be distinguished clearly. The authors proposed that ITS2 sequence was suitable for the authentication of Cimicifugae Rhizoma and its adulterants.
Base Sequence ; China ; Cimicifuga ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; classification ; genetics

Objective To investigate the possibility of detection of the human papillomavirus (HPV)L1 capsid protein to predict the coarse of mild or moderate cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN).Methods Immunocytochemical analysis using antibody against HPV L1 capsid protein was carried out on 274 samples obtained from women performed Tri Path Pap tests.positive for high-risk HPV DNA detected by hybrid capture Ⅱ (HC-Ⅱ)or cytologic diagnosed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)or more severe.For cytological diagnosed,there were ASCUS 105 cases,low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) 119 cases,atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H)9 cases,high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions(HSIL)36 cases,and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)5 cases.But for the pathologic diagnosed,there were chronic cervicitis 96 cases.CIN Ⅰ 55 cases,CIN Ⅱ 55 cases,CIN Ⅲ 32 cases,and SCC 6 cases.Results Of the 274 cases,HPV L1 capsid protein was positive in 69.8%(67/96) of cervicitis,83.5%(71/85)of CIN Ⅰ,41.8% (23/55)of CIN Ⅱ,3.1%(1/32)of CIN Ⅲ and 0(0/6)of SCC.Cytologic diagnosis revealed a higher expression rate in LSIL(75.6%.90/119) than that in ASCUS(63.8%,67/105)or in HSIL + SCC (9.8%,4/41;all P<0.01).Of 71 cases with ASCUS and ISIL without treated,none of HPV L1 positive cases(0/55)progressed in cytology,while 19%(3/16)of HPV L1 negative cases progressed to ASC-H,HSIL(P<0.01).Conclusion The expression rates of HPV L1 protein in liquid-based cell specimen is decreased as the cytopathology diagnosis severe degree.which may imply the histopathology diagnosis of cervix,predict the progression of cervical lesion,and help to treat the cases with ASCUS and LSIL.

Objective To analyzes the CT manifestations of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH). Methods CT features of 11 patients with PLCH proved pathologically were analyzed retrospectively. Results The main findings in 11 PLCHs were cysts and nodules. Two cases only had cysts,and 1 only had nodules, which most had cavitations. The other 8 cases showed cysts and nodules with 4 cases mainly manifested with cysts and nine mainly manifested with nodules. Two cases had pulmonary interstitial changes. One case only had cysts in the left upper lung field and 10 cases had lesions not only in the upper and middle but in the lower lung field, which 2 cases had more lesions in the lower and costophrenic angle field and 8 cases had less lesions in the costo-phrenic angle field. Three of these 8 cases had more lesions in the superior lobe and apical segment of lower lobe. Conclusion CT manifestations of PLCH are helpful for the early diagnosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Drug Industry ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Platinum Compounds ; blood ; Workplace ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effects ofTianqi-Yizhi granules on oxidative stress in the brain tissue, and learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease model rats.Methods A total of 90 male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups by random number table method: sham operation group, model group, huperzine A group and groups of low-, medium- and high-doseTianqi-Yizhi granules, with 15 rats in each group. The AD rat model was prepared by the left lateral ventricle injection of amyloid-β1-42. One week after modeling, the rats in the groups of low-, medium- and high-doseTianqi-Yizhi granules received intragastric administration of 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 g/kgTianqi-Yizhi granules, respectively; the rats in the huperzine A group received intragastric administration of 0.02 mg/kg huperzine A solution; and the rats in the sham operation and model groups received intragastric administration of equivalent volume of normal saline for 30 days. Learning and memory were evaluated using the dark avoidance test. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malonaldehyde (MDA) level in the brain tissue were determined. ResultsIn comparison with the model group, the latencies to step into the dark chamber in the high- and medium-dose Tianqi-Yizhi granules groups were significantly longer (239.05 ± 48.42 s, 214.35 ± 74.52 svs. 97.39 ± 30.69 s; allP<0.01), the numbers of errors significantly decreased (1.93 ± 3.25, 2.27 ± 3.09vs. 6.62 ± 3.45; allP<0.05), the activities of SOD (177.27 ± 63.10 U/mg, 164.53 ± 72.58 U/mgvs.72.56±21.04 U/mg; all P<0.01) and GSH-Px (2 899.36 ± 362.27 U/g, 2 407.68 ± 472.14 U/gvs. 1 397.64 ± 442.17 U/g; allP<0.01), and MDA level (24.75 ± 9.94 nmol/mg, 27.74 ± 5.82 nmol/mgvs. 37.56 ± 17.23 nmol/mg; allP<0.01) in the brain tissue significantly increased. ConclusionTianqi-Yizhi granules could attenuate oxidative stress in the brain tissue, and improve learning and memory in AD rats.

