Objective To investigate the effect of Clopidogrel on the plasma endothelin(ET)and calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP)in patients with unstable angina pectoris(UAP).Methods Patients with UAP were divided into two groups,the regular treated group(n =50)was treated with Isoket and the Dansben group(n =50)was treated with combined Isoket and Clopidogrel.The plasma ET and CGRP were measured before and after treatment by radioimmunoreactive assay.Data were compared between the two groups and also compared with those measured in 20healthy subjects for control.Results ET level was significantly higher and CGRP level was lower in UAP patients than that in healthy subjects(P ＜ 0.05).After Clopidogrel treatment,ET was significantly decreased(P ＜ 0.01)and CGRP increased(P ＜0.05)in combined treatment group compared with patients received lsoket only.Conclusion Clopidogrel was an effective drug for UAP treatment,which could efficiently regulate the ET and CGRP metabolism.

ITS2 sequence was used as a barcode to identify Viticis Fructus and its adulterants. The study collected 46 samples include Viticis Fructus and its adulterants. The sequences were obtained by extracting DNA, amplification, sequencing bi-direstionlly, and then assembling with CodonCode Aligner. To identify Viticis Fructus and its adulterants, the study used the methods of computing the genetic distances by Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) model and constructing the Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic trees using MEGA5.0. The results showed that the maximum inter-specific K2P distance of Viticis Fructus was less than the minimum inter-specific K2P distance of Viticis Fructus and its adulterants and the NJ tree indicated that the Viticis Fructus and its adulterants could be distinguished clearly. Therefore, using ITS2 barcode can distinguished Viticis Fructus and its adulterants accurately.

Abstract: Fifteen novel ligustrazine-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives were designed and synthesized according to the association principle of pharmaceutical chemistry. The structures were identified by IR, NMR and ESI-MS. The inhibitory activities of platelet aggregation induced by ADP and AA have been measured by Bron method. Preliminary pharmacological results showed that compounds 7g, 7h and 7n had potent inhibitory activity against platelet aggregation induced by AA, and the compound 7o showed significant inhibitory activity against platelet aggregation induced by ADP.
Drug Design ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Pyrazines ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Tetrahydroisoquinolines ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry

The aim of this study is to develop the Tripterygium glycosides nanoemulsion gels and investigate its pharmacodynamics. Oleic acid was used as oil phase, polyoxyethylene castor oil as surfaetant, and 1,2-propanediol as cosurfactant to screen the formula of Tripterygium glycoside nanoemulsion using the pseudo-temary phase diagrams. Then the nanoemulsion gels was prepared. The ICR mouse ears were sensitazated by 7% DNCB, and then were excited by 0.3% DNCB to stimulate the model of mouse chronic dermatitis and eczema. The concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-8 in mouse blood were determined by ELISA. The results showed that Tripterygium glycosides nanoemulsion gels could significantly inhibit the swelling of mouse ears(P < 0.01) and ameliorate the edama and erythema of model mouse ears skin. Also it could significantly decrease the expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 in model mouse blood. Tripterygium glycosides nanoemulsion gels had a good therapeutic effect on mouse model of dermatitis and eczema. It was expected to provide a new and long-acting exterernal preparation for the treatment of dermatitis and eczema.
Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Dermatitis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Female ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Interleukin-4 ; immunology ; Interleukin-8 ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

ObjectiveTo diagnose and classify 249 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) according to the WHO standards.MethodsAccording to the WHO standards,cell morphology,cytogenetics,immune phenotype and bone marrow pathologic biopsy in 249 cases of MDS were analyzed.ResultsGreat shape and oval cell of mature erythrocyte could be observed in all MDS patients peripheral blood. The incidence of immature erythrocyte,immature granulocyte,pelger-like abnormal nucleus and neutrophils cells without granular increased with subtypes progressing.These abnormal characteristics and proportion tended to more apparent with MDS subtypes progressing.With the dynamic follow-up,we found the rate of MDS transition to AL increased with subtypes progressing(P＜0.05 ).The immune phenotype analysis of 148 patients was undertook and found that the trend to express myeloid specific antigen (CD33) increased gradually with subtypes progressing The chromosome inspection in 138 patients was undertook and found that 53 patients (38.7 ％ with abnormal karyotype,mainly in 20q- and +8;16 cases with complex abnormal karyotype (28 ％), two patients in 5q-. 180 patients were underwent bone marrow biopsy at the same time and found that 19 patients with abnormal morphology;42 patients with bone marrow fibrosis.ConclusionsCombining with multiple index to detect the MDS contributes to the classification and diagnosis more accuratcly and long-term follow-up helps to judgment the prognosis.

Objective To investigate the morbidity and characteristic of nosocomial infections in end stage renal disease(ESRD) patients undergoing blood purification.Methods Medical records of ESRD patients undergoing blood purification from 2004 to 2005 were enrolled in this retrospective study of hospitalized cases.The clinical data of nosocomial infections in hemodialysis (HD)and peritoneal dialysis(PD)patients were analyzed separately.Results Nosocomial infection was identified in 76 of the 400 enrolled patients.In HD patients,pulmonary infection was the most common nosocomial infection(53.3%),most due to gram-negative microorganisms,followed by bloodstream(16.7%)and urinary tract infection(15%),most of both were due to gram-positive bacteria.Pulmonary infection was usually complicated.Bloodstream infection was associated with the duration of placement of central vein catheters.Asymptomatic bacteriuria accounted for most of the urinary tract infection.In PD patients, most infections were pulmonary infection(65.5%),mainly caused by fungal pathogens,followed by peritonitis(20.7%), mainly due to gram-positive bacteria.Certain proportion of infections in both groups was caused by multiple microorganisms or identified in multiple sites.Conclusions The prevalence of nosocomial infection is high in hospitalized patients undergoing blood purification.The infection is complicated in terms of pathogen and clinical picture.Pulmonary infection is the most common in- fection.The prevalence of fungal infection is increasing.Effective prevention and therapeutic measures should be applied more vigorously in ESRD patients.

The parachute mitral valve is a rare group of heart valve diseases that are typically characterized by only one papillary muscle.All the chordae tendineaes are connected to the papillary muscle and shaped like a para-chute.It mainly causes mitral stenosis and occasionally leads to mitral regurgitation. Due to the early appearance of clinical symptoms and rapid development of the disease,early accurate diagnosis and surgical treatment are needed. Common surgical treatments are mitral valve repair and mitral valve replacement.Now,the progress of surgical treatment of ＂parachute－like＂ mitral valve malformation was reviewed in order to provide a meaningful reference for its surgical treatment.

Objective To investigate the production and removal of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) by HaCaT cells after UVB irradiation, and the effect of baicalin in this process. Methods HaCaT cells were cultured and irradiated with given dosages of UVB, and the production and removal of CPD by HaCaT cells at given time points after UVB irradiation were assessed by immunohistochemical method. In parallel studies, HaCaT cells were preincubated with baicalin, and the effect on CPD was evaluated. Results The damage to HaCaT cells was dependent on the dosage of UVB radiation. After irradiation with 30 mJ/cm2 of UVB, CPD formation peaked at 0.5 h. CPD was removed rapidly from HaCaT cells during the first 4 h; the rate of removal decreased thereafter, and the removal was almost complete by 24 h after the irradiation. The amount of CPD decreased significantly in HaCaT cells that were preincubated with baicalin solution before UVB irradiation than that in those without the preincubation (U = 2.324, P

The mechanisms involved in virus-induced severe hepatitis have not been fully elucidated.In this study,we investigated the role of gamma delta T cell receptors (γδ) T cells in the pathogenesis of fulminant viral hepatitis (FVH) induced by murine hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3).The model of FVH was established by intraperitoneal injection of MHV-3 into Balb/cJ mice.The survival days of mice,and the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were examined.The proportions ofγδ T cells in blood,spleen and liver,and cytokines secreted by hepatic γδ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.The function of hepatic γδ T cells was examined by cytotoxicity assay.Balb/cJ mice died in 3 to 6 days post MHV-3 infection,with severe hepatic necrosis and significant augmentation of serum ALT and AST levels.The proportions of γδ T ceils in blood,spleen and liver were significantly increased post MHV-3 infection,while those of the early activating molecule CD69-expressing γδ T cells and productions of cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) increased remarkably in the liver.These highly activated liver γδ T cells were cytotoxic to MHV-3-infected hepatocytes in vitro and this effect of liver γδ T cells against hepatocytes might involve the TNF-α and IFN-γ pathway.These results demonstrated that γδ T cells might contribute to the pathogenesis ofMHV-3-induced FVH through the effector cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ.

