OBJECTIVE To analyze the cost-effective ratio on sterilized packing material to find out best materials.METHODS The value of 4 kinds of the materials were compared.RESULTS Four kinds of packing materials all had their advantage and disadvantage,in which the value of non woven was the highest.CONCLUSIONS The combination usage of different kinds of packing materials is a better method.

As an indispensable equipment in modern hospital, medical sterilization equipment plays an important role in infection management. This paper introduces progresses and trends of several usual and novel sterilization equipments to benefit other hospitals.

Objective To design a set of supply water processing system for disinfecting surgical instruments in integrated tertiary hospi-tal,and improve the quality of supply water for the instrument disinfection and control the cost of water. Methods Since October 2012,Wa-ter Disinfection Device for instrument in tertiary hospital CSSD was studied. And a system of integrated production and supply the softened wa-ter,level-one reverse osmosis purified water,secondary reverse osmosis pure water was designed,which can realize a steady supply of disinfec-tion water all the day. The equipment cleaning and instrument sterilization equipment running used softened water,final rinse and disinfection of equipment used level-one reverse osmosis water purification,the instrument sterilization with steam pressure for production used secondary reverse osmosis water purification. Results According to the design scheme,the equipment to supply and product water for integrated surgi-cal instruments disinfection was confirmed by processing water with specification,high efficiency and low cost for nearly three years,which sig-nificantly improved the quality of disinfection supply processing of the surgical instrument. Conclusion Only Focus on supply water for sur-gical instruments disinfection in the tertiary hospital,and improve the quality of the equipment disinfection supplies, which could provide se-curity for clinical medical treatment of sterile equipment.

Humans ; Radiculopathy ; Qi ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Spondylosis

Dry age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is a prevalent form of irreversible blindness worldwide in the elderly population with an increasing incidence in China.It is found that some dry AMD will develop to wet AMD and therefore damage visual function.Pathogenesis of AMD is below understand now,but it is thought to be related to the light-induced ocular damage,oxidative stress response,extracellular disposition and immunology.Up to now,effective and safe prevention and treatment methods of AMD are still studying,especially wet AMD,but the concern on dry AMD is not enough.Some basic and clinical pharmaceutics researches on AMD include antioxidants,anti-extracellular disposition drugs and anti-inflammatory agents.With the rise of aging population,we should pay special attention to the research on pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of dry AMD.

Objective To study the operative methods and clinical outcome of laparoscopic ileal colpopoiesis with long vascular pedicle.Methods We reviewed 31 cases which had received ileal colpopoiesis,including 25 cases of congenital absence of vagina and 6 cases of male-to-female transsex.All cases were operated on by laparoscopic(8 cases) and laparoscopy assisted(23 cases) ileal colpopoiesis.The postoperative results were analyzed through physical examination and interview regarding the patient′s functional status and satisfaction during sexual intercourse.Results Ileal colpopoiesis were preformed successfully on all 31 cases.Follow-ups of 3-13 months were done for all of them.Patients used vaginal mould for at least 8 months.All artificial vaginas had excellent cosmetic results,including adequate vaginal length,good lubrication,and appearance and physical functions similar to female natural vagina,and sexual function was reportedly satisfactory.One of the patients had an operative complication of an intestinal obstruction,which was cured by a second operation and other treatments.Conclusions The laparoscopic and laparoscopy assisted ileal vaginoplasty is a feasible,safe and ideal method of current vaginoplasty due to its minor damage,excellent cosmetic results and similarity to normal vaginal features.However,vaginal mould should be used for a long period of time(at least 8 months) after an operation,to prevent vaginal orifice shrinkage.

Objective To investigate the effects of clonidine on the expression of myocardial ? subunit of inhibitory G protein (Gi?) in severely scalded rats and the mechanisms. Methods A scald model of 30% total body surface area Ⅲdegree burn on the back of rats was established. The basal and Gpp (NH) p, forsklin stimulated activity of adenylate cyclase (AC), and Gi? in cardiac myocytes were determined by indirect enzyme radiochemical assay and Western blotting, respectively. Results Clonidine at the dosage of 1-3 mg?kg -1 inhibited significantly the increase in the myocardial Gi? levels. Clonidine at the dosage of 0.3-3 mg?kg -1 partially reversed the decrease in the basal activity, and clonidine at the dosage of 1-3 mg?kg -1 showed the similar effect on the decrease in the Gpp (NH) p stimulated activity. Efaroxan, an I 1 imidazoline receptor antagonist, could partially reverse the inhibitory effect of clonidine on myocardial Gi? levels. Conclusion Clonidine can inhibit the elevation of myocardial Gi? levels, and the mechanisms of the inhibition may possibly be associated with the stimulatory effect of clonidine on I 1 imidazoline receptors.

Objective To investigate the blood glucose changes in critically ill patients taken continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)before treatment and at different time points after treatment. Methods Sixtyseven critically ill patients were enrolled in the study,of whom 13 cases were treated conventionally and assigned as pre-treatment control group,while the other 54 cases undertook CRRT were assigned as CRRT group. The CRRT group were further sub-divided into four groups according to CRRT time((CRRT time ＜6 h group(n = 18),CRRT time of 6 - 12 h group(n = 18),CRRT time ＞ 12 h group(n = 18);or sub-divided into two groups according to circulating blood temperature(≤ 36. 5 ℃ group(n =27)and ＞ 36. 5 ℃ group(n =27));or sub-divided into two groups by sugar substitute fluid replacement solution as the formula group(the standard level of sugar content was 6. 9 mmol/L(n = 27)and sugar-free replacement fluid group(n = 27);or sub-divided into two groups according to the Glasgow Coma score(GCS)(GCS ≤ 8 points group(n = 24)and GCS ＞ 8 group(n = 30). Blood glucose level at different time points were measured. Results The longer CRRT cycle time,lower temperature,sugar substitute fluid replacement fluid worse GCS score corresponded to more dramatic blood glucose fluctuation at different time points in CRRT group,and it took longer time for them to recover to normal blood sugar level Conclusions During the CRRT process insulin secretion was suppressed and led to increase of blood sugar. In most cases the blood glucose returns to normal after CRRT treatment over time,but a small number of cases require clinical intervention.

This article briefly summarized conventional k-space technique, partial k-space sampling and key hole technique, then introduced the latest applications during these years.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging