Enamel pearl is an ectopic enamel, which usually occurs in the root bifurcate or approaching enamel-cementum site of the first maxillary molar. A case of multiple enamel pearls on the left maxillary third molar is reported in this paper, and relevant literature was reviewed.
Dental Cementum ; Dental Enamel ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Molar ; Molar, Third ; Tooth Root

Objective:To study the clinical effect of corticosteroids (C S) with small dosage in the recurrence control of pemphigus. Methods: 25 cases of pemphigus were diagnosed by clinical and pathological examinati on.They were treated with CS at 60-80 mg/d in acute stage for symptom control.Th en,the dosage of CS was decreased by 5 mg in each following 2 weeks untill it re ached 2.5 mg/2 d. The treatment of 2.5 mg/2 d was continued for 1 year and was a ssisted with tripterygium polyglycoside, compound thalidomide, compound cyclopho sphamide (compounded with total saponins of ginseng), dapsone, and/or some kidne y-supplementing herbs. The patients were followed-up for 9~16 years.Re sults:No recurrence was observed in 16 cases(64%).Recurrence was found i n 9 cases(36%),among them 7(28%) were with light symptom and 2(8%) severe. Sever e side-effect was not found in all cases. Conclusion:The recurr ence of pemphigus may be controlled without severe side-effect by long-term us e of small dosage of CS assisted with proper immuno-inhibitors, immuno-regulat ors and/or some kidney-supplementing herbs.

The currently used heart valve prosthesis are still far from the ideal one in anticoagulation and longevity. The construction of tissue engineering heart valve leaflets are carried out recently. This article reviews the progress of tissue engineering heart valve leaflets in implanting materials, seeded cells, animal experiment and basic research. It also discusses the benefits and feasibility of tissue engineering heart valve leaflets.

Forms and Records Control ; methods ; Humans ; Pathology, Clinical ; methods

Objective To compare the biomechanical properties between the two-level fixation by im- plantation of pedicle-screws into the adjacent upper and lower vertebrae of the fractured vertebra and the three-level fixation by implantation of pedicle screws into the fractured vertebra and its adjacent upper and lower vertebrae in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures.Methods Eight fresh frozen calf spines were used in this study.Each specimen was tested in four models:intact model as the control,L1 burst fracture model,two-level fixation model, and three-level fixation model.The L1 burst fracture model was created on a biaxial material testing machine (MTS858 Bionix test system,America).During the experiment,the flexion,extension,bilateral bending and axial rotation loadings were applied to the specimens and the range of motion(ROM)was measured with a three-dimensional laser analysis apparatus and the stiffness was calculated subsequently.One-way statistical analysis was used.Results The ROMs under six different loadings in the fracture model became larger obviously(P＜0.05)and the stiffness decreased(P＜0.05).The ROMs in both fixation models were smaller than those in the other models(P＜0.01)and the stiffness increased distinctly(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in ROMs and stiffness between the two-level fixation and three-level fixation models(P＞0.05).Conclusion Two-level fixation provides similar biomechanical stability as three-level fixation does in the reconstruction of unstable thoracolumbar fractures.

Objective To explore the relevance between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods Clinical data of 5299 singletonpregnant women accepted antenatal examination and delivered in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Results (1) The pregnant women were divided into 3 groups according to their FPG levels at early stage of gestation: Group A, FPG ＜5. 1 mmol/L (n= 4565); Group B,FPG≥5.1, but ＜5.8 mmol/L (n=701); Group C, FPG≥5.8 mmol/L, but ＜7.0 mmol/L(n=33). The incidence of GDM in Group A, B and C was 10. 69% (488/4565), 26. 11% (183/701)and 54. 55% (18/33). (2) The incidences of large for gestational age (LGA), cesarean section,premature birth, preeclampsia, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal polycythemia, and neonatal infection were compared between Group A and B. The cesarean section rate [54. 63% (282/518)]and neonatal hypoglycemia rate [1.54% (8/518)]of those who were not diagnosed as GDM in middle and late term in Group B were higher than those of Group A [49.03%(1999/4077) and 0. 61% (25/4077)] (P＜0. 05); while there were no differences between the other six index of Group A and Group B (P＞0. 05). The prognosis of the GDM patients who did not accept gestational glucose management in two groups were similar (P＞0. 05), so did the prognosis of the GDM patients who accepted gestational glucose management in two groups. After combining the patients of the two groups who were not diagnosed as GDM as a new group, they were compared with those who did not accept gestational glucose management of the two groups (Group A2 and B2)respectively. The incidence of LGA rate of the new group was lower than that of Group A2 (12. 00%va 4. 94 %, x2=21. 4159, P＜0. 05) and Group B2 (18. 39 % vs 4. 94%, x2 = 28. 7189, P＜0. 05).Cesarean section rate of the new group was lower than that of Group A2 (57. 78% vs 49.64%,x2 =5. 6806,P＜0.05) and Group B2 (66. 67% vs 49.64%, x2 =9. 9003, P＜0. 05). And there were no differences between the other six index between the new group and the other two groups (P＞0. 05). Conclusions The diagnosis criteria of GDM set as FPG≥5.1 mmol/L at early stage of gestation, recommended by International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, is not applicable in China yet. Oral glucose tolerance test in middle and late term is still the most important diagnostic tool for GDM.

Objective To investigate the effect of the examination mode which focuses on students' comprehensive skill and capability, and then provide some references for the consummation of the examination evaluation system of the course of pathogenic biology and immunology experiments. Methods Students of five-year class of stomatology of Grade 2009 were selected to sit the innovating examination. The evaluation of the effect was analysed by the way of a questionnaire. Results Many students set higher values on the innovating course arrangement and examination mode which improved their capacity of experimental design, operational technique, writing of laboratory reports, innovative ability and so on. Conclusion The innovating course arrangement and examination mode are superior compared to the old one and can improve students comprehensive ability.

Humans ; Interferons ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thalidomide ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

BACKGROUND:Hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactic acid composite can wel improve the brittleness and mechanical properties of the hydroxyapatite. OBJECTIVE:To study the biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactic acid composite biomaterials with periodontal ligament cels. METHODS:Passage 4 human periodontal ligament cels at a density of 5×109/L were cultured with hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactic acid composite as experimental group, and human periodontal ligament cels cultured alone as control group. Cel proliferation was detected within 7 days of culture; alkaline phosphatase activity was detected at 24, 48 and 72 hours of culture; and type I colagen expression was detected at 72 hours of culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no significant difference in the absorbance value of cels between the two groups at 1-7 days of culture. The alkaline phosphatase activity of cels at 48 and 72 hours was significantly higher than that at 24 hours (P < 0.05) in the two groups, but there was no difference between the two groups. The expression of type I colagen had no difference between the two groups. These findings indicate that the hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactic acid composite biomaterial has good cel compatibility.

There existed animal ethical issues in the process of functional experiment including poor breeding environment before animal experiment, insufficient prepare before class, not standard experimental operation, less attention paid to the study of anesthesia, disposal on animals after the experiment. Based on the analysis of these issues and combined with the thought of respect for animals′rights and attention to animal welfare, the authors put forward suggestions from the aspects including the schools′active attention and support, curriculum, standardizing the experimental design and operation steps, improving the animal experiment teachers′ethical consciousness, cul-tivating the students′experimental animal ethical consciousness. In addition, this paper put forward the thinking of further strengthening education:the domestic medical colleges generally need to strengthen medical ethics educa-tion, and should adopt various forms to cultivate medical students′medical ethics quality of treasuring life.