The animal models used in the experimental research of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to prevent and treat T2DM are mainly spontaneous and induced. The experimental research of TCM in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes can be divided into Chinese medicine compound, Chinese medicine and its extract, Chinese medicine monomer. The mechanism is mainly through regulating intestinal flora, increasing insulin content, lowering blood sugar, lowering blood lipids, improving glucose tolerance, and improving gluconeogenesis, antioxidant, inhibit cell apoptosis, etc. play the role of preventing and treating T2DM in multiple links and multiple targets.

Objective To analyze mutations in the PTCH1 gene in a pedigree with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS).Methods Blood samples were collected from a 58-year-old male proband with NBCCS (Ⅱ 5),his brothers (Ⅱ 1 and Ⅱ 3) and son (Ⅲ4),and 50 unrelated healthy human controls.DNA was extracted from these blood samples.PCR and direct DNA sequencing were performed to determine mutation sites in the PTCH1 gene.According to the mutation sites,allele-specific oligonucleotide primers were designed and used to confirm the pathogenic mutations in this pedigree through PCR.Results A nonsense mutation (c.2137C),which leads to the substitution of CAG by TAG with the generation of a premature termination codon (Q714X),was identified in exon 14 in one allele of the PTCH1 gene in the proband and his son,but in none of the healthy human controls.Conclusion The nonsense mutation (c.2137C ＞ T) in the PTCH1 gene may be a specific mutation causing the clinical symptoms in the patient with NBCCS.

The aim of this study is to develop the Tripterygium glycosides nanoemulsion gels and investigate its pharmacodynamics. Oleic acid was used as oil phase, polyoxyethylene castor oil as surfaetant, and 1,2-propanediol as cosurfactant to screen the formula of Tripterygium glycoside nanoemulsion using the pseudo-temary phase diagrams. Then the nanoemulsion gels was prepared. The ICR mouse ears were sensitazated by 7% DNCB, and then were excited by 0.3% DNCB to stimulate the model of mouse chronic dermatitis and eczema. The concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-8 in mouse blood were determined by ELISA. The results showed that Tripterygium glycosides nanoemulsion gels could significantly inhibit the swelling of mouse ears(P < 0.01) and ameliorate the edama and erythema of model mouse ears skin. Also it could significantly decrease the expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 in model mouse blood. Tripterygium glycosides nanoemulsion gels had a good therapeutic effect on mouse model of dermatitis and eczema. It was expected to provide a new and long-acting exterernal preparation for the treatment of dermatitis and eczema.
Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Dermatitis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Female ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Interleukin-4 ; immunology ; Interleukin-8 ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

OBJECTIVESome members of the S100 gene family have been suggested to be associated with cancer development and metastasis. Our previous cDNA micro-array studies have showed S100A6 expression is elevated in gastric cancer compared with that in paired normal mucosa. To validate our previous results and further investigate the possible role of S100A6 gene in gastric cancer, we carried out this detailed S100A6 expression analysis in more matched gastric cancer samples.

METHODSS100A6 expression was detected in 20 paired fresh surgical samples of gastric tumor tissue and matched non-cancerous mucosa by QRT-PCR. A gastric cancer tissue microarray (TMA) containing 1020 duplicate matched normal mucosa, gastric cancer tissue and metastatic lymph node tissue cores from 208 gastric cancer patients was constructed. S100A6 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and the correlation between S100A6 expression with clinicopathological factors and survival was analyzed.

RESULTSAs quantitated by QRT-PCR, S100A6 transcript level was elevated in 73.7% of the primary cancer lesions with an average 2.25-fold up-regulation than that in matched non-neoplastic mucosa. As displayed by immunohistochemistry, the positive rate of S100A6 in non-neoplastic mucosa, tumor lesions and metastatic lymph nodes was 34.3%, 84.1% and 90.9%, respectively. S100A6 expression level in cancer and metastatic lymph node was significantly higher than their matched non-neoplastic mucosa (P < 0.05). 65.5% of patients showed an increased S100A6 expression in cancer tissue compared with that in matched normal mucosa. S100A6 overexpression was associated with larger tumor size and deeper invasion (P = 0.022 and P = 0.009). No evidence was found for an association between S100A6 expression level and other variables, including tumor grade, nodal metastases, and TNM stage. There was no association between S100A6 expression level and survival. But compared with paired non-neoplastic mucosa, an increased S100A6 expression in tumor lesion predicated a decreasing suvival if compared with a decreased S100A6 expression, though the difference was statistically not significant.

CONCLUSIONElevated expression of S100A6 gene may be an early event in the development and progression of gastric cancer. Further study of this gene may be helpful for understanding the nature of gastric carcinoma.

Cell Cycle Proteins ; metabolism ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein A6 ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Burden ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVETo analyze the expression of human anti-apoptotic gene survivin (SVV) in normal human gastric tissues and gastric cancer.

METHODSSVV cDNA clone was obtained from human gastric cancer tissues by virtue of RT-PCR, using Dig-marked cRNA probe in situ hybridization to analyze its expression in normal human gastric tissues and gastric cancer.

RESULTSTwo SVV cDNA clones, SVV-S4A and SVV-S1B were obtained. The sequence of the former is identical to that of the well-known SVV cDNA; however, in the sequence of the latter, the third exon was missed, i.e., there are only two exons in SVV-S1B. In situ hybridization showed that SVV-S4A is mainly expressed in gastric cancer tissues whereas SVV-S1B is mostly expressed in normal gastric tissues.

CONCLUSIONThere is difference between SVV-S4A and SVV-S1B in respect to their characteristics of expression in gastric cancer and normal gastric tissues.

Alternative Splicing ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; chemistry ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Proteins ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo identify novel human gastric cancer-associated susceptibility gene for early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.

METHODSA primer was designed for 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA end(RACE) and amplified fragments were cloned, then they were analyzed by sequencing. Compared with ESTs in Genbank, the EST fragment represented a novel gene. Combination of Northern blot and virtual Northern and multiple tissues Northern blot, expression of the cDNA in multiple normal and carcinoma tissues were analyzed.

RESULTSOne of the important cDNA bands with poly(A) tail was cloned. This band was named W41. Sequence analysis showed that W41 consists of 533 bp. Basic local alignment search tool analysis revealed that W41 has low identity with any genes from GenBank. This sequence data was submitted to GenBank with accession No. AF 325202. Northern blot revealed that W41 presented higher expression in gastric cancer tissue than in normal tissue. Multiple tissue Northern blot revealed that W41 presented higher expression in multiple cancers than in normal tissues. Virtual Northern revealed that the cDNA presented higher expression in tumor series analysis of gene expression libraries than in normal.

CONCLUSIONA novel human gastric cancer-associated cDNA fragment was identified.

Blotting, Northern ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; chemistry ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; HL-60 Cells ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo study the relation between dendritic cell (DC) infiltration and clinicopathologic parameters, biologic characteristics and prognosis of progressing gastric cancer.

METHODSThe development of apoptotic cell death (apoptotic index, AI) in 61 progressing gastric carcinoma tissues was analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The PCNA labeling index (PCNA-LI), density of dendritic cells in the tumor were detected by immunohistochemical method by the LSAB kit using antibody against S-100 protein and PC-10.

RESULTSDC infiltration was negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and PCNA-LI, but positively with AI. The DCs in gastric cancer groups with and without lymph node metastasis were (5.63 +/- 4.37)/HPF and (8.51 +/- 5.57)/HPF with difference significant (P < 0.05). The DC infiltration in I, II, III stage lesions were (11.23 +/- 6.05)/HPF, (6.28 +/- 4.37)/HPF and (5.53 +/- 5.19)/HPF also with differences significant (P < 0.01). The PCNA-LI was significantly higher in the low DC group (57.10% +/- 14.18%) than that of high DC group (48.15% +/- 10.59%, P < 0.01). AI findings were 3.77% +/- 1.26% and 2.95% +/- 1.07% in the high and low DC groups (P < 0.01). A positive correlation was observed between DC infiltration and AI (r = 0.39, P < 0.01) whereas a negative correlation between DC infiltration and PCNA-LI (r = -0.47, P < 0.01). The prognosis of high DC infiltration patients was significantly better than those with low ones.

CONCLUSIONThe infiltrating dendritic cells in and around tumor, representing the local immune status of the host, may play an important role in immunological defense mechanism of host versus tumor. Dendritic cells may inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of the tumor cells, thus affecting the clinical features and improve the prognosis of gastric carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Apoptosis ; Cell Division ; Dendritic Cells ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; analysis ; Stomach Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; Survival Rate

Animals ; Bone and Bones ; cytology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Durapatite ; metabolism ; Female ; Osteoporosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Ovariectomy ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo study the role of cAMP in repair of hemisection of spinal cord in rats models.

METHODSRats models of spinal cord hemisection were made and cAMP were injected once in the motor cortex or continuously input in the lesion area or in the subarachnoid cistern for 3 d. NFs, GFAP, CSTs and spinal axons in the lesion areas were observed by immunohistochemistry and hind limb movements were evaluated in BBB scales.

RESULTSMany regenerated axons were presented in the lesion areas in cAMP groups though no continuous long regenerated axons traversed the lesion area when cAMP was input in the motor cortex or in the local lesion area. In control group, no regenerated axon were presented in the lesion areas. When cAMP was input in the subarachnoid cistern, only few-labelled CST axon survived and presented in the lesion area comparing no labelled CST axon presented in the lesion area. More NFs and less GFAP were distributed and extended in the lesion area in the cAMP groups. All the rats restored to normally walk 4-5 weeks after operations and no significance existed between cAMP groups and control groups comparing the BBB scales of hind limb movements.

CONCLUSIONcAMP injected in the brain cortex or continuously input in the lesion area can induce the axonal regeneration.

Administration, Topical ; Animals ; Cyclic AMP ; administration & dosage ; physiology ; Hindlimb ; physiopathology ; Male ; Nerve Regeneration ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; drug therapy ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo analyze the tendency in the incidence of malignant tumors in nutrition-intervened population of Lin County.

METHODSSubjects who had been enrolled in the General Population Trial, Lin County Nutrition Intervention Trial were followed up and the data of malignant tumors were collected with collaboration of National Cancer Institute/National Institute of Health. Incidences of malignant tumors during and after nutrition intervention were calculated and compared.

RESULTSEsophageal cancer, cardiac cancer, and stomach cancer were constantly the three leading cancers, accounting for 84.06% and 83.74% of the malignant tumors in men and women, respectively. The incidences of lung cancer and liver cancer in men showed increasing tendencies, while similar tendencies were found in those of stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, and liver cancer in women. With the prolonging of the follow-up, the incidences of upper digestive tract cancers declined (except stomach cancer in women).

CONCLUSIONSThe upper digestive tract cancers remain the leading malignant tumors, although their incidences may decline with longer-term follow-up. Prevention and control of tumors in Lin County should still be focused on the esophageal cancer, cardiac cancer, and stomach cancer, as well as lung cancer and liver cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Diet ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors