Objective:To determine the location of mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) and whether the cellular immunity is induced after intragastric administration of BCG in mice.Methods:Viable MTB were detected in mesenteric lymph nodes?spleen and lungs at day 15,30 and 60 after intragastric administration of BCG to mice.The proliferation of T-lymphocyte with the stimulus of the purified protein derivative(PPD) was measured at day 60 and 90 after intragastric administration of BCG to mice.The expression of interleukin-2(IL-2) of T-lymphocyte in spleen was detected at day 60 and 90 after intragastric administration of BCG.Results:Viable MTB were detected in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen at day 15,30 and 60 after intragastric administration.At day 60 and 90 after intragastric administration of BCG to mice,the ratio of T-lymphocyte proliferation was 31.32%,37.94% separately and the production of IL-2 was 37.47?5.60 U/ml,39.41?7.73 U/ml separately.There were no statistically significant differences in the cellular immunity between the mice of the intragastric administration of BCG significant differences in the cellular immunity between the mice of the intragastric administration and the mice of the subcutaneous vaccination of BCG( P 0.05).Conclusion:Intragastric administration of BCG can induce cellular immunity in mice.

AIM: To set up population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PPK/PD) model of valproate (VPA) in children with epilepsy in China, and promote reasonable use of antiepileptic drugs(AEDs)in clinical practice. METHODS: Sparse data of VPA serum concentrations from 246 pediatric children were collected. These patients were divided into three groups: PPK-Model group ([WTBX]n=146), to calculate PPK parameter values of VPA and set up a PPK model; PPK-Valid group ([WTBX]n=100), to valid the PPK model; and PPD group ([WTBX]n=69), to set up PPK/PD model. Based on the data of PPK-Model group and PPK-Valid group, a PPK model of VPA in children with epilepsy in China was successfully set up by using NONMEM software by ourselves. Now, using the data of 69 patients in PPD group who were on VPA monotherapy and this PPK model, we set up PPK/PD model by NONMEM software. Efficacy of epilepsy treatment was divided into 5 grades according to the percentage of seizure frequency decreased (PSFD%): grade 1: PSFD% was 100%; grade 2: PSFD% was 75%-100%; grade 3: PSFD% was 50%-75%; grade 4: PSFD% was 25%-50%; grade 5: PSFD% was less than 25%. The quantitive relationship between the VPA serum concentrations and the probability for its efficacy score was characterized by Logistic regression analysis with NONMEM. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis showed that, VPA serum concentrations and the probability for its efficacy grades 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 were (23 ?g?ml -1, 5, 50%), (30 ?g?ml -1, 4, 32.3%), (50 ?g?ml -1, 3, 26.3%), (65 ?g?ml -1, 2, 36.5%), (78 ?g?ml -1, 1, 50%), and (100 ?g?ml -1, 1, 84.2%)respectively. CONCLUSION: A PPK/PD model of VPA in children with epilepsy in China is successfully established by using NONMEM software, and the probability of efficacy grade for any concentration can be calculated. It will be valuable to facilitate individualized dosage regimen.

0.05,compared with using 1.75 mmol/L calcium dialysate.The serum iPTH increased significantly,P0.05.Conclusion 1.25 mmol/L or 1.50 mmol/L lower-calcium dialysate can elevate the level of serum iPTH in MHD patients.

Objective There are still different news on the preemptive analgesia. We aimed to investigate the preemptive analgesic effect of rofecoxib on the tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) sodium current in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons m a rat model of acute pain. Methods Seventy-five male SD rats weighing 100-140 g were randomly divided into five groups with 15 animals in each group: (A) sham operation + placebo group; (B) operation control group received placebo orally before operation; (C) preoperatine rofecoxib group received oral rofecoxib 10mg?kg-1 h before operation; (D) and (E) postoperatire, rofecoxib group Ⅰ and Ⅱ received oral rofecoxib 10mg?kg immediately (D) and 1 h (E) after operation. Acute pain was produced by an 1 cm long incision in the plantar surface of the right hindpaw through skin, fascia and muscle. Pain threshold to mechanical stimulation with von Frey filament was measured before (baseline) and 2, 6,12, 48, 96 h after operation. The animals were killed by cervical dislocation before and 24, 48, 96 h after incision. DRGs at L3.5 on the operated side were isolated and minced. DRG neurons were isolated by digestion with collagenase Ⅰ A and trypsin TTX-R Na-current density in DRG neurons were measured by using whole-cell patch clamp technique. Results There was no significant change in pain threshold to mechanical stimulation and Na-current density in DRG neurons during the experiment in group A, The withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli was significantly decreased after operation compared to the baseline in the four groups ( B, C, D, E). The decrease in pain threshold was significantly less in group C,D,E than that m group B at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 h after operation and was the least in group C Current density (pA/pF) was significantly increased at 24 h and 48 h after operation compared to baseline in group B, C, D, E. The increase in current density was significantly less in group C, D, E than in group B and was the least in group C.Conclusion Rofecoxib given before operation has preemptive analgesic effect in a rat model of acute pain. Stronger inhibition of TTX-R Na-current m DRG neurons may contribute to the underlying mechanism.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the perioperative prophylactic use of antibacteirals in patients undergoing simple goiter surgery.METHODS:The perioperative prophylactic use of antibacteirals in 240 patients of our hospital undergoing simple goiter surgery was analyzed statistically in respect of drug variety,DDDs,drug combination,medication time,curative effects,adverse drug reactions(ADR)etc.RESULTS:Of the 240 cases,238(99%)received prophylactic antimicrobials,with cephalosporins and quinolones dominating the list in terms of DDDs.The irrational drug use manifested as high proportion of high grade drugs in preventive medication,the prolonged postoperative use of antibacterials,and high rate of combined use of drugs etc.CONCLUSION:It is urgent to intensify physicians' consciousness about rational perioperative use of antibacterials.

