Objective To survey the social support status and demands for family caregivers of the disabled elderly.Methods A cross-sectional survey based on convenience sampling was conducted among 779 disabled elderly and their family caregivers from May to June 2013 in five communities of Beijing Dongcheng District.Barthel index was used to measure the degree of functional impairment of the elderly.Self-rating Depression Scales (SDS) was used to evaluate depression symptoms of caregivers.Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and social support demand questionnaire were used to measure the social support status and social support demands of caregivers,respectively.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influence factors of social support.Results Total 779 caregivers were identified and 744 caregivers completed the questionnaires with a valid response rate of 95.5％.Among 744 family caregivers the social support levels were low with an average SSRS score of 31.16 ± 6.86.There were significant differences in SSRS scores among caregivers of disabled elderly with different characteristics (age,married status and the Barthel index score) (all P ＜ 0.05);and there were significant differences in SSRS scores among caregivers with different characteristics (age,educational level,married status,current employment,relationship with patients,caregiving time daily,subjective care burden,living with patients,number of caregivers and depression status) (all P ＜ 0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the Barthel index score of the disabled elderly,the relationship with the elderly,depression status of the caregivers and the subjective care burden were correlated with the social support level of family caregivers (all P ＜0.05);the standard regression coefficients of above significant factors were 0.098,0.190,0.134 and 0.155,respectively.The social support demands of family caregivers were various;the average score was 2.44 ± 0.64,the top three demands were provision of care subsidy for the disabled elderly (average score was 2.95 ± 0.93),provision of care allowance for family caregivers (average score was 2.90 ± 0.93) and the guidance of safe medication (average score was 2.83 ± 0.83).Conclusions Family caregivers for the disabled elderly obtain low level social support in the surveyed area.Since the earegivers have various social support demands,the social support and assistance for them should be specific,effective and comprehensive.

Objective To investigate the effect of community comprehensive intervention on health behavior and self-rated health status among family caregivers of disabled elderly.Methods One hundredand twenty family caregivers of disabled elderly were selected from community health service centers of Beijing Dongcheng District,and were given 6 month-comprehensive community intervention (intervention group);121 family caregivers of disabled elderly from another community were selected as the control group.The knowledge and skills of caregiving,health behaviors (daily exercise time,daily relaxation time) and self-rated health status were evaluated before and 6 months after intervention.Results The knowledge and skill scores in intervention group were improved by 50.781 points,the daily exercise time and daily relaxation time were prolonged by 0.491 h and 0.837 h,respectively after the intervention (all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in self-rated health status of two groups before and after intervention (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Community comprehensive intervention improves the knowledge and skills of caregiving,and the health behaviors among family caregivers of disabled elderly,but the intervention measures does not impact the self-rated health status of family caregivers.

Objective To explore the relationship between care burden and social support among family caregivers of disabled elders in Beijing urban area.Methods A cross-sectional survey based on convenience sampling was conducted among 744 family caregivers in Dongcheng District in Beijing urban area.All subjects were interviewed by the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI),Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and general social and demographical material lists.And then we analyzed the correlation between social support and care burden.Results The mean scores of ZBT and SSRS were (40.3 ± 15.2) and (31.1 ± 6.9)respectively.And a negative correlation existed between the level of caregiver burden and total social support.The care burden of disability elders was negatively associated with objective support,subjective support and social support availability (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There is a close relationship between care burden and social support among family caregivers of disabled elders.The more objective support,subjective support and social support availability the caregivers acquire,the less burden they bear.

Objective To study the clinical and pathological influence of high uric acid on idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) Methods A retrospective study with 314 patients diagnosed with IMN from January 2014 to June 2016 was conducted and the clinical pathological influence of high uric acid on IMN was analyzed.Results (1) Of the total,the prevalence of hyperuricaemia patients was 23.2％ (73 cases);(2) The difference of age,course of the disease,blood pressure and symptoms between hyperuricaemia IMN patients and IMN patients with normal uric acid was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05);(3) Laboratory test indexes such as blood lipid and renal function between hyperuricaemia IMN patients and IMN patients with normal uric acid indicated statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05);(4) The pathological damage was aggravated in hyperuricaemia IMN patients (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion High uric acid can enhance the clinical and pathological damage of IMN,and comprehensive and effective treatments should be conducted to delay the development of disease.

Objective To determine the effects of pudendal ncrve stimulation with different frequency(5 Hz,20 Hz) on bladder dysfunction dogs after spinal cord injury.Methods The study was done in 4 dogs which chronic spinal cord transection at T9-T10 level.All the dogs underwent electrical stimulation of pudendal nerve (5 Hz,20 Hz).Then,bladder capacity,compliance,non-voiding contraction number (NVC) and voiding efficiency before and during stimulation were compared.Results The bladder capacity and the compliance was increased ( 58.9 ± 17.4) ％ and (53.1 ± 4.9 ) ％ ( P ＜ 0.05 ) by pudendal nerve stimulation with low frequency (5 Hz).Detrusor overactivity can be inhibited and the NVC decreased from 1.7 ± 1.3 to 0.9 ± 1.1.Pudendal nerve stimulation with medium frequency ( 20 Hz) can induce bladder contraction and increased voiding efficiency from (5.8 ± 1.0) ％ to ( 16.3 ± 2.6 ) ％ ( P ＜0.05).Conclusions Pudendal nerve stimulation with low frequency can inhibit detrusor overactivity and increase the bladder capacity and compliance in spinal cord injury dogs.Pudendal nerve stimulation with medium frequency can induce bladder contraction and increased voiding efficicncy.