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference and consideration for pharmaceutical development by expounding the basic considerations for the selection of freeze-dried injection excipients. METHODS: The excipients in freeze-dried injections approved by FDA in recent years have been listed, and the composition of excipients in the preparations and the maximum amount of excipients contained were summarized. The issues to be considered in the selection of freeze-dried injections were discussed. RESULTS: One quarter of the freeze-dried injections that have been marketed do not use excipients, while the most commonly used excipients are bulking agents, buffering agents and pH adjusters. Other excipients include solubilizing agent, antioxidants, etc.. CONCLUSION: The selection of freeze-dried injection excipients should focus on safety, formulation rationality, functionality-related characteristics and control of excipients.

Objective To detect and analyze the levels of preoperative serum carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) and CA15-3 in early invasive breast cancer patients and their correlation with pathological parameters. Methods Electrochemical luminescence immunoassay (ECLI) technology was used to detect serum levels of CEA and CA15-3 in 223 cases of early invasive breast cancer patients, 109 patients with benign lesions, and 30 cases of heath control. Immunohistochemical (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to detect the estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone recepter (PR), and its HER-2 pathological indicators.Besides, the correlation of serum CA15-3, CEA levels and pathological parameters was analyzed. Results The serum CA15-3 and CEA levels of Breast cancer patients [(22.27±15.11) U/ml, (5.03± 0.49) μg/L] were significantly higher than that of patients in benign lesion group [(14.13±3.04) U/ml, (2.72± 0.11) μg/L] (P< 0.05). CEA level of patients with histological grade Ⅲ was (6.34 ±0.93) μg/L, significantly higher than the level Ⅰ-Ⅱ (4.23±0.50) μg/L (P< 0.05). CA15-3 level was (19.26±15.08) U/ml in T1 tumors, and CA15-3 level was (28.73 ±11.53) U/ml in T2 tumors (P<0.05). The serum levels of CEA and CA15-3 between different histology, pathologic stage, lymph node status, ER, PR, HER-2, pathological characteristics had no significant difference (P>0.05). CEA positive rate of breast cancer group was significantly higher than that of benign lesions(13.5%vs. 3.7%, 26.5%vs. 1.8%, P<0.05). 30 cases of normal control group had no positive one. The joint monitoring sensitivity of CEA and CA15-3 breast cancer group was 9.4 %, the sensitivity was 0 in benign lesion group. There was significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion The changes of Serum CA15-3 and CEA levels in breast cancer patients can be considered as the judgment standard for early diagnosis, pathological staging, prognosis and clinical effect monitoring.

Objective To investigate the action mechanism of Tianqi Yizhi Granules for Alzheimer disease. Methods Ninety SD rats were divided into sham-operation group, model group, positive medicine group, high, medium and low dosage of Tianqi Yizhi Granules groups. SD rats were injected with aggregated amyloid β1-42 protein (Aβ1-42) into their left ventricle to establish AD models. Treatment groups received gavage with Huperzine A or Tianqi Yizhi Granules. The sham-operation group and model group received gavage with the same volume of normal saline. The mitochondrial membrane potential, activity of complex Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ of mitochondrial respiratory chain, enzymatic activity of Na+-K+ATP, energy charge, and space leaning ability were detected. Results Compared with model group, Tianqi Yizhi Granules could significantly improve mitochondrial membrane potential, activity of complex Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ of mitochondrial respiratory chain, enzymatic activity of Na+-K+ATP, space leaning ability, and energy metabolism of brain in AD rats. Conclusion Tianqi Yizhi Granules showed mitochondrial protective capacity, and could improve energy metabolism of brain in AD rats, and then improve AD rats’ space learning ability.