Objective To discuss the necessity of closing the peritoneum during the operation of ileal conduit after the radical cystectomy.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 395 patients with bladder cancer who received radical cystectomy from Jan.2014 to Sep.2016.The amount of male was 327,female was 68.The mean age was (65.8 ± 9.7) years old.Patients were divided into four groups according to the surgical method of cystectomy and urinary diversion.In group A,patients,including 78 males and 9 females,were received open radical cysectomy (ORC) with extraperitoneal ileal conduit.The mean age was (67.8 ± 9.2) years old.In the preoperative clinical staging,66 cases were less than T2 and 21 cases were more than T2.Preoperative pathological grade in 83 cases and low grade in 4 cases.In group B,patients,including 31 males and 2 females,were accepted ORC with ileal conduit without peritoneum closure.The mean age was (67.3 ± 8.7) years old.Preoperative clinical staging showed less than T2 in 25 cases,more than T2 in 8 cases,The preoperative pathological grade showed high grade in 33 cases.In group C,patients,including 112 males and 27 females,were accpeted LRC with ileal conduit without peritoneum closure.The mean age was (64.3 ± 10.5)years old.The preoperative clinical staging showed less than T2 in 107 cases and more than T2 in 32 cases.The preoperative pathological grade showed high grade in 135 cases and low grade in 4 cases.In group D,patients,including 106 males and 30 females,were accepted RARC with ileal conduit without peritoneum closure.The mean age was (65.9 ±10.0)years old.Preoperative clinical staging showed less than T2 in 103 cases and more than T2 in 33 cases.The preoperative pathological grade showed high grade in 132 cases and low grade in 4 cases.Ileal conduit without peritoneum closure means completely open the peritoneum after anastomosis of the ureter and intestine in the urinary diversion surgery without shutting down the peritoneum,which is different from the extraperitoneal ileal conduit.The operating time,blood loss,blood transfusion rate,recovery time of intestinal function and perioperative complications and rate of hydronephrosis were analyzed.Results The 395 cases completed operation successfully,no LRC or RARC had been converted to ORC.The operative time was (280.1 ± 92.3) min,(233.6 ± 99.4) min,(304.8 ± 108.9) min,(364.6 ± 86.4) min in four groups,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The blood loss in four groups were (489.1 ± 285.6) ml,(431.8 ± 233.1) ml,(373.0 ±213.7) ml,(205.6 ± 137.8) ml,respectively (P ＜0.05).The transfusion rate in four groups were 18 (20.7％),16 (48.0％),15 (10.8％),14 (10.3％),respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The mean time to flatus in four groups were (3.7 ±1.8)d,(3.6±1.0)d,(3.5±1.2)d,(2.2±1.7)d,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).While ileal obstruction rate had no statistical difference in four groups [group A 17 cases(19.5％),group B 6 cases(18.2％),group C 27 cases(19.4％),group D 19 cases(14.0％),P =0.678].Urine leakage,intestinal leakage,lymphocyst were only occurred in group A [7 cases (8.0％),2 cases (2.3％),2 cases (2.3％)].Pyelonephritis was noticed in each group,including 14 cases(16.1％)in group A,2 cases(6.1％)in group B,9 cases (6.5％)in group C,6 cases(4.4％)in group D (P ＜ 0.05).Hydronephrosis 6 months after surgery was observed in four groups,including 15 cases(17.2％)in group A,3 cases(9.1％)in group B,7 cases(5.0％)in group C,5 cases(3.7％)in group D (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Ileal conduit without peritoneum closure would not increase the incidence of complications,on the contrary,it would relieve the tension of anastomosis,and reduce the occurrence of complications such as urine leakage.