Objective:To screen and characterize aptamers against BCR-ABL fusion protein.Methods:A 90bp single stranded DNA( ssDNA) random library was subjected to 13 rounds of selection against BCR-ABL fusion protein by systematic evolution of ligands by expotential enrichment ( SELEX ) method, the selected aptamers were cloned and sequenced.The primary sequences and structure of aptamers were analyzed by Clustal W and DNA Folding Sever and the percentage of the ssDNA pool bound to BCR-ABL core protein were determinated.Results: after 13 rounds selection, the percentage of ssDNA pool bound to BCR-ABL fusion protein increased from 0.3%to 47.1%,the results showed that affinities of the Aptamers were different,the second structure analysis revealed possible stem-loops for binding to BCR-ABL fusion protein,the affinity of aptamer A2 to BCR-ABL fusion protein was highest with Kd values as low as 72 nmol/L.Conclusion:Aptamers against BCR-ABL fusion protein has been identified by SELEX methods from a 90 bp single stranded DNA library.And provide certain reference for the clinical treatment of chronic myelogenous.

Objective To evaluate the role of early cleavage embryo in combination with embryo growth rate and morphology scoring in embryo selection in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycles. Methods Six hundred and ten IVF/ICSI cycles were randomly assigned to group A(269 cycles) and group B(341 cycles). In group A, transferred embryos were chosen according to embryo growth rate and morphology scoring by 72 h(D3) after fertilization, while early cleavage embryo was added to the selecting system in group B. The pregnancy rate and implantation rate were compared between two groups, and the clinic outcomes were compared between transfers with early cleavage embryos and without early cleavage embryos in group B. Results The pregnancy rate and implantation rate in group B were significantly higher than those in group A (P < 0.05). Transfers with early cleavage embryos also achieved much higher pregnancy rate and implantation rate in group B (P < 0.01). Conclusion Compared with embryo growth rate and morphology scoring, early cleavage embryo in combination with embryo growth rate and morphology scoring can improve the clinical outcomes in IVF/ICSI cycles.

AIM:To investigate influence of demethylation/acetylation by 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine/trichostatin A(5-Aza/TSA)treatment on B-cell specific phenotype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells.METHODS:CD19 promoter-driven reporter with NEO cassette was constructed to realize transfection and stable selection of Hodgkin and non -Hodgkin lymphoma cells.The exogenous CD19 promoter activity in both cell line clusters with and without 5-Aza/TSA treatment was detected and compared.The B-cell specific expression profiling in Eμ-myc transgenic mouse model developed lymphoma was isolated and identified.The effects of 5-Aza/TSA treatment on B-cell specific phenotype were analyzed.RESULTS:Epigenetic modification via 5-Aza/TSA repressed B-cell specific phenotype in B-cell-derived non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells. CONCLUSION:Epigenetic modification of pivotal master repressor genes plays an essential role in B -cell phenotype of both human and murine developed B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells.

Objective To evaluate the long-term safety, efficacy and complications of placement vena cava filter in prevention of pulmonary embolism. Methods Seventy-three patients with proven diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and (or) pulmonary embolism (PE) by Doppler ultrasonography, DSA, CT or MRI, received percutaneous inferior vena cava filters (IVCF) from January 1994 to June 2005. The clinical data and imaging findings were evaluated retrospectively. The patients underwent telephone interview or questionnaire, abdominal X-rays, Doppler ultrasonography, computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) or indirect CT venography (CTV) after a follow-up duration of 5 months to 11 years. Results Seventy-eight vena cava filters were used. There was 1 case of incomplete filter opening when placing filter. In follow-up, thrombi were trapped in the filter in 2 cases, filter tilting happened in 1 case, and there were no filter migration, filter disruption, filter perforation. Five of 73 cases were lost in follow-up visit, 14 patients died after implantation (5 days to 41 months, average 14.5 months). Among the 54 living patients, the identified recurrent PE was not noted. Three cases of recurrent DVT, 1 case of inferior vena caval thrombosis and 1 case of thrombosed filters were seen in follow- up. Conclusion Inferior veua cava filter is safe and effective for the long-term prevention pulmonary embolism, and the long-term major complications after filter placement are not frequent.

Based on suspected pulmonary nodule segmentation images obtained previously and with a large-sample training, automatic detection and diagnosis of the pulmonary nodules on CT images was realized by extracting the multi-dimensional features of the pulmonary nodule images and the application of LDA and SVM statistical classifiers. Experimental results showed that this detection and diagnosis method produced better classification results, and is practical for application in CAD systems.
Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Linear Models ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule ; diagnostic imaging ; Support Vector Machine ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods