The article put across Meta-analysis well by giving its definition and analyzing its development. It empha-sized its effect in the clinical medicine and dwelled on dealing with the problems encountered when meta-analysis wasapplied and the solutions to the problems. It also pointed out its significant role in raising the level of clinical medicine,teaching and scientific research.[

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of proximal femoral locking compression plate (LCP)fixation in elderly intertrochanteric fractures patients. Methods 30 cases of intertrochanteric fracture fixed with LCP were collected,and the functional recovery of all hip joints was observed. Results The average follow-up and healing time of all cases was 10 months(6 to 14 months)and 3.5 months respectively. Hip joint function of 27 cases was excellent( Harris scoring≥90) ,that of the other 3 cases was good ( Harris scoring:80 ～ 89). Conclusion The proximal femoral LCP fixation had a good clinical value in treatment of elderly intertrochanteric fracture patients. It had many advantages, such as simplicity, rigid fixation, less trauma and bleeding, shorter operative time, less complications, high heal rate, etc.

Objective To establish virtual three-dimensional instrument and cerebral aneurysm models by using three-dimensional moulding software,and to explore the effect of the models in interventional preoperative simulation.Methods The virtual individual models including cerebral arteries and aneurysms were established by using the three-dimensional moulding software of 3D Studio MAX R3 based on standard virtual cerebral aneurysm models and individual DSA image.The virtual catheter,guide wire,stent and coil were also established.The study of interventional preoperative simulation was run in personal computer,and included 3 clinical cases.Results The simulation results of the working angle and the moulding angle of the head of catheter and guide wire in 3 cases were identical with that of operation results. The simulation results of the requirement of number and size of coil in 1 case of anterior communicating aneurysm and 1 case of posterior communicating aneurysm were identical with that of operation results.The simulation results of coil for aneurysmal shape in 1 case of giant internal carotid artery aneurysm were more than 2 three-dimensional coils with size of 3mm?3 cm from the operation results,and the position of the second coil in aneurysmal neck was adjusted according to the results of real-time simulation.The results of retrospective simulation of operation procedure indicated that the simulation methods for regular and small aneurysms could become a routine simulation means but more simulation experience was needed to build up for the giant aneurysms.Conclusions The virtual three-dimensional instrument and cerebral aneurysm models established by the general software provided a new study method for neuro-interventional preoperative simulation,and it played an important guidance role in developing neuro- interventional operation.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of extramedullary fixation system,intramedullary fixation system and hip arthroplasty in treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly.MethodsThe retrospective study involved 184 patients treated between January 2007 and January 2011,which were assigned to dynamic hip screw (DHS) group (n =99),locking plate group (n =19 ),intramedullary fixation group (n =25) and joint replacement group (n =41 ).There were 80 males and 104 females,at age range of 60-99 years,mean (72.4 ± 3.9) years.According to the modified Evan classification,the fractures included type Ⅰ A in 20 patients,type Ⅰ B in 21,type Ⅱ in 75 and type Ⅲ in 68.The preoperative conditions,postoperative weight-bearing time,fracture heating time,hip function and complications were comparatively studied among four groups.ResultsThe patients were followed up for 7-22 months (mean 12 months).The four groups showed no significant differences regarding the gender,age,fracture types and medical complications.The postoperative weight-bearing time of the joint replacement group was significantly shorter than that of the other three groups,with statistical significance.The fracture healing time was insignificantly different among the four groups.The postoperative complications were found in 24 patients (13％),including 11 patients in the DHS group,six in the locking plate group,five in the intramedullary fixation group and two in the joint replacement group.Harris score was the highest in the joint replacement group,with statistical significance in comparison with the other three groups. ConclusionsIntramedullary fixation should be the treatment of choice for the patients with unstable,or severe osteoporosis fractures and with intolerance of joint replacement.Artificial bipolar femoral head replacement is suitable for the elderly patients with unstable or severe osteoporosis fractures,capability of walk or tolerance of operation.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the anticancer activity of 5'-dexoxy-fluorouridine on colon cancer experimental models in BALB/C mice,compared with 5'-fluorouracil,an anticancer agent widely used in clinic,meanwhile,examined the conversion of 5'-Dexoxy-fluorouridine to 5' -fluorouracil in cancer tissues and serum of mouse models.MethodsThe xenografts of mouse colon cancer cell line CT 26 were transplantated to cecum in 60 male BALB/C mice.Three days lated,these mice were divided into 3 groups and intro- peritoneally injected:( 1 ) 5' - dexoxy- fluorouridine 0.1 mg/g,(2) 5' - Fluorouracil 0.02 mg/g,(3)0.9％ sodium chloride 0.4 mL (as a control),respectively.Two and three weeks later,6 mice were sacririced in every group respectively to measure the weight of tumors and bodies,to examine the Hb,RBC,WBC,PLT,AST,ALT,UREA,and CREA in blood.The rest 8 mice in each group were fed generally,and the survival time from operation to natural death was recorded.In addition,14 mice with xenografts of CT 26 about 2 weeks,were divided into 2 groups averagely,5' -dexoxy-fluorouridine 0.1 mg/g and 5' -fluorouracil 0.02 mg/g were intro-peritoneally injected respectively.Fifteen min later,the converted 5' -fluorouracil was detected from the blood and tumor tissues in sacrificed mice.ResultsThe lest tumor average weight was found in the mice injected 5 '-dexoxy-fluorouridine,being (0.07 ± 0.12) g and (0.24g ±0.29) g for the mice sacrificed at 2 and 3 weeks later,respectively.The average survival time for rest mice was ( 32.6 ± 8.9) d.The average tumor weight in 5' - fluorouracil group was (0.74 ± 0.43 ) g and ( 1.13 ±0.75) g at 2 and 3 weeks later,and the average survival time for the rest was (22.8 ±5.9)d,respectively.The average tumor weight in the control group was (0.70 ±0.47) g and ( 1.93 ±0.83) g at 2 and 3 weeks,and the average survival time for the rest was ( 17.5 ± 2.8 ) d.Either the average tumor weight or average survival time in the mice of 5 ' -dexoxy-fluorouridine group was significantly differen from either 5' -fluorouracil group or control (P ＜ 0.05 ).However,there was no significant difference for the numbers of WBC,PLC,Hb,and some function examination of liver and kidney among 3 group mice,besides the loss of weights in 5'-fluorouracil group mice after operation and medicine therapy which was significantly obvious than that in 5' -deoxy-fluorouridine and control groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).In addition,( 54.71 ± 12.82) μg/g 5' -fluorouracil was detected in xenografts of mice injected 5' -dexoxy-fluorouridine 15 min later,which was the 6.20 folds of 5' -fluorouracil detected in serum from sthe ame group,P ＜0.05.However,( 133.35 ±20.69) μg/m 5'-fluorouracil were detected in serum of mice after 5' -fluorouracil were injected 15 min later,which was the 1.55 folds of 5' -fluorouracil detected in the xenografts from same group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsIn colon cancer tissues of mouse experimental models,5' - dexoxy- fluorouridine could be converted effectively to 5'-fluorouracil,an obvious high concentration being detected in serum of mice than in cancer tissues.The anticancer effect of 5'-dexoxy-fluorouridine on mouse colon cancer models was more effective than 5'-fluorouracil,resulting in a longer survival duration,less side effect and no significant injury on liver and kidney functions.However,the mechanism of 5' -dexoxy-fluorouridine converted to 5' -fluorouracil in cancer tissue is needed further investigation.

