Objective To investigate the role of oestrogen receptors and enteric mast cells in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) . Methods Biopsies from 59 patients with IBS and 24 control subjects were analyzed blindly for the number of mast cell ( MC ) , estrogen receptors and progestogen receptors in terminal ileum , caecum and descending colon (DC). Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the estrogen receptors (ER) , progestogen receptors (PR) and MC. And double Immunohistochemical staining was used to manifest the expression of oestrogen receptors in intestinal MC. Results The cells positive for ER were morphologically similar to the MC (R = 0. 884, P

Background Phacoemulsification for hard nuclear cataract is easy to cause corneal edema and posterior capsular rupture.Researches determined that soft-shell technique phacoemulsification can effectively reduce corneal edema,but the risk of posterior capsular rupture during the surgery is still existed.Whether intra-capsular bag soft-shell technique can protect the posterior capsular of lens from rupture is still unclear.Objective This study was to observe the effect of intra-capsular bag soft-shell technique phacoemulsification on hard nuclear cataract.Methods A prospective cohort study was designed.One hundred and sixty-eight eyes of 160 patients with age-related cataract and Ⅳ-Ⅴ grade of nucleus were enrolled in Affiliated Second Hospital of Zhengzhou University from November 2013 to May 2015 under the approval of Ethic Commission and informed consent of the patients.The eyes were randomized into the intra-capsular soft-shell technique group and conventional soft-shell technique group with the matched age,gender and nuclear hardness in a manner of randomized block design.A 3.0 mm incision of cataract phacoemulsification with soft-shell technique in capsular bag was performed on 80 eyes of 78 patients in the intracapsular soft-shell technique group,and conventional soft-shell technique phacoemulsification was performed on 88 eyes of 82 patients in the conventional soft-shell technique group.Intraoperative records including the cumulative dissipated energy,effective phacoemulsification time and posterior capsular changes were recorded during the surgery.Postoperative follow-up indexes included corneal edema,endothelial cell density,BCVA and intraocular pressure changes.Results The mean cumulative dissipated energy and operation duration were (20.13 ± 8.34) ％ and (14.28-±2.17) minutes in the intra-capsular soft-shell technique group,and those in the conventional soft-shell technique group were (19.67±5.24)％ and (15.36±3.49) minutes,showing significant differences between them (t =0.216,P =0.376;t =0.403,P-=0.518).Posterior capsular rupture occurred in 1 eye in the intra-capsular softshell technique group and 7 eyes in the conventional soft-shell technique group.The percentages of eyes with BCVA ≥ 0.5 were 78％,83％ and 92％ in postoperative 1 day,1 week and 1 month in the intra-capsular soft-shell technique group,and those in the conventional soft-shell technique group were 56％,71％ and 89％,with a significant increase in postoperative 1 day,1 week in the intra-capsular soft-shell technique group (x2 =5.130,P =0.027;x2 =4.361,P =0.032).The corneal endothelial cell loss rates were 6.97％ and 7.19％ in the intra-capsular soft-shell technique group and conventional soft-shell technique group respectively in postoperative 3 months,with no significant difference between them (P＞0.05).The intraocular pressure was (20.16±4.23) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) in postoperative 1 day in the intra-capsular soft-shell technique group,which was significantly higher than (17.38± 5.21) mmHg in the conventional soft-shell technique group (t =1.241,P =0.037).Conclusions Intra-capsular bag soft-shell technique phacoemulsification for hard nuclear cataract can decrease the intraoperative and postoperative complications and quicken the visual recovery after surgery.

As a kind of pesticide, fungicide and preservative, PCP had been used extensively in industry, agriculture and domesticity throughout the world. PCP contamination is generally associated with sediments or soil, it can also concentrate in organism. Regarding the character of high toxicity, long persistence and difficult to degrade, PCP has become a kind of conspicuous environmental pollutant because of widely use and inappropriate disposal. In the contaminated area, PCP can be detected in the water, soil and the body of organisms. PCP can affect human health through directly exposure or through food chain. The absorbed PCP can be stored in liver, kidney and fat,it can also increase the incidence rate of tumork, disturb the endocrine system, affect immune function,inhibit reproduction and development. PCP not only has a direct impairment on human body but also shows a potential impact in genetics.

