Paternity testing has to be cautiously practiced,since it involves issues coming from all aspects including ethics,legislation,family and society.If the educational backgrounds of the litigants prevent them from fully understanding the ethical and legal issues involved in paternal testing,it would thus be impossible to achieve a real "informed consent" for the litigants.It is our point of view that in these cases,and when no alternative solutions are available,it is the responsibility of those who perform paternity testing to advise the litigants give up the application for paternity test.Besides,it is time for judicial departments to place on the agenda the establishing of a technique standard for paternity testing and relevant judicial procedures,in order to protect the basic rights of informal consent and autonomy of litigants in paternity testing practices.It is in this article that some ethical and legal issues commonly involved in paternity testing are discussed.

Adolescent ; Anemia, Aplastic ; complications ; therapy ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; chemically induced ; complications ; Antilymphocyte Serum ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans

Objective To investigate the effects of rosiglitazone on the proliferation,connective tissue growth factor and Smad expression in cultured cardiac fibroblasts induced by advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs).Methods After being treated with various amounts of rosiglitazone,the cultured neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were incubated with AGEs.The status of cardiac fibroblasts proliferation and cell cycle were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyhhiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTI) assay and flow cytometry.Furthermore,ELISA technique was applied to identify the level of TGF-β1.The protein expressions of CTGF and Smad in cardiac fibroblasts of neonatal SD rats were detected with Western blotting.Results The exposure of cardiac fibroblasts to AGEs at doses of 0-200 mg/L induced a dose-dependent increase in cell proliferation.At the concentration of rosiglitazooe (0.1,1,and 10 μmol/L),the cell proliferation was reduced compared with 200 mg/L AGEs group by O.823±0.072,0.785±0.060,0.601±0.081 vs 0.981±0.049,respectively (P < 0.05).The increased levels of TGF-β1 in supematants of cultured cardiac fibroblasts stimulated by AGEs were inhibited by rosiglitazone at the concentrations of 0.1,1,10μmol/L by 257.77±9.09,230.29±6.56,200.84±10.26 vs 300.68±8.56,respectively (vs 200 mg/L AGEs,P<0.01).Western blot indicated that pretreatment with rosiglitazone (0.1,1,and 10 μmol/L) inhibited CTGF protein production in a dose-dependent by 0.769±0.108,0.590±0.095,0.534±0.115 vs 1.021±0.113,respectively (vs 200 mg/L AGEs,P<0.01).It was also demonstrated that pretreatment with rosiglitazone (1 and 10 μmol/L) inhibited Smad2 protein production by 0.424±0.059,0.396±O.080 vs 0.572±0.073,respectively (vs 200 mg/L AGEs,P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Meanwhile pretreatment with rosiglitazone (1 and 10 μmol/L) inhibited Smad4 protein production by 0.580±0.063,0.556±0.051 vs 0.672±0.059,respectively (vs 200 mg/L AGEs,P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Conclusions The findings suggest that AGEs promote the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and stimulate the protein production of Smad and CTGF of cardiac fibroblasts.Rosiglitazone inhibits the above reaction.These results indicate that CTGF/Smad pathway may play an important role in the protective effect of rosiglitazone on myocardial fibrosis.

Objective　To study the molecular mechanism about injurious effect of morphine dependence on the construction and function of hippocampal neurons. Method　 Mice were given (sc) increasing doses of morphine to form morphine-dependence model ,and the DNA and RNA changes stained with acridine orange (AO) fluorescence probe technique were investigated in hippocampal neurons of morphine-dependence group,naloxone-precipitated withdrawal group in morphine-dependence mice and control group. Results　 Compared with control group , the staining changes of DNA,RNA decreased obviously in hippocampal neurons of both morphine-dependence group and naloxone- precipitated withdrawal group in morphine-dependence mice,especially the later. Conclusion　Both morphine-dependence and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in morphine-dependence mice injured nucleic acid metabolism in hippocampal neurons ,especially the later.Those changes may be some reasons of decreased brain function ,especially in learning and memory deficits.

AIM: To establish the quality standard for Compound Lonicera Granules. METHODS: Fructus Forsythiae was identified by TLC.Chlorogenic acid and Baicalin were determined by HPLC. RESULTS: Fructus Forsythiae could be detected by TLC. Chlorogenic acid showed a good linear relationship at a range of 0.108～0.649?g,r=0.9999. The average recovery was 100.87%,and RSD was 1.28%.The linearity of baicalin was found in the range of 0.156～1.400?g.The average recovery was 101.31%, and RSD was 0.32%. CONCLUSION: The established methods are simple,quick and good reproductive. This study provids a method for the quality control of Compound Lonicera Granules.

Objective To determine the changes in action potential peak value and maximal nerve conduction velocity of rabbit sciatic nerve after being exposed to different doses of high intensity ultrasound (HIU) and establish the experimental basis for the use of HIU in patients with refractory pain. Methods Eighty New Zealand white rabbits of either sex weighing 2.0-2.5 kg, aged 5-10 months were randomly divided into four groups with 20 rabbits in each group :group Ⅰ 0 second;group Ⅱ 15 seconds;group Ⅲ 25 seconds and group Ⅳ 50 seconds. The animals were anesthetized and placed in the prone position. Sciatic nerves were exposed to 4 different doses of HIU (7.1 MHz, 40 W/cm2 f55 0 s, 15 s, 25 s, 50 s) in the four groups. The animals were allowed to recover. At 5 intervals (1 and 2 weeks, 1, 3 and 6 months) after exposure to HIU, 4 animals in each group were anesthetized and recording electrodes were placed on sciatic nerves at 2 cm distal to the site of HIU radiation, tibial and sural cutaneous nerves. The amplitude (peak value) and latency of action potential and maximal conduction velocity of the nerves were recorded. Sciatic nerves were obtained from one of the four animals for light and electron microscopic examination. Results The larger was the dose of HIU, the more time was needed for the injuried nerve to recover. In group Ⅰ (0 s) there were no significant changes in action potential peak value and maximal nerve conduction velocity at any interval after exposure to HIU;in group Ⅱ (15 s) there were slight changes in the electrophysiological parameters and the changes recorded on tibial nerve returned to normal soon while those recorded on sural cutaneous nerve returned to normal one month later; in group Ⅲ (25 s) there were significant changes in the electrophysiological parameters and it took 3 months for tibial nerve but 6 months for sural cutaneous nerve to recover;in group Ⅳ (50s) the nerves were completely blocked, no action potential was recorded and no recovery was observed after 6 months. Light and electron microscopic examination showed that in group 1 no significant changes of nerves were observed; in group Ⅱ there was slight deformation of myelin sheath which returned to normal 2 weeks later; in group Ⅲ sheath was broken or lost, and axon degeneration was observed at 1 week after exposure to HIU and the changes disappeared 1 month later; in group Ⅳ necrosis of the nerve was observed and no recovery was observed 6 months later. Conclusion HIU can be used for the treatment of refractory pain. Analgesia can be achieved with loss of only part of motor function. The nerve can be permanently blocked by HIU if necessary.

Objective: To study the antitussive, expectorant and antiasthetic effects of Fortunella hindsii leaves. Methods: The antitussive effects were observed by the method of ammonia-induced cough in mice, the expectorant effects were observed by the method of phenolsulfonphthalein excretion in mice, and the antiasthmatic effects were observed by the method of histamine phosphate spray in guinea pigs. Results:The leaves of Fortunella hindsii at low, medium and high doses could decrease the cough times and prolong the cough latent period (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), high dose could promote the phenol red excretion (P<0. 05), and high and medium do-ses could prolong the incubation period of guinea pigs for asthma caused by histamine phosphate (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Conclu-sion:The leaves of Fortunella hindsii have promising antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic effects.

This article introduced HUANG Hai-long’s clinical experience in treating miscellaneous diseases, such as hysteromyoma, secondary infertility and hemospermia, and introduced the therapeutical effect of hualiu decoction, which was one of HUANG Hai-long’s empirical formula, and explained the clinical experience in treating hemospermia by the method of applying clearing after tonifying.

Objective To study the effect of injectable osteoinductive materials with fibrin sealant as the vehicle on the reconstruction of segmental radius defect in dog, and to provide an experimental foundation for its clinical application in the future. Methods 20mm bone defects were created in the radius 18 dogs, and in the experiment group b [FS+bFGF+bBMP (bovine BMP)] composite, and in experiment group r (FS+bFGF+rhBMP-2) were injected percutaneously into the defects. A control group (FS) with bone defect only was also included. The reconstruction effect on the segmental dog radius defects was evaluated by radiography, histology, bone mineral density (BMD) at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks after operation. Results In the experimental groups with bovine BMP as osteoinductive agent, higher repairing capability and osteogenesis rate were observed in experiment group b (FS+bFGF+bBMP) compared with that of control group (P

Objective To investigate the effect of the injectable osteoinductive material with fibrin glue(FG)as carrier compounded with rhBMP-2 and bFGF on the proliferation and differentiation of marrow matrix cells(MMCs)of rabbit,in order to lay an experimental foundation for clinical application in the future.Method MMCs were isolated and cultured from bone marrow of a 3-day-old rabbit.The effects of the material were investigated in experiment group(group A:FG+bFGF+rhBMP-2),with control groups consisting of control group 1(group B:FG),control group 2(group C:FG+bFGF),control group 3(group D:FG+rhBMP-2)and single control group(group E:free of material).The observation objects included proliferation rate,adhesive rates,expression of type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase,cell growth condition in the material and the ultrastructure of rabbit MMCs with the aid of electron microscopy,histochemistry and cell culturing.The concentration of rhBMP-2 and bFGF in all groups was uniform(1?g/ml).Results The proliferation rates and the adhesive rates of rabbit MMCs in group A was significantly higher than that in group B,group D and group E,but was lower than in group C(P