A high Streptolydigin-producing strain Streptomyces lydicus AS 4.2501-L8 with genetic stability was obtained from the original strain S. lydicus AS 4.2501-P28 by mutagenesis with UV and acridine orange, followed by resistance selection. Its yield of Streptolydigin was 177.0 ?g/mL, 96.2% higher than the original strain.

Objective To study the changes and significance of serum beta 2-microglobulin(?2-MG),cytocine interleukin-2(IL-2) in the clinical progress of childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP).Methods One hundred and ten patients of childhood ITP were chosen for the test group(70 cases of primary ITP and 40 cases of recurrent ITP),and 110 normal children for the control group.Levels of serum ?2-MG and IL-2 were determined by radioimmunoassay kit and analysed with two sample t-test.Results Among the patients,the serum IL-2 levels were significantly lower and serum ?2-MG levels were significantly higher than those in control group(P0.05).Conclusion Determining serum IL-2 and ?2-MG levels has important significance to reflect the progress of disease and direct treatment.

Volatile oil components and the contents and types of amino acid in spica of Prunella vulgaris were analysed by GC-MS and amino acid analyzer. Esters, fatty acids, aromatic hydrocarbon, ketone and several alcohol compounds were identified by mass spectrum comparison. In these ingredients, beta-ionone smelled aroma of cedar, raspberry, nerolidol showed weak sweet soft orange blossom flavor, neroli tasted sweet and fresh, nerolidol tasted sweet with light aroma of wood, hexadecanal showed a weak aroma of flowers and wax, alpha-sinensal had rich and fresh sweet orange flavor. To some extent, these types of aromatic substances can affect the taste of herbal tea or decoction made of Spica Prunellae. Among amino acids detected, natural amino acids accounted for a larger proportion, and those natural amino acids showed bitterness, slight bitterness, sourness (freshness), sweetness, slight sweetness, sourness (slight freshness). The results indicated that bitter and slightly bitter amino acids have the greatest impacts on the sense of Spica Prunellae.
Amino Acids ; analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; Prunella ; chemistry ; Taste

Data mining, as known as knowledge discovery in databases, is a non-trivial process of revealing the implied, previously unknown and potentially useful information from the massive data. In recently years, the applications of data mining in the field of pharmaceutical research of traditional Chinese medicine have widespread. Especially in the field of the heritage of experiences of na-tional medical masters, data mining plays an important role. In this study, we would expound of the use of methods of data mining in the heritage of experiences of national medical masters, and analyze their advantages and disadvantages, such as association rules, Bayesian networks, neural networks, and decision trees.
Data Mining ; Databases, Pharmaceutical ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neural Networks (Computer)

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Infusions, Intralesional ; Lung Neoplasms ; complications ; Lymphoma ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pericardial Effusion ; etiology ; therapy ; Recombinant Proteins ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Remission Induction ; Tumor Necrosis Factors ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

Chinese soft-shelled turtles (Trionyx sinens) in culture farms using an artificial warming system in Zhejiang, China,often show typical signs of white-spot disease such as white spots on their bodies, skin lesions, anorexia and eventually death. The sick turtles were mostly 5～80 g in weight. A suspected fungai pathogen was isolated from the sick turtles and verified as Pae-cilomyces lilacinus by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of its ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Detailed mor-phological examinations were also conducted to confirm the white-spot disease.

Objective To investigate the effects of canagliflozin combined with amiloride and benzamir on doxorubicin-induced ne-phrotic syndrome(NS)model rats.Methods A total of 49male SD rats were randomly divided into 7groups:normal control group(NG group),model group(MG group),canagliflozin group(KG group),benzamil group(BH group),amiloride group(AL group),cana-gliflozin+benzamil group(KB group)and canagliflozin+amiloride group(KA group),with 7 rats in each group.The NS model was established by injection of doxorubicin in the tail vein.The 24h-UTP of each group was detected one day before treatment to verify the successful preparation of the model.Each group was given intragastric administration according to the body weight of rats regularly every day,NG group and MG group were given equal amount of normal saline,the course of treatment was 6 weeks.After 6 weeks of treatment,the 24h-UTP,UNa,UK,UCl levels in urine and the albumin(ALB),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipopro-tein(LDL),Urea,Crea,CysC,SNa,SK,SCl levels in serum were measured,respectively.The expression of serum transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)and soluble thrombomodulin(sTM)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expression of TGF-β1 gene was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).The renal pathology of rats in each group were tested by the hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and Masson staining.Results After successful modeling,the levels of 24h-UTP,TG,TC,LDL in the MG group were increased,while the levels of ALB was decreased(P＜0.05).After 6 weeks of drug intervention,compared with MG group,the levels of 24h-UTP,TC,TG,LDL were decreased,and the level of ALB was increased in all drug groups(P＜0.05),and the level of TGF-β1 was decreased in the KG group(P＜0.05),and the levels of CysC,UNa,TGF-β1,sTM was increased in the KA group(P＜0.05).The results of HE staining and Masson staining showed that typical characteristics of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis appeared in the renal tissue of rats in MG group,all drug groups were observed in varying degrees of improvement.Conclusion Canagliflozin,benzamil,amiloride alone and canagliflozin combined with benzatrimil and amiloride could improve the macroproteinuria,hypoproteinemia and hyperlipidemia of doxorubicin-induced NS model rats.Canagli-flozin alone can effectively reduce TGF-β1 expression and thereby reduce kidney inflammation,but the combination of canagliflozin and amiloride may cause renal insufficiency and endothelial injury.

