Objective To investigate the pharmacodynamic changes in local epidural anesthetic and correlated factors before and after epidural space opening during vertebral canal surgery. Methods 120 patients who underwent vertebral canal operation under epidural anesthesia from January 2008 to December 2010 in Anyang City People's Hospital in Henan Provincial were selected. A self control study method was applied to persistently monitor the patients' vital signs〔heart rate variance(HRV),mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),saturation of blood oxygen(SpO2)〕,and the subjective manifestations of patients,the appraisal of surgeon about the surgical local situation(the degree of skeletal muscle relaxation,neural reflex,the ooze blood and so on),the changes in movement (primarily Aαnerve fiber),feeling(primarily Aδnerve fiber),skin temperature(primarily non-myelinated nerve fiber C)within the scope of anesthesia,the dosage of local anesthetic used and the incidence of local anesthetic toxicity were record before and after epidural cavity opening. Results There were no statistical significant differences in vital signs before and after epidural cavity opening in this group of patients. After the opening of epidural space,the local use of anesthetic dosage and the incidence of local anesthetic toxicity were obviously higher than those before the opening〔lidocaine(mg/h):911.23±15.58 vs. 460.19±10.82,ropivacaine(mg/h):13.35±0.19 vs. 5.24±0.17, the incidence of local anesthetic toxicity:67.5%vs. 1.2%,all P<0.01〕,the anesthesia plane(skeletal muscle laxity, feeling,skin temperature)was poorer than that before the opening of epidural space〔the anesthetic plane before the opening was(4.0±1.7),(10.7±1.5),(12.0±1.6)segments respectively,after opening was(2.0±1.8),(10.2±1.3), (12.6±1.9)segments〕,after epidural space opening,the correlations among the three planes(movement sensation disjointed)were worse than those before the epidural space opening(good). Conclusion The opening of vertebral canal can change the action of local epidural anesthetic,decrease its therapeutic effect and increase its incidence of toxicity,therefore,it is necessary to further discuss the application of epidural anesthesia in vertebral canal operation.

Objective To investigate the role of ephrin A genes in the development of oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization (OIR) in mice. Methods The OIR model was established by oxygen induction in new born C57BL/6J mice. Reversed transcript - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the expression levels of ephrin A1-A5 in retinas of mice in experimental and normal control group. Results All of the ephrin A family genes expressed in normal retinas. Ephrin A1 mRNA was significantly higher in OIR group (t= 3.19, P = 0. 019); ephrin A2 mRN A was higher in the 15-day-old OIR retinas (t= 3. 71,P=0. 033) ; ephrin A3-A5 mRNA decreased or disappeared in 12- and 13-day-old RNV mice, and increased in 15-day-old OIR mice. Conclusion Ephrin A genes are involved in the development of retina and OIR.

A novel method for the determination of glucose was reported. Based on a reverse photoinduced electron transfer process, we can quickly determine the concentration of glucose in the sample. A fluorescent boronic acid, dapoxylTM 3-sulfonamidophenylboronic acid was first used for the determination of glucose. This linear range is 0～1×10－2 mol/L, the detection limit is 5×10－5 mol/L. This method has been applied to direct determination of glucosein in three kinds of serum samples with satisfactory results, the RSD is less than 4%.

Objective:To evaluate the value of diagnosis and therapy of cold knife conization with electro-cautery hemostasis by hysteroscope in the treatment of ceNical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).Methods :A retrospective analysis of the clinical data was carried out in 193 cases with CIN underwent cold knife coniza-tion with electrocautery hemostasis by hysteroscope from January 2005 to November 2008, and all patients had pathological diagnosis under colposcopic biopsy.Results:The operative time was from 15 to 40 mi-nutes, and the blood loss dunng operation was from 5 to 25 milliliters.The coincidence rate of histopathology before and after conization was 67.88% in 131 cases.9 CIN Ⅲ patients had positive margins after opera-tion, owing to scab break off bleeding of cervical wound was encountered in 18 cases.No infection and cervi-cal adhesion or stenosis occurred.Conclusions :Cold knife conization with electrocautery hemostasis by hyst-eroscope is an effective diagnosis and treatment for CIN.

