Acute Disease ; Humans ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; diagnosis ; etiology ; microbiology ; virology

Animals ; Arteritis ; complications ; immunology ; Coronary Artery Disease ; etiology ; pathology ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Models, Animal ; Rabbits

This review largely deals with the peptide toxins elaborated by marine cone snails of the genus Conus . Each species of Conus contains in its venom 50 to 200 different peptides directed at different macromolecular targts. These include competitive antagonists of postsynaptic nicotinic receptors (a-conotoxins), blockers selective for Na+ channels in skeletal muscle (u- conotoxins), blockers of presynaptic of antagonists of postsynaptic Ca2+ channels (w-conotoxins), activators of Na+ channels (s-conotoxins), blockers of K+ channels (k-conotoxins), blockers of nicotinic receptor channels (u-conotoxins) and antagonists of NMDA receptors (cono-sleeper).The small size of the peptides (13 to 30 residues is typical) has facilitated synthesis of many of them. A very attractive feature is the highly cross-linked conserved 2 to 3 disulfide bonds which make conotoxins conformationally rigid, some of conotoxins, however, are stabilized by r-carboxyglutamates. The Structure-Activity Relationships of conotoxins and a brief perspective have been reviewed in the paper.

Objective To discuss the utilization of signs of a proper depth of ablation during transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate (TUVP). Methods A retrospective analysis was made on clinical records of 616 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Preoperative color ultrasonography revealed a co-morbidity of prostatic calcification in 310 cases. A total of 156 cases also had vesical calculi and 23 cases complicated tumors of the bladder. On the performance of TUVP, once a co-morbidity of prostatic calculus or a “slipping phenomenon” during mechanical operation was observed, the ablation was stopped. Results The operative time was 30~120 min (mean, 75 min). During the surgery, preoperatively diagnosed prostatic calcification in the 310 cases was confirmed as prostatic calculus, and in the remaining 306 cases prostatic calculus was also found. Vesical perforation occurred during the surgery in 1 case. No urethrorectal fistula or transurethral resection of the prostate syndrome happened. Follow-up observations were conducted for 3~6 months (mean, 4.5 months) in 325 cases. The maximal flow rate (Qmax) was elevated from 6.5~8.5 ml/s to 8~22 ml/s. The residual urine volume (RU) decreased from 70~150 ml to 0~10 ml, and the International Prostate Symptom Scores (I-PSS), from 19~24.5 to 0~7. Of 138 cases of vesical calculus and 23 cases of bladder tumor, no recurrence was noted. Conclusions Prostatic calculus and the “slipping phenomenon” indicate a proper depth of ablation during transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate.

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and safety of linezolid,teicoplanin and vancomycin in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). METHODS:120 patients diagnosed as hospital-acquired MRSA pneumonia were divided into linezolid group,teicoplanin group and vancomycin group according to therapeutic regimen,with 40 cases in each group. Linezolid group received Linezolid injection 600 mg,ivgtt,bid;teicoplanin group received Teicoplanin injection 0.4 g,ivgtt,bid;vancomycin group received Vancomycin injection 1 000 mg,bid,ivgtt. 3 groups received 2 weeks of treatment. Clinical efficacy and bacterial clearance effective rate of 3 groups were observed as well as serum levels of inflammatory factors before and after treatment. ADR of 3 groups were compared. RESULTS:The clinical effective rates of linezolid group,teicoplanin group and vancomycin group were 90.0%,72.5% and 67.5%;the effective bacterial clearance rates were 85.0%,60.0% and 57.5%,respectively. The clinical effective rate and the effective bacterial clearance rate in linezolid group were significantly higher than those in teicoplanin group and vancomycin group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in above indexes between teicoplanin group and vancomycin group (P>0.05). There was no statistical significance serum inflammatory factors among 3 groups before treatment (P>0.05). CRP and PCT of 3 groups de-creased significantly after treatment,and those of linezolid group were lower than teicoplanin group and vancomycin group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in serum inflammatory factors between teicoplanin group and vancomycin group before and after treatment (P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR among 3 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:For hospital-acquired MRSA pneumonia,linezolid is better than teicoplanin and vancomycin in pneumonia control with good safety.

Objective To study the molecular biology of rifampin-depending M. Tuberculosis. Methods The seguence (a 319-bp DNA fragment) of rpoB gene were analyzed by automated DNA sequencing machine. (2) The fingerprints of genomic DNA were obtained by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting. (3)The protein electrophoresis of bacterium by SDS-polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAG).(4) The cases of pulmonary tuberculosis by rifampin-depending strains were retrospectively analyzed. Results (1) rpoB gene sequenced: The point mutationrate of rifampin-depending strainswas 96.7%(29/30) and that of rifampin-residtant strains 81.1%(30/37), P

To explore the protective effect of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) on microcirculatory disturbance of small intestine in rats with sepsis, and the possible mechanism, a rat model of sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operated group (S), sepsis group (CLP) and STS treatment group (STS). STS (1 mg/kg) was slowly injected through the right external jugular vein after CLP. The histopathologic changes in the intestinal tissue and changes of mesenteric microcirculation were observed. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the intestinal tissue were determined by using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the intestinal tissue was detected by using immunohistochemisty and Western blot, that of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and tissue factor (TF) by using Western blot, and the levels of NF-κB mRNA expression by using RT-PCR respectively. The microcirculatory disturbance of the intestine was aggravated after CLP. The injury of the intestinal tissues was obviously aggravated in CLP group as compared with S group. The expression levels of NF-κB p65, ICAM-1, TF and TNF-α were upregulaed after CLP (P<0.01). STS post-treatment could ameliorate the microcirculatory disturbance, attenuate the injury of the intestinal tissues induced by CLP, and decrease the levels of NF-κB, ICAM-1, TF and TNF-α (P<0.01). It is suggested that STS can ameliorate the microcirculatory disturbance of the small intestine in rats with sepsis, and the mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of inflammatory responses and amelioration of coagulation abnormality.

0.05). There was only 2/109 cases (5.8%) need a second course of antibiotics because of likely infection and 102/109 cases (93.5%)need not any moor antibiotics. The mean period of antibiotic treatment in group Ⅰ, group Ⅱa and group Ⅱb were (1.2?0.5) days,(4.8?0.8) days and (9.3?1.8) days,respectively.There were significant differences(all P

Objective:To compare the therapy effects of chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy groups and to determine the value of chemotherapy for adult diffuse low-grade gliomas. Methods:We reviewed and analyzed 64 patients with adult diffuse low-grade glio-mas admitted to the Beijing Tiantan Hospital from May 2005 to April 2008. Among the patients, 18 received 4 to 12 cycles of temozolo-mide chemotherapy after operation and radiotherapy, whereas the other 46 cases only received radiotherapy. The progression-free survival of the two groups was compared. Results:The median progression-free survival of the chemotherapy and the control groups were 67.8 and 51.3 months, respectively. The results of the comparison implied a significant difference (χ2=8.741, P=0.003). Conclu-sion:Chemotherapy can improve the progression-free survival of the patients with adult diffuse low-grade gliomas, and thus, can be recommended as its effective therapy.

0.05).ADC values in the old group were higher than those in the young group(P