Objective To investigate the pathological changes of ultrastructure of mucosa in various bronchial segments from type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Sixteen cases of type 2 diabetic patients were selected,2-3 pieces of bronchial mucosa and submucosal tissue of the lesion were taken from various bronchi during bronchoscopy and these samples were observed under a transmission electron microscope. Results The basal lamina of bronchial capillary were diffusely thickened and mostly showed onion-skin like change,protein deposited around and mixed with basal menbrance;irregular highly electron dense materials were found to deposite around capillary,capillary lumen became narrow or even collapsed,neutrophilic leucocyte marginated in lumen and adhered with endothelium;protein deposited in the interstitial;endothelial cells and pericytes had dark cell changes.The cistern of rough endoplasmic reticulum dilated and vesicle formed.Conclusion Bronchial mucosa and its surrounding tissues show characteristic pathological changes of diabetes,bronchial is also the target organ of chronic diabetic damage.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of plastic surgery of double-palpebra with reposition of lacrimal gland for blepharochalasis.Methods We operated on 10 cases (20 eyes) with dermatolysis palpebrarum which stopped attack and was static for more than one year.A double eyelid fold incision was made.Then redundant skin and sphincter palpebrarum as well as protrusion of intraorbital fat were removed.In the operation of dislocation of lacrmial gland we sewed up lacrmial gland in full thickness and fixed it to the periosteum of lacrmial fossa,and the levator muscle of upper eye lid aponeurosis prothesis or plication was choosed when the levator muscle of upper eye lid aponeurosis was broken or not.And for the shorted transverse diameter of coloboma of eye lid we sewed up the external palpebral ligament and fixed it to the periosteum of lateral orbital margin.Results All the 10 patients got satisfactory therapeutic effect,the cutis laxa had been amended obviously,the good upper double eyelid shape could be achieved,the reposition of lacrimal gland was finished,lapsus palpebrae superioris and shorted transverse diameter of coloboma of eye lid had been rectified satisfactorily.All cases we followed up for three monthes to one year,and dislocation of lacrmial gland had been amended in one case,others had been reposited well,without recurrence.Conclusions Blepharochalasis can be effectively treated by surgery,and it is convenient and effective to treat dislocation of lacrimal gland and blepharochalasis through a double eyelid fold incision.This multiple surgical treatment is not only a curative operation but also a cosmetic surgery.

Objective To investigate the effects of different oxygen inhalation modes on retinal vessels development in neonatal rat in order to approach its etiopathogenesis and provide experimental evidence for proper oxygen therapy for premature.Methods Totally 150 postnatal day 7(P7)Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups according to different oxygen inhalation modes(n=30 in each group).Experimental group 1 were exposed to 75%,60%,50%,40% and 30% oxygen in turn for one day,followed by room air exposure for 5 d.Experimental group 2 were exposed to 30%,40%,50%,60% and 75% oxygen in turn for one day,then exposed in air for 5 d.Experimental group 3 were exposed to 75% oxygen for 5 d,then oxygen supply was suddenly stopped,followed by room air exposure for 5 d.Experimental group 4 were exposed to 75% oxygen for 5 d,then the oxygen supply was reduced by 10% per day till oxygen supply level equal to room air,finally room air exposure for 5 d.The control group were exposed to room air in the same experimental condition.The retinal vascular development and proliferation were evaluated by stretched preparation(ADPase stained retina)and eyeball cross-section.The nuclei of proliferative retinal vessels of 5 groups were counted and the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expressions in retina were detected by immunohistochemical staining.The dependability between the nuclei of proliferative retinal vessels and the VEGF expressions in retina were also analyzed.Results In the experimental groups 2 and 3,there existed retinal hypoxia and formed abnormal new vessels as retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).The VEGF expressions increased after hypoxia,mainly in endochylema and nucleus of capillary endothelium of ganglionic layer of retina and inner nuclear layer.Linear correlation analysis of the data indicated the positive correlation was between the nuclei of the proliferative vessels and the VEGF levels in retina(r=0.807,P

