OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and characteristic changes of vascular endothelial function in patients with diabetic arterial occlusion (DAO) of lower extremities. METHODS: Forty patients with DAO were selected as trial group. Twenty patients among them were attributed to blood stasis syndrome (group A1), and the others were attributed to syndrome of pathogenic dampness-heat attacking the lower limb (group A2) according to syndrome differentiation type of TCM. Patients with diabetes (group B), arteriosclerosis obliterans (group C) and healthy people (group D) were observed as the control groups, respectively. There were 20 cases in each group. Endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) and endothelium-independent dilation (EID) were measured by high resolution ultrasound in the 100 subjects and the changes of vascular tension factors were also studied. RESULTS: The results showed that EDD in group A was reduced significantly as compared with that in the groups B, C and D. The levels of vascular contractile factors such as endothelin-1 (ET-1) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) in group A were higher than those in the groups B, C and D, while the levels of vascular dilatory factors such as nitric oxide (NO) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha(6-Keto-PGF1alpha) were declined significantly as compared with those in the groups B and D. Linear correlation analysis showed that EDD was correlated positively with the levels of NO and 6-Keto-PGF1alpha, while the levels of ET-1 and TXB2 had negative correlation with EDD. EDD and EID in group A2 were declined significantly as compared with those in group A1. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that endothelial dysfunction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of DAO and may be associated with syndrome differentiation of TCM.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of MRI in hepatic echinococcosis.Methods MRI features of 37 cases with hepatic echinococcosis proved by operation and pathology were analysed in comparison with that of CT.Results The hepatic echinococcosis could be divided into five types according to the manifestations of CT and MRI:simple cyst in 8 cases,multiple daughter cyst in 13 cases,ruptured cyst in 7 cases,consolidated and calcified cyst in 4 cases and mixed cyst in 5 cases.Conclusion MRI can clearly show and determine the location,size,form,number and types of hepatic echinococcosis,that are helpful for the plan of operation.

Objective To study the effects ofShenqi YizhiGranules (SQYZ) on learning and memory and content of Aβ1-42 of cerebral tissue in 5XFAD mice with Alzheimer’s disease; To discuss its mechanism on improving learning and memory ability of 5XFAD mice.Methods Four-month-old C57BL?6 wild type mice were randomly divided into NS control group and SQYZ control group, and the 5XFAD mice were randomly divided into model group, SQYZ group and huperzine-A (HupA) group, 15 mice in each group. Each group were given same volume for gavage for 60 d. After treatment, the learning and memory ability were evaluated by nesting test, passive avoidance and Morris water maze test. The senile plaques and content of Aβ1-42, ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence, respectively.Results Compared with NS control group, the score of nesting test in model group significantly decreased; the step-through latency in passive avoidance was shortened and the escape latentcy in Morris water maze test was prolonged; the quantity of senile plaques and content of Aβ1-42 increased in cerebral cortex and hippocampus; the activation of glial cells significantly increased. In the SQYZ group, the above-mentioned indexes reached or approached the level of wild type control mice. The difference between SQYZ group and model group was statistically significant (P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion SQYZ improved learning and memory ability in 5XFAD mice, which may be related to reduction of senile plaques, inhibition of over activation in glial cells and reduction of content of Aβ1-42 in cerebral cortex and hippocampus.

ObjectiveTo explore the early diagnostic value of pro-adrenomedullin (pro-ADM) in sepsis. Methods A prospective study was conducted. Eighty-two patients with acute infection admitted to Department of Emergency of Shanxi Medical University Second Hospital from April 2013 to March 2014 were enrolled. According to the diagnostic criteria of sepsis, the patients with acute infection were divided into ordinary infection group [infection without systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS),n = 25] and sepsis group (infection combined with SIRS, n = 57). According to degree of severity of sepsis, the latter group was subdivided into three subgroups: sepsis group (n = 22), severe sepsis group (n = 27) and septic shock group (n = 8). Twenty-four healthy persons were included to serve as healthy control group. The venous blood from all the research objects in hospital was collected within 24 hours. The levels of pro-ADM and procalcitonin ( PCT ) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHEⅡ) score was recorded. The relationship between pro-ADM and PCT and also APACHEⅡ score was analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis. The receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) of pro-ADM and PCT were used to evaluate the diagnostic acuity of sepsis.Results The plasma levels of pro-ADM, PCT and APACHEⅡ score in sepsis group were significantly higher than those in ordinary infection group and healthy control group [pro-ADM (ng/L): 66.69±1.73 vs. 53.43±2.70, 45.87±1.43; PCT (ng/L):1 336.49±40.26 vs. 1 083.09±47.99, 959.04±37.53; APACHEⅡ score: 14.60±0.81 vs. 8.10±1.14, 3.00±1.15,allP< 0.01]. With the aggravation of sepsis, the levels of pro-ADM, PCT and APACHEⅡ score were gradually increased, and there were significant differences among sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock groups [pro-ADM (ng/L): 64.91±2.50, 73.56±2.80, 84.67±4.52; PCT (ng/L): 1 152.65±48.62, 1 233.93±63.06, 1 475.71±109.93;APACHEⅡ score: 12.91±1.15, 14.55±1.14, 19.37±2.40,P< 0.05 orP< 0.01]. Pearson correlation analysis results showed that the level of pro-ADM was positively related with PCT (r = 0.473,P = 0.006), and it was also positively correlated with APACHEⅡ score (r = 0.707,P = 0.008). ROC curve analysis showed that area under the ROC curve (AUC) of pro-ADM for diagnosis of sepsis was 0.823 (P = 0.003). When the cutoff value was 59.40 ng/L, the sensitivity was 80.7%, the specificity was 68.0%, the positive predictive value was 85.2%, and the negative predictive value was 60.7%. AUC of the PCT for diagnosis of sepsis was 0.653 (P = 0.043). When the cutoff value was 1 194.67 ng/L, the sensitivity was 68.4%, the specificity was 64.0%, the positive predictive value was 81.8%, and the negative predictive value was 44.7%. It was proved that the pro-ADM had a higher diagnostic value for sepsis than PCT.Conclusion The plasma levels of pro-ADM can be used as an early indicator in diagnosis and severity evaluation and prognosis in patients with sepsis .

Objective To study the early changes of the coagulation system in type 2 diabetic nephropathy.Methods Sixty-two cases of patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy were divided into two groups:normal albuminuria group ( N-UAlb group,UACR ＜ 30 mg/g,32 cases ),microalbuminuria group ( MUAlb group,UACR:30～300 mg/g,30 cases).Thirty healthy persons constituted a control group (NC group).Fibrinogen( FIB ),antithrombin Ⅲ ( AT-Ⅲ ),protein C ( PC ),protein S ( PS ) were measured by coagulation analyzer,while yon willebrand factor (vWF) and platelet granule membrane protein 140 (GMP-140) were detected by ELISA assay,platelet count (PLT),mean platelet volume(MPV),platelet hematocrit (PCT),platelet distribution width(PDW) by hematology analyzer.Results The level of fibrinogen,GMP-140 and vWF in the M-UAlb group were (4.20 ± 1.53 ) g/L,( 30.03 ± 7.77 ) μg/L,and ( 315.53 ± 47.24 ) ％ respectively,vwhich were significantly higher than those in the N-UAlb group [ ( 3.21 ± 0.89 ) g/L,( 18.22 ± 5.08 ) μg,/L and ( 191.88 ± 57.25 ) ％ respectively ] and the NC group [ ( 2.75 ± 0.53 ) g/L,( 14.26 ± 2.29 ) μg/L and ( 138.12 ± 61.27 ) ％ respectively ] ( F =5.42,10.42,30.44,P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ).The fibrinogen,vWF,GMP-140 were positively correlated with UACR ( r =0.313,P ＜ 0.05 ; r =0.620,P ＜ 0.01 ; r =0.680,P ＜ 0.01 ) and PC was negatively correlated with UACR ( r =-0.255,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Hypercoagulable state in diabetic nephropathy is associated with the high fibrinogen,endothelial dysfunction and platelet activation,and these changes have already emerged in patients without albuminuria.This might mind us that we should strengthen anticoagulant therapy on patients when they are not progressing to albuminuria.