Near-infrared spectroscopy ( NIR ) is widely used in the area of food quantitative and qualitative analysis.Variable selection technique is a critical step of the spectrum modeling with the development of chemometrics.In this study, a novel variable selection strategy, automatic weighting variable combination population analysis (AWVCPA), was proposed.Firstly, binary matrix sampling (BMS) strategy that gives each variable the same chance to be selected and generates different variable combinations, was used to produce a population of subsets to construct a population of sub-models.Then, the variable frequency ( Fre) and partial least squares regression ( Reg) , which were two kinds of information vector ( IVs) were weighted to obtain the value of the contribution of each spectral variables, the influence of two IVs of Rre and Reg was considered to each spectral variable.Finally, it used the exponentially decreasing function ( EDF) to remove the low contribution wavelengths so as to select the characteristic variable.In the case of near infrared spectrum of beer and corn, the prediction model based on partial least squares ( PLS ) was established.Compared with other variable selection methods, the research showed that AWVCPA was the best variable selection strategy in the same situation.It had 72.7% improvement compared AWVCPA-PLS with PLS and the predicted root mean square error (RMSEP) decreased from 0.5348 to 0.1457 on beer dataset.It had 64.7% improvement compared AWVCPA-PLS with PLS and the RMSEP decreased from 0.0702 to 0.0248 on corn dataset.

OBJECTIVEThe present study is concerning qualitative and quantitative detection of Poria cocos quality based on FT-near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics.

METHODThe Poria cocos polysaccharides contents were determined by UV. Transmission mode was used in the collection of NIR spectral samples. The pretreatment method was first derivation and vector normalization. Then principal component analysis (PCA) was used to build classification model and partial least square (PLS) to build the calibration model.

RESULTThe results showed that conventional criteria such as the R, root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) are 0.944 0, 0.072 1 and 0.076 2, respectively. The misclassified sample is 0 using the qualitative model built by PCA.

CONCLUSIONThe prediction models based on NIR have a better performance with high precision, good stability and adaptability and can be used to predict the polysaccharose content of Poria cocos rapidly, which can provide a fast approach to discriminate the different parts of Poria cocos.

The statement of"qi transformation leading to the removal of pathogenic dampness"was recorded in Wen Bing Tiao Bian(Analysis on Epidemic Febrile Diseases)written by the Qing Dynasty physician WU Ju-Tong.Dampness in the triple energizer is caused by the dysfunction of qi transformation,and the treatment of dampness must be based on the activation of qi movement and focused on the promotion of qi movement and the restoration of the qi transformation in the triple energizer.For the treatment of dampness attack in the upper energizer,therapies of dispersing lung to smooth qi and resolving dampness to relieve the obstruction are recommended.For the treatment of dampness obstruction in the middle energizer,therapy of activating spleen qi by strengthening spleen and moving qi is stressed for helping the removal of dampness and for the eradication of the source of dampness.For the treatment of dampness stagnation in the lower energizer,therapy of draining dampness with sweet-light medicines and activating yang can be used according to the illness status.The three methods of treating dampness,namely dispersing the upper energizer,activating the middle energizer and draining the lower energizer,all embody the mechanism of"qi transformation leading to the removal of pathogenic dampness",and the therapies of dispersing lung with light medicines,inducing perspiration by opening striated layer,eliminating dampness with aromatics and draining dampness with sweet-light medicines should be used in accordance with the syndromes.The elucidation of the academic thoughts of"qi transformation leading to the removal of pathogenic dampness"can provide theoretical reference for the fundamental research of dampness syndrome and clinical application of therapies for resolving dampness in Chinese medicine.