2 months were selected. Anthropometric measurements, laboratory examinations and dietary surveys were used to assess the nutritional status. ResultsBody weight(53.714.6)kg and body mass index (BMI) (19.34.6)kg/m~2were in low normal range. Total lymphocyte counts (2.000.71)10~9/L and serum transferrin contents (1.800.44)g/L were decreased and the creatinine-height index (42.4321.82)% was obviously lower than normal range of adult. ConclusionsThese patients have energy deficiency. The changes of the mentioned parameters could be the reflection of the nutritional status of these patients and also closely related to the changes of their body composition. It is necessary to evaluate nutritional state of the elderly patients. However, the characteristics of the body composition of the elderly patients should not be ignored and a global assessment is needed.

Aim A method of coculture of brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) and astrocytes of rats was used to evaluate nanoparticle' s blood-brain barrier (BBB) transcytosis and toxicity at the endothelial tight junction. Methods A lipophilic fluorescent probe, 6-coumarin, was incorporated in poly(ethyleneglycol)-poly (lactide) nanoparticle using double emulsion/solvent evaporation method. BCECs and astrocytes were firstly isolated from brain of newborn rats and characterized by their morphology and immunocytochemistry staining, separately. Subsequently, a coculture model with BCECs on the top of micro-porous membrane of cell culture insert and astrocytes on the bottom side was established. The permeability of 14C-labeled sucrose and nanoparticle were determined, separately. Results The meanweight-based diameter of 6-coumarin loaded nanoparticles was ( 102.4 ± 6.8) nm, with zeta potential of ( - 16.81 ± 1.05) mV. BCECs were positive for factor Ⅷ staining and glial fibrillary acidic protein was tight junction between BCECs in the coculture model could be visualized by both scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The unchanged paracellular transport of sucrose proved vivo situation for examination of the permeability of nanoparticle and toxicity evaluation.

Objective To study the apoptosis of multiple myeloma cell line KM-3 induced by NK cells. Methods WST-1 assay was used to detect the killing effect of KM-3 cells treated with NK cells at different effector(E):target(T) ratio. Flow cytometry was applied to analyze Annexin-V+/PI- apoptotic cells and the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Results NK cells could significantly kill KM-3 cells in a dosand time-dependent manner (P <0.05). After KM-3 cells- were treated with NK cells for 48 hours, the Annexin-V+/PI- cells were increased obviously in dose-dependence (P <0.05). The Annexin-V+PI- cells were increased in time-dependence when treated with NK cells(E:T ratio at 10:1) (P<0.05). The mitochondrial transmembrane potential of KM-3 cells treated with NK cells were significantly decreased in dose-and time-dependence (P < 0.05). Conclusion NK cell can kill KM-3 cells and induce apoptosis in a dose-and time-dependence manner.

Objective To analyze clinical manifestation,diagnosis and treatment of 8 patients with gas gangrene in Wenchuan earthquake.Methods Eight patients with gas gangrene in Wenchuan earthquake were selected for analysis on their clinical manifestations.We finally diagnosed gas gangrene based on patients'clinical manifestation and the cultured ciostridium in the focus of infection.All the patients were treated with antibiotics,repeated surgical debridement,hyperbaric oxygen and nutritional support.Results Most patients had no erepitation of the extremities but found gas in interstice of tissues identified by X-ray,B-ultrasound and CT scanning.Film preparation of efflusion of all patients showed clostridium and bacterial culture manifested mainly perfringens.Most patients were demonstrated to be with polyinfection.In addition,all patients were characterized by pitchy necrotic tissues,effusion,systemic decrease of red blood cells,increase of white blood cells and platelet.No death or amputation occurred under active combined therapy.Conciusions Earthquake induces mainly open trauma often combined with mixed infection,when gas gangrene is one of main special infections.The predominant combined therapies include utility of antibiotics and thorough surgical debridement,while hyperbaric oxygen and nutritional support are important and effective adjunctive therapies.