BACKGROUND: Cassia seed acts on decreasing blood pressure and blood lipid, protecting liver and inhibiting bacteria. It is worth to carry on a further discussion on its effect of weight loss.OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of cassia seed decoction drunk naturally on body mass of nutritional obese rats in physiological state.DESIGN: Completely randomized grouping was designed, in which, control experiment, analysis of variance and q test were applied in comparison among groups.SETTING: Cardiovascular Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Cardiovascular Instutute,Second Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology from March 2004 to September 2004, in which, 27 male SD rats were employed and randomized into 3 groups, named normal control group, model group and cassia seed group, 9 rats in each one.METHODS: [1] In normal control, the rats were bred with basic forage(the contents of protein, fat, carbohydrate were 18.2%, 4.5% and 55.2%successively, with 14.54 kJ caloric each gram) and drank water naturally.In model group, the rats were bred with high nutritive forage (the contents of protein, fat, carbohydrate were 23.7%, 21.6% and 39.0% successively,with 19.56 kJ caloric each gram) and drank water naturally. In cassia seed group, the rats were bred with high nutritive forage and drank cassia seed decoction of various concentration naturally. The concentration of cassia seed decoction started at 10 g/L (equally contained 10 mg raw cassia seed each milliliter) and was increased by 100% concentration each day (10 g/L)till to 60 g/L on the 6th day. Since the 7th day, the concentration of 60 g/L was maintained till to the 7th weekend. [2] It was to record appetite and drinking quantity at definite time every day and calculate absorbed caloric(intake mass × caloric contained each gram). It was to measure body mass at definite time each week. On the 7th weekend, the body length of rat was measured and Lee's index was calculated [ 3√body mass (g)×103/body length (cm)]MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Influences of cassia seed on body mass, Lee's index, appetite, caloric and drinking quantity in nutritional obese rats.RESULTS: Twenty-seven rats all entered result analysis. [1] Body mass:that in model group from the 3rd to 7th week in experiment group was higher remarkably than normal control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). That in cassia seed group from the 2nd to 7th week was lower remarkably than that in the model group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). [2] Lee's index: that in model group and cassia seed group on the 7th week of experiment was higher remarkably than that in the normal control group [(358.60±8.55), (341.84±7.29), (322.00±6.89) g/cm, P ＜ 0.05-0.01] and that in cassia seed group was lower remarkably than that in the model group (P ＜ 0.05). [3] Appetite: that in model group and cassia seed group was lower remarkably than that in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01) and that in cassia seed group was near to the control group (P ＞ 0.05). [4] Absorbed caloric: that in model group and cassia seed group was higher remarkably than that in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01) and that in cassia seed group was near to the control group (P ＞ 0.05). [5] Drinking quantity: that in cassia seed group was basically near to that in the model group and the control group (P ＞ 0.05) and that in model group was near to the control group. It was indicated that cassia seed decoction at mass concentration of 60 g/L did not affect appetite.CONCLUSION: Cassia seed decoction at mass concentration of 60 g/L inhibits remarkably the increased body mass of nutritional obese rats and is free from influence on appetite.

