In recent years,the basic research on liver fibrosis has been progressed rapidly.This article briefly reviews the cellular and molecular mechanisms of liver fibrosis,including the origin of myofibroblasts,immune regulation,autophagy,and epigenetic regulation,and introduces several new therapeutic targets.More and more evidences show that successful removal of causes is the most important antifibrotic therapy.At present,although the antifibrotic drugs acting on different targets have been emerging,most of them are still in the early stage of research and development,and well-designed clinical trials are needed to confirm their clinical efficacy.

It is now popularized that the multi-media and network technology are applied in the field of college English teaching.This essay discusses the characteristics of multi-media network auxiliary English teaching and the cultivation of independent learning ability.

Objective:To prepare and optimize sorafenib-Eudragit RS nanoparticles( S-E üPs)and investigate the physicochemi-cal properties. Methods:S-E üPs were prepared by a solvent-nonsolvent method. Single factor experiments were used to research the effect of solvent,stabilizer type,carrier ratio and the proportions of water phase and organic phase on the physicochemical properties of S-E üPs. S-E üPs were evaluated by the particle size,zeta potential and morphology,and the in vitro drug release of S-E üPs was studied using dialysis technology. Results:The mean size was(86. 72 ± 3. 71)nm,the PDI and zeta potential was(0. 20 ± 0. 032)and (36. 6 ± 0. 3)mV,respectively,S-E üPs showed spherical shape with uniform distribution. The drug release in vitro was accorded with a Weibull equation. Conclusion:The solvent-nonsolvent method is appropriate for the preparation of S-E üPs. The nanoparticles have small particle size,uniform distribution,regular morphology and significant sustained-release property.

Insulin-like growth factorⅠ(IGF-Ⅰ) is essential for the growth and differentiation of hair follicles which is an important part of wool and cashmere.But there is no report on polymorphisms of the IGF-Ⅰ gene in cashmere goat,and also few candidate genes for cashmere production traits have been reported in cashmere goats.The objectives of this work were to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) in the 5' flanking region of IGF-Ⅰ gene and to determine their association with fibre traits in Liaoning cashmere goats.The fibre traits data investigated in the experiment were combed cashmere weight,cashmere fibre length and cashmere fibre diameter.A few individuals of the Liaoning cashmere goats,selected according to phenotypic character,were used for SNPs detection in the 5'flanking region of IGF-Ⅰ gene,and four point mutation G→C(388 bp),A→G(668 bp),A→ C(719 bp),G→A(752 bp) were identified,which result in a CdxA bonding-site lack,and score increase of C/EBP site in the 5' flanking region compared with the wild type.Then different genotypes were detected in 520 Liaoning cashmere goats using create restriction site(CRS) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP),three genotypes,AA,AB and BB were observed coded for by two different alleles A and B for each SNP,and 13 diplotypes were identified in the groups of the four SNPs.The relationships between the genotypes and combed cashmere weight,cashmere fibre length and cashmere fibre diameter were analyzed.The statistical analysis showed that animals with the genotype AA of SNP2 in Liaoning cashmere goats had the thinnest cashmere fiber diameter compared with those with the AB and BB genotype(P

The origin and development of umbilical therapy in traditional Chinese medicine is explored from related literature in the history. As a result, the Shang period is regarded as initial period of umbilical therapy, while periods from Han Dynasty, Jin Dynasty and Southern-Northern Dynasties to Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty could be taken as stage of primary development. Time from Song Dynasty, Jin Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasties is believed as mature stage. Also the manipulation, application principle, indications and contraindications of umbilical therapy are explained. A brief overview of modern development of umbilical therapy is also described.
China ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; methods ; Umbilicus ; physiology

Objective To investigate the relation between expression of P73 , P53, P21 waf1 ,PCNA protein in the different diseases of gastric mucosa and the malignant transformation of gastric mucosa epithelium and their correlation in gastric carcinoma and the relation to histological type , lymph node metastases, depth of invasion of gastric mucosa ,TNM stage in gastric carcinoma. Methods Immunohistochemical staining(S-P method) was used to detect the expression of P73, P53, P21 waf1 , PCNA protein in 39 cases of gastric carcinoma, 17 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis and 40 cases of chronic inflammatory polyp and a statistical analysis was made according to clinicopathogical data. Results The positive rate of P73 protein expression in gastric carcinoma was remarkably higher than that in chronic inflammatory polyp and that in chronic atrophic gastritis( P 0.05). there was negative correlation between expression of P21 waf1 protein and TNM stage, lymph node metastases( P 0.05). Conclusion Probably high expression of P73 gene is one hot spot gene alteration of gastric carcinoma and expression of P73 protein in gastric carcinoma may play an important role in the course of cancerous development. As one tumor suppressor gene, P73 has its tissular specificity. Cooperative expression of P73 and PCNA,and the correlation of expression to P73 and P53 、P21 waf1 protein could be an important index to judge the malignant transformation and clinicopathological process and prognosis. P21 waf1 may be an early signal of gastric carcinoma or one of indexes to judge prognosis.

This review article compared the antiviral therapies recommended by major international and national guidelines for management of chronic hepatitis B(CHB)issued by American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, Asian-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver,Chinese Society of Hepatology & Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases,China Medical Association,and World Health Organization in 2015. The essentials and highlights of guidelines were compared,focusing on goals of therapy,indications of therapy,choices of drugs,endpoints and duration of therapy, management of treatment failure,treatment of CHB in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE:To develop a HPLC method for determination of the content of baicalin in Kugan gran?ules.METHODS:ODS-C 18 column was used and methanol-water-acetic acid(45∶55∶1)was used as mobile phase and UV detection wavelength was274nm.RESULTS:There was a good linear relationship between the concentration of Baicalin and absorption area value in range of0.25?g～2.5?g r=0.9992.The average recovery was98.4%with RSD=1.09%(n=5). CONCLUSION:The method was highly repeatable and accurate.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of retroperitoneal laparoscopy for patients with upper ureteral calculi. Methods A total of 35 patients with upper ureteral calculi were treated with retroperitoneal laparoscopy. Results The operation was completed in all but one patient, who was converted to open surgery because the calculi moved into the renal pelvis. The operation time ranged from 70 to 135 minutes (mean, 110 minutes). Intraoperative blood loss was 20 to 55 ml (mean, 36 ml). No patient had over-2-day urine leakage. Retroperitoneal drainage tube was removed 2 to 3 days after the operation. The postoperative hospital stay ranged from 6 to 10 days (mean, 7.8 days). One month after the operation, when double-J catheter was removed, ultrasonography showed that 9 cases who had severe hydronephrosis before operation was relieved. In the 26 patients with mild or moderate hydronephrosis, the symptoms disappeared in 17, and were relieved in the other 9. Seven patients with severe hydronephrosis and 11 patients with mild or moderate hydronephrosis achieved a 2-to 6-month follow-up, none of them developed recurrent calculi during the period. The severity of hydronephrosis in these patients was same to that determined one month postoperation. Conclusions Retroperitoneal laparoscopy is feasible for patients with upper ureteral calculi. The method can be used as an alternative to open surgery of microinvasive operation.

0.05).Except imipenem and ampicillin,there was significant difference between the resistance of non-ESBLs-producing strains from CAP and from HAP to other eleven kinds of antibiotics(?2 test,P