Objective To investigate the effects of serum from burned rats on the gene expression in cultured rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods Bone marrow was extracted from sacrificed Wistar rats, and MSCs were then incubated for 24h in F-12 medium in the presence of normal rat serum (group N) or serum obtained from burned rats 3 days after injury (group B). Total RNA was extracted from both groups.The mRNA was isolated.An Oligo microarray containing 5705 genes was used to compare the differences of gene expression between two groups. Results There were four genes which expressed differently in two groups.In comparison with group N, the expression of steroid sensitive gene 1 was decreased, but that of fibroblast growth factor-4, dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase and a EST, which was moderately similar to Bmp2-inducible kinase, were increased in group B. Conclusion Serum from burned rats was able to change the gene expression of MSCs, and it might play the key role in wound repair.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between fragile histidine triad(FHIT) transcription abnormalities and HPV16 infection and human cervical tumorigenesis.Methods Total RNA from 5 cervical carcinoma cell lines(SiHa,HeLa,RJC-1,CS1213 and C4-1),58 primary cervical cancer specimens and 18 normal cervical epithelial tissues were extracted and FHIT transcripts were characterized by a two-step(nested) reverse transcription(RT)-PCR.The seven of the PCR products with different size were purified and sequenced.HPV16 infection was assessed by PCR.Results ① There were altered FHIT transcripts in SiHa,HeLa and C4-1 cells.Aberrant FHIT transcripts were detected in 39 out of the 58 cervical cancer samples(67.2%),but none out of 18 in the normal cervix tissue specimens(0%);HPV16 infections were identified in 37 of the 58 cervical cancer tissues(63.8%),but 1 in the 18 normal cervical epithelial tissues(5%),which showed a significant difference between these two groups(P0.05).③ The exon 5 and exon 6 were mainly deleted in the altered FHIT transcripts and no insertion and point mutation were found by DNA sequencing.Conclusion Aberrant FHIT expression was significantly common in cervical cancers and was correlated with HPV16 infection.These findings suggest that the tumor suppressor gene FHIT and high risk HPV16 may play a very important role in human cervical carcinogenesis.

Objective To analyze the distribution and influential factors of exam results in medical students' general surgery theory course.Methods 171 medical students were selected as subjects by cluster sampling,and the distribution and influential factors of exam results were analyzed.SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis,measurement data with (-x) ± s,and normality test with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.Those quantitative data which do not meet the normal distribution were compared with Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H test.Rank transformation univariate multi-factor variance of LSD (Levene test equal error variance between groups) or Tamhane method (Levene test range error variance between groups) were compared between two groups(3-4) and the influence factors of whether the grade was good was analyzed by single factor and multi factor non conditional Logistic regression model,with the test level of alpha=0.05.Results The distribution of total exam results was normal.77 score was outlier,and the scores of female students were higher than those of male students.Scores of total exam results,multiple-choice questions and essay questions in different classes were significantly different.Data from multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male students(OR=0.212,95％CI:0.077-0.584) were unfavorable factor for good exam results,while higher scores in noun explanation (OR=12.160,95％CI:1.985-74.495),multiple-choice questions (OR=9.887,95％CI:2.997-32.617),essay questions(OR=18.323,95％CI:6.593-50.928) were favorable factors.Conclusion The cause analysis of score's outlier and sex difference should be strengthened,and the influence of examination items on score should be emphasized.

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of Diabetes Diet-Related Quality-of-Life Scale (DDR-QOL) in Chinese version,in order to provide an efficient instrument for assessing the quality of life of diabetes in diet therapy.Methods Translating and edit the DDR-QOL scale initially,275 eligible subjects were invited to the study.DDR-QOL scale and 36 item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were used to collect data which were conducted for evaluating the internal consistency,reproducibility,construct validity,convergent and discriminant validity of DDR-QOL.Results The total Cronbach's α was 0.86.The factor analysis suggested good construct validity of DDR-QOL.Significant correlations were found between DDR-QOL and SF-36.The quality of life of diabetes who is on the job or not can be identified by DDR-QOL.Conclusions The Chinese version of DDR-QOL is a valid and reliable tool to assess the quality of life of diabetes who are in diet therapy.

OBJECTIVE Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) produced by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells are responsible for the cell growth. Accumu?lating evidence shows that insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) suppresses HCC cell proliferation in both IGF- dependent and independent manners. The present study is to investigate whether treatment with exogenous IGFBP-3 inhibits bFGF and PDGF production and the cell proliferation of HCC cells. METHODS Cell Counting Kit 8 assay were designed to detect HCC cell proliferation, transcription factor early growth response- 1 (EGR1) involving in IGFBP- 3 regulation of bFGF and PDGF were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot assays. Western blot assay was adopted to detect the IGFBP- 3 regulating insulin- like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF- 1R) signaling pathway. RESULTS The present study demonstrates that IGFBP-3 suppressed IGF-1-induced bFGF and PDGF expression while it does not affect their expression in the absence of IGF-1. To delineate the underlying mechanism, Western-blot and RT-PCR assays confirmed that the transcription factor early growth response protein 1 (EGR1) is involved in IGFBP-3 regulation of bFGF and PDGF. IGFBP-3 inhibition of type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R), ERK and AKT activation is IGF- 1- dependent. Furthermore, transient transfection with constitutively activated AKT or MEK partially blocks the IGFBP-3 inhibition of EGR1, bFGF and PDGF expression. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these findings suggest that IGFBP- 3 suppresses transcription of EGR1 and its target genes bFGF and PDGF through inhibiting IGF- 1-dependent ERK and AKT activation. It demonstrates the importance of IGFBP-3 in the regulation of HCC cell proliferation, suggesting that IGFBP-3 could be a target for the treatment of HCC.

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), as a key Ser/Thr protein kinase, belong to the member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) family. The C-terminus of GRK2 including a plekstrin homology domain and the N-terminus of GRK2 including the RGS homology domain with binding sites for several proteins and lipids such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), G protein, phospholipase C, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, protein kinase A and Gβγ, which can regulate the activity of GRK2. GRK2 can regulate GPCR desensitization and internalization by phosphorylating the GPCR, promoting the affinity of binding to arrestins, and uncoupling the receptors from G proteins, which play an important role in maintaining the balance between the receptors and signal transduction. Previous studies have indicated that cardiac GRK2 overexpression can promote the phosphorylation of β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) leading to βAR desen?sitization and internalization, which play a pivotal role in inducing heart failure (HF)-related dysfunction and myocyte death. GRK2, as a regulator of cell function, is overexpression in hypertension. Overex?pression GRK2 can inhibit Akt/eNOS signaling pathway and decreased the production and activation of eNOS leading to endothelial dysfunction. Collagen-induced arthritis induces the upregulation of GRK2 expression in fibroblast- like synoviocytes. In this review, we mainly discussed the evidence for the association between GRK2 overexpression and various diseases, which suggests that GRK2 may be an effective drug target for preventing and treating heart failure, hypertension and inflammatory disease.

Objective To investigate the effects of Inula Britannica on myocardial caspase-3 and cytochrome c ( cyt c) following overtraining-induced acute myocardial injury in rats.Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats weighing 200-220 g were randomly divided into 3 groups:group control (group C,n =8) ; group exhausting swim (group E,n =24) and group Inula Britannica (group IB,n =16).The animal model of overtraining-indnced acute myocardial injury was developed by exhausting swim.The animals were forced to swim until they were exhausted.The animals sank to the bottom and no righting reflex or escape response was elicited when they were taken out of water in groups E and IB.In group IB oral Inula Britannica 25 ml/kg was given 24 h and immediately before overtraining.Blood samples were taken from inferior vena cava immediately and at 6,24 h after overtraining in group E and at 6,24 h after overtraining in group IB for determination of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration (by ELISA).The animals were sacrificed after blood sampling and myocardial specimens were obtained for microscopic examination and determination of caspase-3 and cyt c expression (by immuno-histochemistry).Results Overtraining significantly increased serum cTnI concentration and up-regulated myocardial caspase-3 and cyt c expression in group E as compared with group C.Oral Inula Britannica significantly attenuated overtraining-induced increase in serum cTnI concentration and myocardial caspase-3 and cyt c expression in group IB as compared with group E.Conclusion Inula Britannica can reduce overtraining-induced acute myocardial injury by down-regulating caspase-3 and cyt c expression.