Objective To investigate the value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) quantitation study with exchange model in evaluation of liver cirrhosis.Methods A total of 30 patients with liver cirrhosis confirmed to included and excluded criteria were divided into compensatory cirrhosis group (n=15) and decompensatory cirrhosis group (n=15).And 15 healthy volunteers were scrvcd as a control group.All subjects were performed liver DCE-MRI and quantitative pa rameters of three groups were obtained by exchange model,including volume transfer constant of the contrast agent (Ktrans),reverse reflux rate constant (Kep),volume fraction of EES (Ve),volume fraction of plasma (Vp),arterial perfusion index (HPI),blood volume (BV),blood flow(BF) and mean transit time (MTT).The parameters of three groups were compared by ANOVA analysis and LSD test for every two groups.The diagnostic efficacy of Ktrans,Ve,HPI,MTT for liver cirrhosis were analyzed by ROC.Results Ktrans,Ve,HPI,MTT and BF values in the control group,compensatory cirrhosis group and decompensatory cirrhosis group were (0.85 ± 0.34) min-1,(0.67 ± 0.36) min-1,(0.39±0.18)min-1;0.47±0.42,0.34±0.13,0.16±0.06;0.35±0.09,0.57±0.17,0.76±0.20;(17.38±15.38)s,(34.26111.37)s,(57.33±16.73)s;(97.22±36.29)ml/(min· 100 g),(69.30±35.22)ml/(min· 100 g),(24.64± 28.24) ml/(min · 100 g),respectively,and showing significant differences among three groups,and significant with HPI and MTT for every two groups (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences for Kep,Vp and BV among three groups (P＞0.05).According to ROC of Ktrans and Ve for decompensatory liver cirrhosis,AUC were 0.86,0.92,the sensitivity were 90％,90％ and the specificity were 80％,80％.According to ROC of HPI and MTT for compensatory liver cirrho sis,AUC were 0.79,0.76,the sensitivity were 85％,85％ and the specificity were 75％,75％.According to ROC of HPI and MTT for decompensatory liver cirrhosis,AUC were 0.91,0.88,the sensitivity were 95％,90％ and the specificity were 80％,80％.Conclusion DCE-MRI quantitative study with exchange model can obtain multiple parameters,refleet hemodynamic changes and vascular microenvironment and evaluate severity of liver cirrhosis.

Objective Since the discovery of multiple bioactivities of agarobiose oligomers, the establishment of quantitative analysis of agarobiose oligomers obtained under different hydrolysis modes would be of much importance. Methods Agarobiose oligomers ranged from biose, tetraose, hexaose, octaose, to decaose were isolated and purified by gel chromatography on Sephadex column. The agarobiose oligomers were separated in RP-HPLC after introducing ?-naphthylamine into compounds. Results Each oligomer could be quantified with good linearity and the lowest detection limit reached 0.1～2 ?g?mL -1. The chromatograms profiles under different hydrolysis modes(HCl, citric acid, solid acid, and hydroxyl radical degradation)showed that the content of agarobiose could reach more than 57.8 % using solid acid hydrolysis with best yield of 33.2 % . While HCl could degrade agar into a series of agaro-oligosaccharides from biose to decaose. The yield of oligosaccharides was low if hydrated by citric acid. The method of Fenton degradation could increase the speed of hydrolysis, but the products were more complex. Conclusion The method established here could be useful for analysis of hydrolysates of oligomers under different hydrolysis modes.

Objective To explore the effect of predepositautotransfusion in hematopoietic stem cell donors.Methods 127donors of hematopoietic stem cell wereretrospectively analyzed from 2013 to 2016,whenhematopoietic stem cells collection and autologous blood transfusion.Results Collection autologous blood 70 550 mL by 127 donors,and 2 cases had mild blood donation reaction,at a rate of 1.6％ (2/127).Collectionbone marrow stem hematopoietic stem cell 100 159 mL.The detection results were WBC (27.02±8.21) × 1010/L、Plt(213.19±62.42) × 109/L、RBC(4.31±0.44) × 1012/L、Hb(131.53 t14.53)g/L,from 117 donors beforespinal cord extraction.The detection results were WBC (35.8519.08)× 1010/L、Plt (188.34±50.24) × 109/L、RBC (4.02± 0.41) × 1012/L、Hb (122.60 ± 13.48) g/L,from 117 donorsafter autologous blood transfusion in one day.Compared with donors after autologous blood transfusion in one day,WBC was higher before spinal cord extraction(P＜0.05),Plt RBC and Hb was significantly decree (P＜0.05).Conclusion Preoperative autologous blood donation can save blood and prevent blood-borne infectious disease,which can used in Hematopoietic stem cell donor.