Objective To evaluate the influence of the resolution of medical grayscale LCD over the detective efficiency of pulmonary nodule.Methods By reviewing PACS, 93 on-line chest DR images were collected.These radiographs included 23 normal images that had no nodule confirmed by CT, 32 doubtful images that also had no nodule confirmed by CT,and 38 positive images that had nodules confirmed by CT.These nodules didn't show obvious calcification and their diameters were from 0.30 to 1.90 cm. Nine patients had multi-nodules.Three residents or postgraduates, three attending physicians, and three associate professors or professors interpreted the 93 chest images by using three types of displays: Barco Z-2261, Barco Z-3620 and Barco Z-5620.All observers evaluated their confidence of the presence of pulmonary nodule with five-point level rating scale : ( 1 ) definitely positive, ( 2 ) probably positive, ( 3 ) uncertain, (4) probably negative, (5)definitely negative.SPSS 11.5 software was used to analyze the results ,including to draw the ROC curves and to perform Z test.Results The areas under the ROC curves of 2 M display, 3 M display and 5 M display were 0.774,0.784,0.816 for experienced radiologists; for instructors were 0.754,0.764,0.768 ;for teaching assistants were 0.695,0.754,0.774.However, for the detection of pulmonary nodules,there was no significant difference between observers with different ranks using the same modality of display,and no significant difference was found between the different modalities of displays used by observers with the same rank.Conclusion It's equivalent for detection performance with 2,3 and 5 M medical grayscale LCD display in detecting pulmonary nodule; Experienced radiologists can get more information using 5 M display;By reasonably matching displays, we could improve the cost-efficacy.

Objective To study the clinical and image features of the aortic dissecting aneurysm(AD) combined with aberrant right subclavian arteries(ARSA),and to discuss the feasibility of endovascular repair for such disorder.Methods The clinical and image data of 4 patients,who suffered from AD combined with ARSA and admitted in the authors' service during 2004 to 2007,were retrospectively reviewed.All the 4 cases complained severe aches in their back,and one of them was companied with aches in upper abdomen.CT-exam showed that the first tear(gap) of AD located near or inside ARSA,the truncus aortae narrowed obviously.Four operational prescriptions were performed respectively for the 4 patients depending on the location of gaps and on the distance between the gap and ARSA.Results All the 4 cases received satisfy operation.A slight early leakage occurred in the first case without steal syndrome,and the lower blood pressure was 80 mmHg on right arm;for the second case,no leakage occurred with normal blood presser on both arms;for the third one a slight early leakage was companied with normal blood presser on both arms and for the fourth one a slight early leakage occurred without steal syndrome,and the lower blood presser was 60mmHg on right arm.Conclusion AD combined with ARSA is a rare case in clinic.The modus operandi of endovascular repair should be designed based on the situation of individual case considering the location of the first tear.Once the target area exposed is not wide enough for operation,subclavian artery bypass would be a right way in reduction of leakage complications and in increasing the opportunity for a successful operation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of caspase-3 in the brain of acutely pentylenetetrazole(PTZ)-kindled rats.MethodsThe caspase-3 positive cells were revealed using immunohistochemical SP method. CMIAS image analysis system was used to analyse the expression of caspase-3 hemi-quantitatively. ResultsFollowing PTZ induced epilepsy, the expression of caspase-3 increased both in the hippocampus and in the cortex, and that was more remarkable in the hippocampus than in the cortex.ConclusionCaspase-3 may be activated during neuronal apoptosis after epilepsy. Hippocampus is more sensitive to the neuronal damage due to epilepsy than the cortex is.

Objective To explore the effect of the improved abdominal rotation card method in insulin injection. Methods A total of 100 hospitalized diabetes patients were randomly divided into control group (n=50) and observational group (n=50) according to the random number method. In the control group, insulin was injected to the subcutaneous tissue of abdomen with traditional method annular rotating method. Insulin was injected using improved abdominal rotation card method in the observational group. Compare accuracy and mastery rate of injection site rotation between the two groups. Compare fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial 2H blood glucose (PBG), HbA1c, the incidence of hypoglycemia and endermic induration between the two groups after three months. Results The nurses in the observation group had higher accuracy rate of the injection site rotation compared to the control group [98.6%(690/700) vs. 38.6%(270/700),χ2=584.66, P<0.01]. Mastery rate of the injection site rotation for the patients in the observation group were significantly higher than the control group [70.0% (35/50) vs. 20.0% (10/50), χ2=25.74, P < 0.01]. The incidence of endermic induration were significantly lower in observation group compared to the control group [2.0% (1/50) vs.16.0% (8/50), χ2=5.98, P < 0.01]. The incidence of hypoglycemia were significantly lower in observation group compared to the control group [4.0%(2/50) vs. 16.0%(8/50),χ2=4.00, P<0.01]. Conclusions The new abdominal rotation method in insulin injection can be a safe and effective therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective To assess the influence of medical monochrome liquid crystal displays (LCD) with different resolutions for the detection performance of micro-nodules (diameter <10 mm) on chest radiograms. Methods Eighty-seven DR chest images that were verified with CT were selected from PACS on-line, including 32 positive images, 32 suspected images and 23 normal images. The diameters of all nodules were lower than 10 mm. Three of high-, mid- and low-experienced radiologists who participated in the ROC study interpreted these 87 images using three types of LCDs with different resolutions, respectively. Regarding the presence of nodule, five-point confidence level rating scale was used, i.e. definitely absent, probably absent, possibly present, probably present and definitely present. All observers marked their confidence levels of every image according to the presence of pulmonary nodule on different displays. Software SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results AUC increased with the increasing resolutions and radiologists' experiences in 2MP, 3MP, 5MP displays. For the detection performance of pulmonary nodules (diameter <10 mm), there was no significant difference among different types of displays or different aptitudes of radiologists. Conclusion It's equivalent for the detection performance of pulmonary nodule (diameter <10 mm) on 2MP, 3MP and 5MP medical monochrome LCD when no restriction on the use of image post-processing tools. Highly-experienced radiologist can get the most information when using 5MP display. It is advisable to combine the diagnostic workstation system with high-, mid- and low-resolution monitors, and reasonable equipment scheme between different types of displays and different aptitudes of radiologists could result in better cost-efficacy.

BACKGROUND:The thermosensitive chitosan is a kind of chitosan, its hemostatic effect, tissue compatibility andin vivo absorption need further investigations.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the hemostasis,in vivo degradation and tissue compatibility of thermosensitive chitosan hemostatic film.
METHODS: A total of 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, and carried out two
experiments at the same time. (1) The incisions of the liver in three groups were covered with the thermosensitive chitosan hemostatic film, celulose hemostatic cotton and gelatin sponge, respectively. Blank control group
received no treatment. The bleeding time and bleeding amount were recorded. (2) The incisions of the quadriceps femoris muscle of rats in the above three groups were embedded with the same hemostatic materials respectively. Blank control group was not embedded. At 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 weeks, the incision tissues of the liver and the quadriceps femoris muscle were harvested for observation. After 4 weeks, the incisions were observed with hematoxylin-
eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bleeding time and bleeding amount of thermosensitive chitosan hemostatic film and celulose hemostatic cotton groups were significantly lower than those of gelatin sponge and blank
control groups (P < 0.05). After 6 weeks, the thermosensitive chitosan hemostatic film was absorbed completely. After 3 weeks, the celulose hemostatic cotton was absorbed completely. After 2 weeks, the gelatin sponge was absorbed completely. The liver lobules of thermosensitive chitosan hemostatic film were complete, the liver cellwere normal structure, showing light sweling and little inflammatory cellinfiltration. Under transmission electron
microscopy, the liver cels had integral structure, cellnucleus and organeles remained intact. The muscle fibers showed complete structure and little inflammatory cellinfiltration. Under transmission electron microscopy, the muscle fibers
ranked tidily, with integral cellnucleus and organeles. The thermosensitive chitosan hemostatic film has good hemostasis effect and tissue compatibility.

80% defined as category A,B,and C,respectively.Category A drugs were regarded as the focus of management,category B as the second focus of management,category C underwent general management,category D drugs were regarded as the focus in purchase.RESULTS:Hospital first-order drug storeroom and secondary drug storerooms classified their drugs into their own A,B,and C categories (category D was consistent).The consumption sum of category A drugs(about 20% of drugs) accounted for 60%;the consumption sum of category B drugs(about 20% of drugs) accounted for 20%;and the consumption sum of category C drugs(about 60% of drugs) plus that of small quantity of category D drugs accounted for 20%.CONCLUSION:This method can ensure drug supply and help maximize ec-onomical benefits with least human,material and financial resources.

Objective To measure the dynamic and static frictional resistances between different self-ligating orthodontic brackets and different combination of tandem archwires.Methods On standard model the upper right quadrant Damon Q self-ligating brackets was pasted as team A,3M Smart clip self-ligating brackets as team B and Forestadent Quick 3.0 self-ligating brackets as team C respectively.Nickel-titanium archwires of 0.012 inch and 0.016 inch and two nickel-titanium archwires of 0.014 inch were applied to simulate sliding in the brackets and measure the friction changes in brackets and archwires,so as to explore the frictional resistance between different combination of the tandem archwires and different self-ligating brackets.Results When using the combination of two 0.014-inch nickel-titanium tandem archwires,the static frictional resistances was significantly different (P＜ 0.05):team A ＜team B ＜team C while the kinetic frictional resistance was also significantly different (P＜0.05):team A ＜team B ＜team C,When using the combination of 0.012-inch and 0.016-inch nickel-titanium tandem archwires,the static frictional resistances was significantly different (P＜0.05):team A＜team B＜team C,while the kinetic frictional resistance was also significantly different (P＜0.05):team A＜team B＜team C.Gonclusion There are different frictional resistance in different kind of self-ligating brackets and different combination of the tandem archwires.The combination of two 0.014-inch nickel-titanium tandem archwire applied to Forestadent Quick 3.0 self-ligating brackets has the biggest frictional resistance while the combination of 0.012-inch and 0.016-inch nickel-titanium tandem archwire applied to the Damon Q self-ligating brackets has the lowest frictional resistance,which enables the teeth to move at the fastest speed and facilitates the following use of the edgewires.

Objective To study the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF),epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in the pathogenesis of endometriosis under estrogen deprivation conditions.Methods The estrogen was quickly-stripped in medium and the female nude mice were castrated by bilateral oophorectomy to build estrogen deprivation in vitro and in vivo experimental models,respectively.(1) In vitro experiments:according to different treatments the estrogen deprived ectopic endometrial cells were classified into 4 groups:①EGF group:the ectopic endometrial cells were cultured for 72 hours with different concentrations of EGF (0.01,0.1,1,10,50,100 ng/ml),the results of EGF group were represented by the result of cells treated by 10 ng/ml EGF cultured for 72 hours ; ②EGF + PD98059 group:the ectopic endometrial cells were cultured for 72 hours with 5 × 10-2 mol/L PD98059 (inhibitor of ERK),followed by a cultivation for 72 hours treated by 10 ng/ml EGF + 5 × 10-2 mol/L PD98059 ; ③EGF + ICI182780 group:the ectopic endometrial cells were cultured for 72 hours with 10-6 mol/L ICI182780 [inhibitor of estrogen receptor(ER)],followed by a cultivation for 72 hours treated by 10 ng/ml EGF + 10-6 mol/L ICI182780; ④Blank control group:the ectopic endometrial cells were cultured with no treatment.The proliferation activity of ectopic endometrial cells in all groups after treatment were examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method represented by absorbance value (A).The expression of p-ERK1/2 protein were detected by western blot.(2) In vivo experiments:64 female nude mice were randomly divided into control and castration groups (both n =32) using random number chart.The mice in castration group were castrated by bilateral oophorectomy on 3 weeks after the endometriosis model was established.The levels of EGF,EGFR,p-ERK1/2 protein in ectopic lesions of both groups were measured on 4,6,8 and 10 weeks after the endometriosis model was established by western blot.Results (1) The proliferation activity of ectopic endometrial cells:the proliferation activity of ectopic endometrial cells treated by different concentrations of EGF (0.01,0.1,1,10,50,100 ng/ml) for 72 hours were 0.310 ± 0.010,0.340 ± 0.020,0.670 ± 0.010,0.980 ± 0.030,1.360 ± 0.020,1.670 ± 0.020,respectively,the proliferation activity was increased along with of EGF concentrations.The proliferation activity was 0.680 ± 0.030 at EGF + PD98059 group,the differences exhibited significant difference when compared with that at EGF group with 100 ng/ml for 72 hours(P ＜0.01).The proliferation activity of EGF + ICI182780 and blank control groups were 0.330 ±0.030 and 0.310 ±0.030,respectively,which did not reached statistical differences(P ＞ 0.05).(2) The expression of EGF,EGFR,pERK1/2 protein:① In vitro experiments:the levels of p-ERK1/2 protein in EGF and blank control groups were 0.670 ± 0.020 and 0.600 + 0.010,respectively,which reached statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).The level of p-ERK1/2 protein in EGF + PD98059 group was 0.610 ± 0.020,which exhibited significant differences with that at blank control group(P ＞ 0.05).② In vivo experiments:at 4,6 and 8 weeks after the endometriosis models were established,the expression of EGF protein in the ectopic lesions of castration group and control group were (0.530±0.015 versus 0.610 ±0.015),(0.400 ±0.029 versus 0.620 ±0.018),(0.560 ±0.026versus 0.630 ± 0.021),respectively,the levels of EGFR protein were (0.500 ± 0.030 versus 0.640 ±0.030),(0.470 ± 0.020 versus 0.630 ± 0.020),(0.510 ± 0.030 versus 0.610 ± 0.020) respectively,and the level of p-ERK1/2 protein were (0.500 ± 0.020 versus 0.580 ± 0.020),(0.490 ± 0.020 versus 0.580 ±0.020),(0.570 ±0.020 versus 0.590 0.020),respectively.The difference of EGF,EGFR,pERK1/2 protein expression levels between two groups did not exhibited significant difference(P ＜ 0.01,P ＜0.01,P ＜0.05).At 10 weeks after the endometriosis models were established,the levels of EGF protein in castration group and control group were both 0.620 ± 0.020,the levels of EGFR protein were both 0.610 ±0.020,and the level of p-ERK1/2 protein were 0.590 ±0.010 and 0.600 ± 0.020.No statistical difference (P ＞0.05) was found between those two groups (P ＞ O.05).Conclusions EGF could stimulate the proliferation of ectopic endometrial cells by activating the ERK pathway under estrogen deprivation conditions.The inhibition of EGF signaling system in ectopic lesions was alleviated along with the prolongation of the period of estrogen deprivation.

Perfofinance of the radio-diagnostic system can be evaluated quantitatively by the analysis method of the ROC curve.Areas under the ROC curves represent the diagnostic perfogrmance efficiency.A comparison of the perforrmance variance of the diagnostic system incurred by different diagnosticians,will find the diagnostic competence of individual diagnosticians.This can help hospital management in deploying personnel in the department of radiology reasonably.