Inositol requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α), a widespread transmembrane protein in mammals, is an endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) receptor. Among the three signaling pathways of the unfolded protein response (UPR), the IRE1α pathway is the most conservative. And there is a growing body of evidence that the occurrence and development of tumors is closely related to the over-expression of IRE1α. Therefore, the study of the IRE1α inhibitors is of great significance to the discovery of new anti-tumor drugs and has been attracting more and more attention. In the hope of providing ideas for the research of targeting IRE1α for cancer therapy, this paper reviewed the data of representative IRE1α inhibitors, including inhibitory activity, the mechanism of action, structural characteristics, and so on.

Objective To investigate the key points of treating elder patients with hip fractures by hemiarthroplasty.Methods Clinical data of 138 elder patients with hip fractures undergone hemiarthroplasty between January 2008 and December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.There were 43 males and 95 females at mean age of 82.8 years(range,75-103 years).Injury causes included fall from height(n=98),contusion(n=32)and sprain(n=8).There were 84 patients with femoral neck fractures(33 patients with Garden type Ⅲ,51 with type Ⅳ)and 54 patients with intertrochanteric fractures(three patients of Jensen-Evans type Ⅱ,six with type Ⅲ,25 with type Ⅳ,18 with type V,two with type R).Follow-up evaluation was performed using Harris scoring system.Results The ambulation period was average 4.5 days(range,3-12 days).Follow-up was average 24.4 months(range,10-45 months),which presented no loosening,subsidence or infection of prostheses.Due to additional trauma postoperatively,one patient suffered from prosthesis dislocation and two from fractures of distal prosthetic femoral shaft.Harris score at six months postoperatively was average 86.8 points(range,52-100 points),with excellent results in 42 patients,good in 59,fair in 19 and poor in five,with excellence rate of 80.8％.Conclusion With full accomplishment of peri-,intra-and post-operative measures,hemiarthroplasty is a suitable choice for treating hip fractures in the elderly patients.

ObjectiveTo explore the childhood trauma experience and its relation to the eye emotion recognition ability in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsSeventy-one schizophrenic patients and fifty-two healthy subjects were assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Eye Basic Emotion Discrimination Task (EBEDT).ResultsThe CTQ total score in the patients group was significantly higher than those in the control group (47.86 ± 13.26 vs 34.27 ± 7.27,P ＜ 0.01 ).The subscores in emotional abuse,physical abuse,sexual abuse,emotional neglect and physical neglect of CTQ in the patients group were also significantly higher than those in the control group.(all P＜ 0.01 ).Compared with controls,the patients had significantly lower total accuracy( (86.74 ± 6.16vs73.42 ± 11.86) ％,P ＜ 0.01 ) and longer total reaction time ( (2776.75 ± 703.42 vs 4321.40 ± 1956.83 )ms,P ＜ 0.01 )of EBEDT.The significant difference were also found on the accuracy and reaction time of the EBEDT six basic emotion between the two groups ( all P ＜ 0.01 ).Correlation analysis indicated that CTQ total score were negatively correlated with the EBEDT total accuracy ( r=-0.390,P＜0.01 ),and its sub-accuracy of happiness,surprise,sadness,and anger ( respectively r =- 0.419,r =- 0.451,r =- 0.391,r =- 0.344,P ＜ 0.01 ) in the patients group.The correlation between CTQ total score and EBEDT total accuracy was also found in the control group.ConclusionChildhood trauma is related to eye basic emotion recognition in schizophrenia patients,suggesting that the trauma during childhood can affect the social recognition ability.

Background The pathogenesiof age-related maculadegeneration (AMD) iassociated with the senility of human retinal pigmenepithelium (RPE) cells.Seeking drug to arresRPE cell senility iof significance fothe prevention and treatmenof AMD.Research showed thathe lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) can delay senility,buitinfluence on RPE cell aging iunclear.Objective Thistudy wato discusthe protective effecand mechanism of LBP on RPE cell aging.MethodPorcine retinal neural epithelial layewaisolated,and photoreceptooutesegmen(POS) waextracted by density gradiencentrifugation and marked by FITC.The POwathen co-cultured with RPE cellin the medium containing 0.01,0.10 and 1.00 g/L LBP fo24 hours.The areof fluorescence,representing the amounof POphagocytosed by RPE cells,wameasured undethe fluorescenmicroscope to evaluate the influence of LBP on the phagocytifunction of RPE cells.The POS-induced RPE lipofuscin-uptake cell model waestablished by co-culturing human RPE cellwith porcine POfo3 weeks.The RPE-POco-culture cell model waincubated in medium containing 0.01,0.10 o1.00 g/L LBP,and the autofluorescence caused by lipofuscin up-taken into RPE cellwadetected with flow cytometry.cell counting kiwaused to assescell proliferation and viability (value) 24,48 and 72 hourafteculturing.ResultPorcine POpresented athin rodundethe lighmicroscope and appeared abilayedisc-like structureundethe transmission electron microscope,and itFITC-labeled yellow-green autofluorescence waobserved undethe fluorescenmicroscope.No POwaup-taken into the RPE cellin the normal control group,buthe areof POphagocytosed by RPE cellwagradually enlarged with increasing doseof LBP,showing significandifference among the group(F =21.425,P =0.006).Compared with the POcontrol group,the phagocytosed areincreased avariouconcentrationof LBP+POgroup(P＜0.01).Flow cytometry showed thathe autofluorescence value in the POcontrol group wamore highethan thaof the normal control group.Athe LBP dose increased,the autofluorescence value in the RPE celldeclined gradually and iwaneathe normal value in the 1.00 g/L LBP+ POgroup.The rate of proliferation of the lipofuscin RPE cellvaried with the increase of doseof LBP with the maximal value in the normal RPE group and minimal value in the lipofuscin RPE group,and the rate of proliferation of the lipofuscin RPE cellascended with increasing doseof LBP until neathe normal value in the 1.00 g/L LBP + lipofuscin RPE cellgroup (P＞0.05).ConclusionLBP enhance the anti-aging effecof human RPE cellby strengthening the phagocytiability to POand the ability to remove lipofuscin and by heightening the proliferation of human RPE cells.

Objective To explore the unique relationship between Willis circle and cerebral watershed infarction in a Chinese population. Methods A retrospective analysis of cerebral CT angiography was conducted in 471 non-cere?bral watershed infarctions and 93 MRI-diagnosed cerebral watershed infarctions (CWI)(including External CWI and In?ternal CWI)in Department of Neurology of our hospital and compare the related variations and types of Willis circle be?tween these groups. Results Compared with non-cerebral watershed infarctions, the prevalence of Uni-FTP (short for“fetal type of the Posterior cerebral artery”) in E-CWI (36.4%, P<0.05) and Bi-FTP in I-CWI (0%, P<0.05) was signifi?cantly higher in cerebral watershed infarctions. Conclusion FTP is probably an unique risk factor in Chinese patients with CWI.