Objective To study the preparation,quality control and clinical efficacy of compound of the nose Kang.Methods The compound of the nose Kang was extrasted through recirculation,qualitative identification and clinical efficacy of borneol,berberine and panax notoginseng in this compound was detected by thin layer chromatography(TLC).Results Preparation process is stable,thin-layer chromatography have obvious spots,clinical effect is significant.Conclusion The compound preparation is reasonable,simple process,quality is stable,effective,and has no side effects.

Objective To investigate precaution effect of ephedrine on protamine's untoward reaction. Meth-ods Forty patients, who were scheduled to have mitml valve replacement operation were randomly divided into two groups: ephedrine group(group A, n = 20) and control group (group B, n = 20). 50ml solution, mixed with protamine and 5% glucose,was injected through internal jugular vein in five minutes to neutralize the effect of heparin. In group A,3mg ephedrine was added into neutralization solution while in group B nothing was added. Arterial pressure(AP) , heart rate(HB) peripheral hemoglobin oxygen saturation(SpO2) and airway resistance(AR) were measured before injection and 1,3,5,10 minutes after injection in both groups. Results In group A, the AP, HR, SpO2 and AR had no significant difference before and after injection (P >0.05) ;while in 6 eases of group B, the AP, HR, SpO2 and AR have significant difference before and after injection. Conclusion Ephedrine can significantly improve protamine's untoward reaction, and neutralize the effect of heparin.

Objective To establish a method for the quantitative determination of sildenafil in aphrodisiacs by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Methods Chromatography was carried on a Waters BEH C18 column (50 mmí2. 1 mm,1. 7 μm) with the column temperature being 35 ℃ and 0. 02 mol·L-1 ammonium acetate water solution (containing 0. 1% acetic acid)-acetonitril (7030) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0. 2 mL·min-1 . Determination was performed by multiple reaction monitoring mode in two channels,475→100,475→283,using electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. Results Sildenafil had a good linear relationship in the range of 0. 1986-1. 986 ng with the linear regression equation being Y=27 750X+15 232 (r=0. 995 2). The average recovery was 96. 6% with RSD being 1. 8% (n=9). The limits of quantitation and detection were 0. 04 ng and 0. 01 ng,respectively. Conclusion The determination results of 10 batches of samples show that the method is sensitive and accurate and can be used as an appropriate technique to detect sildenafil in aphrodisiacs.

Objective To investigate the effects of angiopioetins and tyrosine kinase receptor Tie-2 ,vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)on the angiogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods With the methods of RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, the specimens from 28 HCC patients, 10 cirrhotics, and 10 normal livers were analysed, and the relationship between angiopioetins, VEGF (expression) and the clinical pathological characteristics of HCC was studied. Results Ang/Tie-2 and VEGF were significantly up-regulated in HCC compared to cirrhotic tissue and normal liver tissue. (Immunohistochemical) staining also showed increased expression of Ang-2,VEGF,Tie-2 protein in HCC. A high Ang-2/Ang-1mRNA ratio and high VEGF in HCC were closely associated with tumor vascular invasion and microvascular density level which assesssed by CD34. Conclusions Ang /Tie-2 and VEGF may play critical roles in promoting tumor angiogenesis and progression in human HCC.

Survivin,the smallest and structurally unique member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP)family,is highly expressed during fetal development and rarely expressed in self -renewable healthy adult tissues.Moreover,it exists in most malignant tissues .Survivin is described as a bifunctional protein involving in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis in normal and cancer cells .Due to its structural and functional distinctiveness ,survivin is currently attracting considerable attention as a new target for cancer molecular targeted therapy.Strategies to targeting Survivin include antisense oligonucletides ,ribozymes,siRNA,dominant negative mutants,small molecule antagonists and immunotherapy .

Objective To explore the effect of Tie-2 small interference RNA(siRNA)treatment in human hepatoma transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice.Methods Tumor cells were implanted in the hind flank of male nude mice of 6 weeks.Tumor-bearing mice were divided into two groups(gene therapy group and control group)and injected intra-tumorally with Tie-2-siRNA/Lipofectamine and saline/Lipofectamine respectively.The tumor volume and weight,serum AFP and microvessel density(MVD)and the histological change of the tumor were tested after gene therapy.Results The growth inhibitory rates in gene therapy group were 26.94%,53.01% and 68.91% on day 4,7 and 10 after gene therapy respectively.The tumor volumes of gene therapy group(118.47,111.57 and 104.59 mm3)were smaller than those of the control group(162.17,237.46 and 336.41 mm3)respectively(P