Diabetic macular edema ( DME ) is a major cause of visual impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus, the central retinal thickness ( CRT ) is correlated with the visual impairment and the changes of visual function before and after treatment. Furthermore, CRT is related to the changes of macular microstructure. The subtle changes of retinal microstructure can be qualitative and quantitative analyzed by spectral- domain OCT ( SD -OCT) . In this study, the changes of retinal microstructure in patients with DME are reviewed, what is of great meaning to explore mechanism, observe disease progress, guide clinical treatment and prospect prognosis of DME.

Objective To evaluate the biocompatibility,immunology and physiologic features of encapsulated Newborn Porcine Islets(NPI) in the liver of the recipient dogs with type I diabetes.Methods Type I diabetic dogs were perfused with 400 000-600 000 encapsulated NPI(group A,n = 15)or unencapsulated NPI(group B,n = 15)through the hepatic artery without immunosuppressive treatment.Liver function and CD4/CD8 in the recipients were measured before and after the transplantation.The livers from all NPI recipient dogs were analyzed by histopathology 6 months after transplantation(Tx).Results Insulin dose administrated to group A was reduced gradually within one week after Tx,from 22 u before Tx to 5 u after Tx,exogenous insulin required for group B was decreased from 24 u to 10 u.However,2 to 3 weeks after Tx,the insulin dose given to group B returned to the original level before Tx.In contrast,the amount of insulin administrated to group A was continually reduced to 8 u.Moreover,CD4+ cells in the blood of group B recipients were higher than that before Tx,whereas no significant alteration of CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells in the blood of group A after Tx.All NPI recipient dogs demonstrated a normal function and structure of the liver after Tx.Conclusion Microcapsulated NPI has a good biocompatibility in recipients livers providing prolong-ation of xenograft survival,and correcting the hyperglycemia of diabetic canines.(J Intervent Radiol,2006,15: 607-610)

Objective To investigate the depressing effect of antigene peptide nucleic acid (AGPNA)on the k-ras gene expression of human pancreatic cancer Patu8988 cells, the inducing apoptosis effect on Patu8988 cells, and the biodistribution characteristics in nude mice bearing xenografts using 188Re-k-ras-AGPNA.Methods The expression level of k-ras mRNA and the expression ratio of k-ras protein in Patu8988 cells transfected with AGPNA was measured by RT-PCR and flow cytometry ,respectively. The degree of cellular apoptosis 3 to 5 d after treating Patu8988 cells with 188Re-k-ras-AGPNA or 188ReO4- was determined by flow cytometry. For biodistribution study, 58 nude mice bearing Patu8988 cell xenografts were divided into two groups: intratumoral injection of 188Re-k-ras-AGPNA (Group A) and 188ReO4- (Group B). At different time points, the mice were sacrificed and organs of interest were excised, weighted and counted by a gamma counter. The organ uptake was calculated as a % ID/g and the absorbed doses of organs were calculated. One-way analysis of variance was used. Results After transfected with 1 nmol/ml AGPNA, the k-ras mRNA gray scale ratio and the expression ratio of k-ras protein were 1.00 ± 0.39 and (15.05 ± 5.07)%, respectively. They were significantly lower than those of the control group with 1.86 ± 0.07 and (24. 38 ± 5.40) % (F = 2. 545, 5. 327, P<0. 05). At 4 and 5 d after treatment in Group A, float cells' apoptosis ratios were (26.30 ± 7.45) % and (27.90 ± 10. 38) %, respectively. Tumors were the major distribution site in Group A with uptake of (37.47 ±21.31), (35.96 ±7.80) and (15.46 ±4.93) %lD/g at 1 h, 1 d and 7 d after intra-tumor injection, respectively. The absorbed dose of tumor was 15 569 mGy/MBq. Condusions Transfection with k-ras-AGPNA on Patu8988 cells may inhibit k-ras expression at mRNA and protein expression level, and 188Re-k-ras-AGPNA can induce apoptosis of Patu8988 cells.Tumor is the major distribution site in nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer xenografts after intratumoral injection of 188Re-k-ras-AGPNA.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of calcipotriol betamethasone ointment for the treatment of pso‐riasis vulgaris in the stable stage of patient .Methods This was a randomized ,parallel controlled clinical trials ,in which 90 patients with psoriasis vulgaris were randomly divided into experimental group and controlled group .All of them received 4 weeks of thera‐py .We compared the efficacy and safety 1 ,2 ,4 week after treatment by calcipotriol betamethasone ointment .Results About the clinical efficacy ,according to the decrease in percentage of psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) were:23 patients in the experi‐mental group were effective(efficacy rate is 76 .67% ) ,14 patients in control group Ⅰ was effective(efficacy rate is 46 .67% ) ,15 pa‐tients in control group Ⅱ was effective(efficacy rate is 50% ) .The differention between experimental group and the two control groups was significant(P< 0 .05 ,P< 0 .01) .After 1 ,2 ,4 weeks of therapy ,the decrease in percentage of PASI of experimental group is higher than that in the control groups .The scores of the observed erythema ,infiltration ,scale were decreased ,and the total scores of PASI are also decreased 4 weeks after therapy .The decrease score of experimental group is higher than that of control group Ⅰ(P<0 .01) and control group Ⅱ(P<0 .01) .The side effects of the experimental group are mild such as itching ,folliculi‐tis ,erythema ,and the laboratory examinations had no abnormal changes .Conclusion Calcipotriol betamethasone ointment was more effective to treat the stable stage psoriasis vulgaris patients compared with single use of halometasone or calcipotriol .It takes effect quickly ,and could be more feasible and safe .

In the criminal cases of driving under the influence (DUI), DNA evidence can be collected from the deployed airbag of the motor vehicle and submitted to the crime lab for touch DNA analysis. The evidence can be acquired when the skin cells are observed on the surface of the airbag in a traffic accident. However, the low quantity or quality of the evidence collected from a crime scene prevents further identification analysis in many cases. In the current study, we reported a case of identifying touch DNA extraction from the shed skin cells from the deployed airbag of a motor vehicle. We managed to collect DNA evidence from the shed skin cells in an airbag using a proper approach of collection and extraction. The 5.87 ng of extracted DNA was sufficient for genotyping and forensic identification, which helped to identify the driver of the car in collision with a pier in the street. In DUI cases and other traffic accidents, therefore, the amount of touch DNA extracted from the deployed airbag can be sufficient for DNA marker genotyping and further analysis.
Accidents, Traffic ; Air Bags ; Alcoholic Intoxication ; Crime ; DNA/analysis* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Motor Vehicles ; Skin/cytology* ; Touch

Metastatic epidural compression of the spinal cord is a significant source of morbidity in patients with systemic cancer. With improvment of oncotheray, survival period in the patients is improving and metastatic cord compression is en- countered increasingly often. Surgical management performed for early circumferential decompression for the spinal cord com- pression with spine instability, and spine reconstruction performed. Patients with radiosensitive tumours without spine instabili- ty, radiotherapy is an effective therapy. Spinal stereotactic radiosurgery and minimally invasive techniques, such as vertebro- plasty and kyphoplasty, percutaneous pedicle screw fixation, radiofrequency ablation are promising options for treatment of cer- tain selected patients with spinal metastases.
Decompression, Surgical ; Humans ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Spinal Cord Compression ; therapy ; Spinal Neoplasms ; secondary ; therapy

ObjectiveTo ascertain the safety and function of the transplantation of neonatal pig islets (NPIs) for diabetic patients.MethodsNPIs were injected into the hepatic artery of 22 patients.After the transplantation,the patients were treated with a multiple drug immunosuppressive regimens.The first 14 patients were treated with cyclosporine (CsA),mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and prednisolon,and porcine C-peptide was not monitored,the following 2 patients were given cyklosporin and MMF only,while the next 6 patients were given a quadruple drug regimen consisting of OKT3,takrolimus,sirolimus and prednisolon.The blood glucose levels,exogenous insulin requirement,HbA1c,porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) and liver function were assessed before and after NPI transplantation.The serum porcine C peptide were monitored in last 8 patients.ResultsThe first 14 patients required less insulin and the HbAlc dropped after the transplantation.In the 2 subsequent patients,the metabolic parameters remained unchanged and monitor of porcine C-peptide was negative.Insulin requirements were reduced in all 6 patients,and HbAlc was normalized 3 months after the transplantation.Significant levels of porcine C-peptide were detected in the patient serum.Two of the patients were given a second injection of NPIs,and one of them became insulin independent for 7 d.No serious adverse events were noted after the transplantation.There was no evidence of PERV transmission.Six out of the 22 patients were followed up for 4-6 years after the NPIs injection,immunosuppressive treatment was stopped 1 year after the transplantation.The patients started to take insulin at the time of follow up.Four patients restricted the intake of sugar,while the other 2 did not.One patient had ketoacidosis twice and slight diabetic retinopathy,and another patient had ketoacidosis induced by acute gastroenteritis.The remaining 4 patients did not have any complications.Assays for PERV were again negative.ConclusionXenogenic islets can survive and function in the human body.No serious adverse events are noted.

During the washing process of coarse bear gall powder extracts, it is necessary to adjust the amount of ethyl acetate according to the properties of raw materials, which aims to improving the yield and purity of the final product. In the research, using NIR spectra to reflect the comprehensive properties of coarse bear gall powder extracts, the process is optimized in a flexible way. Forty batches experiments are designed according to the weight ratio of ethyl acetate and coarse extracts of bear gall powder. The NIR spectra of the coarse extracts of bear gall powder are collected and processed using principal component analysis (PCA) method. The first 8 principal components combined with the amount of the ethyl acetate are used as the input variables, and calibration models are established to predict the yield and purity of the final product 30 batches are used as calibration set, which is used to establish the models, and other 10 batches are used as validation set, which is used for the performance appraisal of the established models. The correlation coefficients of the calibration, inner cross-validation and external validation for the purity model are 0.902, 0.896 and 0.883, respectively, and the RMSEC, RMSECV and RMSEP are 1.22%, 1.48% and 1.59%, respectively. The correlation coefficients of the calibration, inner cross-validation and external validation for the yield model are 0.921, 0.859 and 0.916, respectively, and the RMSEC, RMSECV and RMSEP are 1.39%, 1.65% and 1.53% respectively. This work demonstrated that NIR spectra combined with technology parameter could be used to predict the yield and purity of the final product. Using the established models, the most appropriate amount of the ethyl acetate can be determined according to the properties of the coarse bear gall powder extracts, and the yield and purity of the final product can be improved.
Acetates ; chemistry ; Animals ; Gallbladder ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Powders ; chemistry ; Principal Component Analysis ; methods ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods ; Ursidae

Background:As a new concept of treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),local electrical stimulation on lower esophageal sphincter(LES)is still in a preliminary stage. Aims:To explore the ideal local electrical stimulation parameters for LES contraction and the local neural reflex path that inhibits LES contraction. Methods: Anti-gastroesophageal reflux model with electrical stimulation in vivo was established. The changes of gastroesophageal reflux were observed to explore the ideal electrical stimulation parameters for LES contraction. Effects of different drugs on gastroesophageal reflux in condition with ideal electrical stimulation parameters were observed. Results:When frequency was 10 Hz and pulse was 0. 4 ms,gastroesophageal reflux in voltage 10 V or 15 V groups was significantly decreased(P <0. 001). When voltage was 10 V and pulse was 0. 4 ms,gastroesophageal reflux in frequency 10 Hz group was significantly decreased(P < 0. 001). When voltage was 10 V and frequency was 10 Hz,gastroesophageal reflux in pulse 0. 4 ms group was significantly decreased(P < 0. 001). Local infiltration of tubocurarine or capsaicin on LES could significantly increase gastroesophageal reflux(P < 0. 05). The administration of NK1 receptor blocker L-732,138 or NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME could significantly decrease gastroesophageal reflux(P < 0. 05). Conclusions:In view of the injury of electrical energy on tissue,the ideal electrical stimulation parameters are voltage of 10 V,frequency of 10 Hz and pulse of 0. 4 ms. Local neural reflex path consisted of primary TRPV-1-positive tachykininergic neurons and nitrergic neurons in the muscle layer of esophagus could inhibit LES contraction evoked by electrical stimulation.

Objective To report the clinical and pathological characteristics of one patient with glycogen storage disease Ⅳ (Anderson disease). Methods The patient was received detailed clinical examinations, ultrasound, electromyography, head MRI and muscle biopsy. Results The onset of the 22 years old male patient was 7yrs. The main symptoms were intolerance and fatigue in proximal limbs muscular movement, cardiopalmus by chance. Abdominal ultrasound examinations showed cirrhosis, portal hypertension, splenomegaly. Echocardiogram showed left ventricular myohypertrophia, mild mitral and tricuspid valve insufficiency. Electrophysiology study revealed widespread myogenic changes. Cranial MRI, MRA and MRS were normal. Muscle biopsy showed basophilic intracytoplasmic material in a lot of fibers deposits, which was intensively PAS-positive material and partially resistant to diastase digestion. In the electron microscope, the storage material consisted of filamentous and finely granular material. Conclusions There was the first case of glycogen storage disease Ⅳ reported in our country, mainly involved skeletal muscle, liver, spleen and cardiac muscle.