The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of sequoyitol (Seq) on expression of eNOS and NOX4 in aortas of type 2 diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetic rats induced by high fat and high sugar diet and low dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg x kg(-1)) and were administered Seq (12.5, 25 and 50 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 6 weeks. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weight were tested. Acetylcholine (Ach) induced endothelium-dependent relaxation and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced endothelium-independent relaxation were measured in aortas for estimating endothelial function. Aortic morphological change was observed with HE staining. The level of serum insulin was measured by radioimmunoassay. The total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO levels in aortas were determined according to the manufacturer's instructions. In addition, the expressions of eNOS and NOX4 in aortas were measured by immunohistochemisty, real-time PCR or Western blotting. The results showed that Seq significantly decreased FBG and insulin resistance, and improved aortic endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation function. The expressions of NOX4 and MDA content were obviously decreased, while the expression of eNOS, the levels of NO and T-AOC increased significantly in aortas of diabetic rats with Seq treatment. In conclusion, Seq protects against aortic endothelial dysfunction of type 2 diabetic rats through down-regulating expression of NOX4 and up-regulating eNOS expression.
Animals ; Aorta ; metabolism ; pathology ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Body Weight ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Inositol ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Insulin ; blood ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; NADPH Oxidase 4 ; NADPH Oxidases ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin ; Vasodilation ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect and mechanism of sequoyitol (Sep) on high glucose-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury.

METHODSHUVECs were cultured with high glucose (30 mmol/L) in the presence or absence of sequoyitol (0.1, 1 and 10 micromol/L) for 24 h. Cell proliferation was measured by BrdU marking and cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate was used to evaluate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The NO, malonydialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 levels were determined by colorimetric method according to the manufacturer's instructions. The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot.

RESULTSIn the present study, we found that sequoyitol pretreatment for 1 h significantly decreased cell injury, promoted cell proliferation. Meanwhile sequoyitol significantly down-regulated NOX4 expression and decreased the level of ROS, MDA and H2O2 and obviously increased NO levels and up-regulated eNOS expression.

CONCLUSIONSequoyitol alleviates high glucose-induced cell injuries in HUVECs via inhibiting oxidative stress and up-regulating eNOS expression.

Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Glucose ; toxicity ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; metabolism ; Inositol ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; NADPH Oxidase 4 ; NADPH Oxidases ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

Septic shock is the most serious stage of sepsis and the main cause of the high mortality.So far,the scientists have paid more attentions on biomarkers for the early diagnosis and therapy monitoring of septic shock.As a kind of acute phase proteins, heparin-binding protein (HBP)has functions with increasing vascular permeability, sterilization, chemotaxis and regulating cell apoptosis.When the level of plasma HBP is high, it suggests that the patient has severe sepsis with edema and vascular collapse and can beapplied as a valuable biomarker for early diagnosis and therapy monitoring of septic shock.This review focuses on common inflammatory biomarkers for clinical application of sepsis, as well the structure and function of HBP and its clinical application of septic shock.

Objective To investigate the peripheral blood Th17 and CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cell levels and their correlations in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC).Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 30 PHC patients and 25 healthy controls in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University from June 2008 to May 2009.Mononuclear cells were isolated and the Th17 and CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells were detected by flow cytometry and compared between patients and controls by t test.Spearman test was performed to analyze the correlation of Th17 with CD4 + CD25 +regulatory T cell concentrations.Results The levels of Th17 and CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells in peripheral blood in healthy controls were (2.10 ± 0.87) ％ and (7.10 ± 2.32) ％ ; while those in PHC patients were (3.38±1.68)％ and (11.78±5.62)％ (t=3.640 and 4.162,P＜0.01).The level of Th17 cells was positively associated with that of CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells in PHC patients (r =0.821,P ＜0.01).Conclusion The levels of Th17 and CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells in peripheral blood are high in PHC patients and positively correlated with each other,which indicates that CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells may contribute to the disease progression and pathogenesis of carcinoma through inducing Th17 cells differentiation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Burns ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Wound Healing ; drug effects ; Young Adult

Adolescent ; Amblyopia ; genetics ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Finger Joint ; pathology ; Hearing Loss, Conductive ; congenital ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree ; Young Adult

We try to discuss the relationship between burn and Kawasaki disease (KD), and to study the diagnosis and treatment of KD in burn children. The medical records of one burn child with KD from our pediatric ward together with those of 5 burn children with KD retrieved from foreign literature were analyzed. The clinical features of KD, including bilateral nonexudative conjunctivitis, erythema of the lips and oral mucosa, skin rash, cervical lymphadenopathy, changes in the distal part of extremities, were enrolled in the study. Six patients were male and younger than 5 years old, with 2 suffering from mild burn, 2 with moderate burn, and 2 with severe burn. Two days after second degree burn, all burn children had fever and skin rash with 4 or 5 clinical symptoms and signs of KD. Among them, coronary artery dilatation was found in 1 case as detected by echocardiography, positive wound culture was found in 2 cases, negative blood culture was found in 6 cases. All patients were given high-dose gamma globulin or (and) aspirin within 10 days after the first fever, followed by control and amelioration of the disease. We conclude that the pathogenesis of KD may be related with burn wound and reabsorption of edema. KD may be suspected in burn children younger than 5 years when they had fever and skin rash at the same time.
Burns ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy

ObjectiveTo evaluate gallbladder conserving gallstone removal and polyps resection using combination laparoscopy,hard gallbladder endoscopy and soft choledochoscopy.MethodsClinical data of 122 patients with cholecystolithiasis or polyps undergoing removal of calculus (polyps) and preservation of gallbladder were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsGallstones in 56 patients and polyps in 24 cases was removed or resected successfully by laparoscopy and hard gallbladder endoscopy; In the remaining 34 cases stones were completely removed by combination soft choledochoscopy; 8 cases were converted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Romoved stone was single in 25 cases and multiple in 65 cases,with the number ranging from 1to 52,the diameter of stone ranged from 0.2 cm to 3.2 cm.In the 24 gallbladder polyps,7 cases were single,17 cases were multiple,the diameter of polyp ranged from 0.8cm to 1.2 cm.The operation time was 40-125 (78) min. The mean hospitalization was 4 days. No intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred.All patients were followed up for 1year.Gallstones recurred in 3 cases,and the recurrence rate was 3.06％. ConclusionsLaparoscopy combined with hard gallbladder endoscopy and soft choledochoscopy for removing calculi (polyp) and conserving gallbladder is safe and feasible.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the protective effect of chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) on right ventricular remodeling in a rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH rats were induced by a single injection of monocrotaline (60 mg x kg(-1), sc) and were administered with chrysin (50 or 100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 4 weeks. At the end of experiment, the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) were monitored via the right jugular vein catheterization into the right ventricle. Right ventricle (RV) to left ventricle (LV) + septum (S) and RV to tibial length were calculated. Right ventricular morphological change was observed by HE staining. Masson's trichrome stain was used to demonstrate collagen deposition. The total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in right ventricle were determined according to the manufacturer's instructions. The expressions of collagen I, collagen III, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were analyzed by immunohistochemisty, qPCR and (or) Western blot. The results showed that chrysin treatment for 4 weeks attenuated RVSP, mPAP and right ventricular remodeling index (RV/LV+S and RV/Tibial length) of PAH rats induced by monocrotaline. Furthermore, monocrotaline-induced right ventricular collagen accumulation and collagen I and collagen III expression were both significantly suppressed by chrysin. The expressions of NOX4, NF-κB and MDA contents were obviously decreased, while the T-AOC was significantly increased in right ventricule from PAH rats with chrysin treatment. These results suggest that chrysin ameliorates right ventricular remodeling of PAH induced by monocrotaline in rats through its down-regulating of NOX4 expression and antioxidant activity, and inhibiting NF-κB expression and collagen accumulation.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Heart Ventricles ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Monocrotaline ; toxicity ; NADPH Oxidase 4 ; NADPH Oxidases ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Rats ; Ventricular Remodeling ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of sesamin (Ses) on pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats with monocrotaline ( MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH).

METHODTotally 48 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed adaptively for one week and then divided into the normal control group, the MCT group, the MCT +Ses (50 mg x kg(-1)) group and the MCT + Ses (100 mg x kg(-1)) group, with 12 rats in each group. The PH rat model was induced through the subcutaneous injection with MCT(60 mg x kg(-1)). After the administration for four weeks, efforts were made to measure the right ventricular systolic pressure( RVSP) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) through right jugular vein catheterization, and isolate right ventricle( RV) and left ventricle( LV) +septum (S) and measure their length to calculate RV/ ( LV + S) and ratio of RV to tibial length. Pathologic changes in arterioles were observed by HE staining. Masson's trichrome stain was used to demonstrate changes in collagen deposition of arterioles. The alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression in pulmonary arteries was measured by immunohistochemisty. The total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in pulmonary arteries were determined by the colorimetric method. The protein expressions of collagen I, NOX2 and NOX4 were analyzed by Real-time PCR and Western blot.

RESULTAfter the administration for 4 weeks, Ses could attenuate RVSP and mPAP induced by MCT, RV/ (LV + S) and ratio of RV to Tibial length, alpha-SMA and collagen I expressions and remodeling of pulmonary vessels and right ventricle. Meanwhile, Ses could obviously inhibit the expressions of NOX2, NOX4 and MDA content and increase T-AOC.

CONCLUSIONSesamin could ameliorate pulmonary vascular remodeling induced by monocrotaline in PH rats. Its mechanism may be related to expressions of NOX2 and NOX4 expression and reduction in oxidative stress injury.

Animals ; Dioxoles ; administration & dosage ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Lignans ; administration & dosage ; Lung ; blood supply ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Monocrotaline ; adverse effects ; NADPH Oxidase 2 ; NADPH Oxidase 4 ; NADPH Oxidases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Artery ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vascular Remodeling ; drug effects