Objective To discuss clinical features and harmfulness of acid-base imbalance in newborn by investigating the changes in blood gas of cord and artery blood,and to establish more appropriate prevention measures. Methods One hundred and ninety-two cord blood and 113 peripheral artery blood of neonates were measured for blood gas analysis by automatic blood gas analysis instrument from America;meanwhile,the concentrations of K~+,Na~+ and Cl~- were detected by biochemical analyzer.Results Among 192 neonates,179 were normal labor and 13 neonates underwent acidosis of different degrees.The incidence was 79.9%.Among the 13 ca-(ses),2 cases had severe asphyxia and both of them got serious mixed acidosis.For all the neonates, 156 cases got acidosis, 84 neonates underwent respiratory acidosis (43.8%), 47 cases with metabolic acidosis (24.5%) and 25 cases with mixed acidosis (13.0%).The left 113 neonates were abnormal labor.Among them,99 cases had acid-base disturbance of different degrees (87.6%). Among the 99 acid-base disturbance cases, 50 cases were single metabolic acidosis (44.2%) and presented the most common changes; the second was single respiratory acidosis, totally 20 cases (17.7%).The third was metabolic acidosis combined with respiratory alkalosis, totally 16 neonates (14.2%).Eleven cases had mixed acidosis (9.7%) and 2 cases were respiratory alkalosis combined with metabolic alkalosis (1.8%).Conclusions While the normal labor neonates still got acidosis of different degrees,the acid-base imbalance of abnormal labor is much more prominent,and the critical neonates often got mixed acid-base imbalance.Serious acid-base imbalance can cause fatal pathological changes in body.The dangers of acidosis and alkalosis can not ignore either. The condition of acid-base imbalance can be judged more accurately by the combination of blood gas analysis and anion gap.The perinatal health cares are important measures to prevent acid-base imbalance.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Humans ; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; therapy ; Stents ; Vascular Surgical Procedures ; methods

Objective:To prepare and optimize sorafenib-Eudragit RS nanoparticles( S-E üPs)and investigate the physicochemi-cal properties. Methods:S-E üPs were prepared by a solvent-nonsolvent method. Single factor experiments were used to research the effect of solvent,stabilizer type,carrier ratio and the proportions of water phase and organic phase on the physicochemical properties of S-E üPs. S-E üPs were evaluated by the particle size,zeta potential and morphology,and the in vitro drug release of S-E üPs was studied using dialysis technology. Results:The mean size was(86. 72 ± 3. 71)nm,the PDI and zeta potential was(0. 20 ± 0. 032)and (36. 6 ± 0. 3)mV,respectively,S-E üPs showed spherical shape with uniform distribution. The drug release in vitro was accorded with a Weibull equation. Conclusion:The solvent-nonsolvent method is appropriate for the preparation of S-E üPs. The nanoparticles have small particle size,uniform distribution,regular morphology and significant sustained-release property.

Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; therapy ; Humans ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; therapy

Objective: To study the antifungal activities of triterpene glycosides derived from the sea cucumber Actinopyga sp. Methods: Triterpene glycosides were isolated and purified by silica gel chromatography, reversed-phase silica gel chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, and RP-HPLC from Actinopyga sp. The structures of the triterpene glycosides were elucidated based on spectral data, chemical reactions, and related references. The antifungal activities of the extracts against three strains: Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus were assessed by liquid microdilution method. Results: Four triterpene glycosides were identified from Actinopyga sp.; and they included frondoside A (1), pervicoside C (2), holothurin A (3), and holothurin B (4). The MIC80 of compound 2 and compound 3 for antifungal effect were 1-4 mg/L, showing marked antifungal activities. Conclusion: Compounds 1 and 2 have been isolated from this halobios for the first time. All the four compounds show considerable antifungal activities, and pervicoside C may be used as a lead compound of antifungal agents.

ObjectiveTo compare the effect of patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) on pulmonary function in post-thoracotomy patients.Methods33 ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ patients undergoing selective esophagectomy were randomly divided into the PCEA group (n=16, treated with morphine plus bupivacaine) and PCIA group (n=17, treated with morphine plus droperidol) for 3 days postoperatively. Pulmonary function indices including respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (Vt), vital capacity (Vc) and pulse oximetry (SpO2) were recorded before operation and on the first 2 days after operation. Pain scores with visual analogue scale (VAS) at rest, deep breathing and with cough, and adverse effects were also recorded.ResultsRR increased, Vt , Vc and SpO2 decreased markedly in both groups postoperatively compared with the base line (P<0.01), but there were no significant differences between two groups. VAS scores were much lower in PCEA group, especially, when the patient was at deep breathing or during coughing (P<0.001).ConclusionPCEA is superior to PCIA in pain relief, but contributes no more than PCIA in improving pulmonary function in post-thoracotomy patients.

Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Brain Ischemia ; blood ; enzymology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism