Microvesicles (MVs) is small membrane vesicles released from different cell types under different conditions.Studies have shown that MVs may mediate vascular inflammation,angiogenesis,and other pathological processes.MVs may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) by mediating endothelial cell injury,thrombosis and neovascularization.The plasma MV level may be an effective parameter to monitor the development of DR.This article will summarize the research progress of the relationship between MVs and DR in recent years.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common cause of blindness,its occurrence and development are the synergic results of multiple factors.Current studies suggest that inflammation and inflammatory factor has an important role in the pathogenesis of DR.The occurrence and development of DR are closely related with interleukins,intercellular adhesion molecules,hasten factors,tumor necrosis factor,C-reactive protein etc.Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent cells derived from the mesoderm and have multiple differentiation potentials,and anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive function.Recent studies shown that MSCs transplantation can protect damaged retina by inflammatory regulation,which become a new research direction for DR treatment.

The robotic surgical system can provide a stable, clear and magnified three-dimensional view, filter the surgeon's hand tremor, and hold robotic arms with multiple degrees of freedom to ensure flexible and stable operations, which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional laparoscopy. Although the robotic surgical system has been widely used in surgical fields such as urology, obstetrics and gynecology, its role in hepatic surgery has not been fully recognized. In this article, based on the relevant literatures and their own experience, the authors briefly discuss the indications of the application of robotic surgical system in liver surgery, safety and efficacy of robotic liver resection, learning curve of robotic hepatectomy, difficult robotic hepatectomy, the cost of robotic liver resection and other issues.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Diarrhea ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Young Adult

Abstract?AIM:To evaluate the effect of combined glaucoma and cataract surgery on the function of eye surface and tear film.?METHODS:This clinical trial involved 75 patients ( 75 eyes ) with glaucoma complicated with cataract undergoing combined glaucoma and cataract surgery.All the eyes were divided into surgical group ( the eyes undergoing operation ) and control group ( the other eyes).The symptoms and signs of dry eye disease, Schirmer's I test, break -up time ( BUT ) , corneal fluorescein staining were tested and marked 1mo after operation.Comparison of the results was made between two groups.?RESULTS:The average intraocular pressure was 16.25± 0.46mmHg at 1mo after operation, compared with 45.29± 4.39mmHg at 3d before surgery, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05 ).Preoperative average visual acuity was 0.08±0.06, corrected visual acuity was<0.05 in 23 eyes,≥0.05 to<0.1 in 16 eyes,≥0.1 to<0.3 in 36 eyes.Postoperatively 1mo, corrected visual acuity:<0. 05 for 7 eyes (9%),≥0.05 to <0.1 for 11 eyes (15%), ≥0.1 to<0.3 for 38 eyes (51%), ≥0.3 to <0.5 for 11 eyes (15%) , ≥0.5 for 8 eyes (11%), postoperative visual acuity was 0.15 ±0.1, which was significantly higher than before surgeries ( P<0.05).The postoperative dry eye symptoms of surgical group was higher, compared with that of control group, and the differences of diagnosis of dry eye test indicators between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).? CONCLUSION: Combined cataract and glaucoma surgery may affect postoperative ocular surface and tear film function, make the tear film stability damaged and lead to dry eye disease.

Objective To explore the type of circadian rhythms and risk factors for post-stroke insomnia. Methods From January, 2012 to June, 2014, the patients with cerebral middle artery infarction were divided into insomnia group (n=25) and control group (n=25). The general characterizations of the patients were collected. They were assessed with Morning and Evening Questionnaire (MEQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Results The MEQ score was lower in the insomnia group than in the control group (t=2.676, P<0.05). The frequency of moderate night type (20%) and absoluteness night type (4%) were higher in the insomnia group than in the control group. High score (>11) of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was the independent risk foctor for post- stroke insomnia (OR=1.463, 95% CI=1.112- 1.925). The scores of ESS, PSQI, ISI and FSS were higher in the insomnia group than in the control group (t>5.609, P<0.001). The scores of ESS (r=0.334, P<0.05), FSS (r=0.535, P<0.01), PSQI (r=0.461, P=0.001) and ISI (r=0.504, P<0.01) were positively correlated with the NIHSS score. Conclusion The patients with post-stroke insomnia impair in circadian rhythms. High NIHSS score is the independent risk factor for post-stroke insom-nia.

To explore the changes of retrobulbar hemodynamics in diabetes via color doppler ultrasound.
●METHODS: Totally 80 patients ( 160 eyes ) with eye diseases in type 2 diabetes from June 2010 to May 2013 in our hospital were enrolled as research group. By fundus photography and direct ophthalmoscopy, patients were assigned to diabetes without retinopathy group ( DNR subgroup), non- proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (NPDR subgroup) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (PDR subgroup). Of 60 healthy patients (120 eyes) over the same period were chosen as control group. The doppler parameters of central retinal artery ( CRA ), posterior ciliary artery (PCA) and ophthalmic artery (OA) were measured.
●RESULTS: There were significant differences on circulatory parameters of CRA, PCA and OA between both groups ( P < 0. 05 ). Significant differences were also observed on peak systolic velocity ( PSV), end diastolic velocity ( EDV) and resistance index ( Rl) of CRA, PCA and OA among DNR subgroup, NPDR subgroup and PDR subgroup ( P < 0. 05). The EDV, Rl and PSV of control group differed from those of DNR subgroup, NPDR subgroup and PDR subgroup (P<0. 05).
●CONCLUSlON: The monitoring of retinal blood flow and analysis of blood spectrum morphology via color doppler ultrasound can effectively evaluate the degree of diabetic retinopathy lesions, especially before DR vascular disease. Early detection can reveal the hemodynamic change pattern of DR, facilitating the prevention of diabetic eye complications and improvement of the quality of life.

As one of members of the Notch gene family , Notch-1 signaling pathway plays an important role in the processing of cell proliferation , differentiation , survival and apoptosis .The abnormal expression of Notch-1 is closely related to tumorigenesis and de-velopment .In recent years , many studies have focused on the relationship between the Notch-1 signaling pathway and tumor .This arti-cle reviews the achievement of Notch-1 signaling pathway in recent tumor researches .

Objective To investigate the effects of microRNA(miRNA)-375 on gastric cancer cell function and the possible mechanism.Methods miRNA-375 eukaryotic expression vector was stably transfected into human gastric cancer cell line HGC-27.A miRNA-375 highly expressed gastric cancer cell line PC3,1-375 was screened and established.Blank plasmid transfection group (PC3.1 group) and blank control group were also established.The cell proliferation ability and apoptosis rate in three groups were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method and flow cytometry.The protein expression of astrocyte elevated gene 1 (AEG-1) in three groups was determined by Western blotting.The nude mouse subcutaneous xenografts model was also established.After 30 days,the nude mice were executed and the xenografts were dissociated and measured.The expression ofAEG-1 in the tumors at protein level was tested by immunohistochemistry method.The statistical inference includes t-test and analysis of variance.Results After stable transfection and cell screening,compared with that of blank control group,the expression of miRNA-375 in PC3.1-375 group significantly increased (t=2.82,2.01,bothP＜0.05).The cell proliferation of PC3.1-375 group was significantly lower than that of PC3.1 group and blank control group and the difference reached a maximum in day 3 (t3d=3.56,2.79,both P＜0.05).But with the apoptosis rate of PC3.1-375 group,the opposite was true (t=2.05,2.96,both P＜0.05).The results of Western blot shows that the expression of AEG-1 at protein level of PC3.1-375 group decreased compared with that of blank control group and PC3.1 group.The xenografts growth rate,average weight and tumor volume of PC3.1-375 group were significantly lower than those of blank control group and PC3.1 group (t=3.78,2.26,both P＜0.05).By the end of experiment,the volume of nude mouse subcutaneous xenografts in blank control group ((3.12 ± 0.77) cm3) and PC3.1 group ((3.76 ± 0.65) cm3) was significant bigger than that inPC3.1-375 group (0.72±0.21) cm3,t=5.67,6.92,both P＜0.05).The average weight of xenografts in PC3.1-375 group ((0.85 ± 0.15)g) was obviously lower than that in PC3.1 group ((4.01±0.52) g) and blank control group ((3.86±0.56) g,t=4.56,5.01,both P＜0.05).The results of immunohistochemistry indicated that the expression of AEG-1 protein in xenografts in PC3.1-375 group was remarkably decreased compared with that in blank control group and PC3.1 group (F=35.000,P＜0.05).Conclusions miRNA-375 can effectively inhibit the cell proliferation of gastric cancer,promote cells apoptosis and it's a tumor suppression factor in gastric cancer.AEG-1 may be a target gene of miRNA-375.