OBJECTIVETo investigate whether bortezomib can enhance the sensitivity of human prostate cancer (PCa) cells to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and whether it produces the same effect on different PCa cell lines.

METHODSWe treated androgen-dependent PCa LNCaP cells and androgen-independent PCa DU145 cells with bortezomib at the concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 nmol/L for 24, 48 and 72 hours, and then detected the proliferation and apoptosis of the tumor cells by CCK-8 and Annexin V/PI, respectively.

RESULTSThe proliferation rates of the DU145 cells treated with 15, 20 and 25 nmol/L bortezomib were (82.79 +/-2.04)%, (73.59+/- 2.95)% and (74.16+/- 6. 16)% at 48 hours and (71.24+/- 5.30)%, (51.20+/- 2.91)% and (38.02+/- 2.67)% at 72 hours, and those of the LNCaP cells were (77.04+/- 7.74)% , (42.61 +/- 6.62)% and (23.85 +/-6.04)% at 48 hours and (36.45 +/-7.02)%, (14.94 +/-5.76)% and (11.65 +/-5. 87)% at 72 hours, both significantly inhibited as compared with the control group (P <0.05). At 24 hours, the apoptosis rates of the DU145 cells treated with 15, 20 and 25 nmol/L bortezomib were (14.41 +/- 1.32)% , (16.13 +/- 1.55)% and (14.48 +/- 1.42)% , and those of the LNCaP cells treated with 20 and 25 nmol/L bortezomib were (12.77 +/- 1.28)% and (14. 84 +/- 1.65)% , significantly higher than those of the control group (P <0.05) , and the DU145 cells showed an even higher sensitivity to bortezomib than the LNCaP cells. Bortezomib failed to sensitize these two cell lines to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in short-term assay, while long-term assay manifested that the apoptosis rates of DU145 and LNCaP cells after treated with 20 nmol/L bortezomib + NK cells were (41.83 +/- 5.06)% and (30.31 +/- 3.62)% , respectively, significantly higher

CONCLUSIONBortezomib enhances the sensitivity of than those after treated with either bortezomib or NK cells alone (P <0.05). PCa cells to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and adds to the effect of current cancer therapies, and it is more efficacious for androgen-independent prostate cancer.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Boronic Acids ; pharmacology ; Bortezomib ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; drug effects ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology

BACKGROUND: Surface roughness of implants can directly influence cellular proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression. OBJECTIVE: To observe the early attachment of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) to pure titanium with different surface roughness levels, and to study the effect of surface performance on cell differentiation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized controlled observation/multi-sample comparison study, which was performed at Center of Science and Technology, Gannan Medical College between January 2005 and July 2006. MATERIALS: Pure titanium stick was cut into pieces, of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness, using cutting-off machine, and there were 24 sections in total. Then, the titanium sections were randomly divided into four groups: simple mechanical processing, nitric acid processing, sand blasting processing, and combination group, with 6 sections per group. METHODS: TR240 portable-type surface roughness meter was used in this study. In the simple mechanical processing group, sections were scoured by sand paper alone; in the nitric acid processing group, sections were etched with 65% HNO3 for 1 hour at 100 ℃ after scoured by sand paper; in the sand blasting processing group, sections were sandblasted by 100 μ m AI203 after scoured by sand paper; in the combination group, sections were etched with 65% HNO3 for I hour at 100～C after scoured by sand paper and sandblasted by 100 μ m Al2O3. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Samples were maintained in DMEM for 30 minutes, and the third-passage cells were inoculated. Then, titanium sections were taken out at different time points of 30, 60, 120, 240 minutes, 1, 3, and 7 days. Surface roughness and early attachment of PDLCs were detected under fluorescent microscope. RESULTS: O Quantitative analysis: Surface roughness was (599.5±8.3) nm in the simple mechanical processing group, (406.5 +4.6) nm in the nitric acid processing group, (358.8±11.8) nm in the sand blasting processing group, and (8.7±2.0) nm in the combination group. On the other hand, surface roughness in the simple mechanical processing group was significantly higher Fluorescence observation exhibited that number of PDLCs attaching to pure titanium surface was increased, and the proliferation was greater with the time passing by. in addition, surface roughness of pure titanium was positively associated with number of PDLCs. CONCLUSION: The lighter the surface roughness is, the more the early attachment of PDLCs is, benefiting for cell adhesion and proliferation.

Congenital Abnormalities ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Ear, External ; abnormalities ; Ear, Middle ; abnormalities ; Humans

Objective To observe the clinical characteristics and prognosis in children with high take -off coronary artery.Methods The clinical characteristics,laboratory examinations and prognosis were retrospectively ana-lyzed in 49 children with high take -off coronary artery who had been admitted to Beijing Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from April 2009 to December 201 2.Results Among 49 medical records of children with high take -off coronary artery,34 cases were male and 1 5 cases were female,with a mean age of (9.28 ±4.42)years old,and the youngest patient was 1 3 months old,and the oldest patient was 1 7 years and 2 months old.The 64 -section multidetector CT angiography of all patients showed one or both coronary arteries originated from 1 .0 cm higher than the junction area of sinus and aorta,including 38 high take -off of the left coronary artery,7 high take -off of the right coronary artery and 4 high take -off of both coronary arteries.The chief complaints of the patients included chest pain (22 cases,44.90%),chest tightness(1 3 cases,26.53%),declining of exercise tolerance(7 cases,1 4.29%),fatigue (5 cases,1 0.20%),palpitation(3 cases,6.21 %),syncope(1 case,2.04%).Electrocardiogram(ECG)of those pa-tients showed ST -T changes,atrioventricular block,sinus tachycardia,pathological Q -wave,proiosystole and bundle branch block.Ultrasonic cardiogram(UCG)indicated 1 4 patients with the enlarged left ventricle,including 2 patients with ejection fraction lower than 60%.After 1 0 days hospitalization,the anesis of chest pain and chest tightness were significantly different statistically(P <0.05),but there was no significant difference in ECG and UCG.Thirty -nine out of 49 children were followed for 1 year.After 3 months,6 patients with ST -T problem showed normal ST -T segment. After 6 months,1 0 patients with ST -T problem showed normal ST -T segment.After 1 year,1 7 patients with ST -T problem showed normal ST -T segment.Conclusions High take -off coronary artery is a rare malformation of the coronary artery,which can cause myocardial ischemic,leading to multiple clinical manifestations and may result in ECG changes and the left ventricle enlargement.High take -off coronary artery can be confused with myocarditis and myocar-dial lesion clinically.Patients receiving systemic treatment may have their symptoms released,but ECG and UCG may not relieve in a short term.Patients with high take -off coronary artery need long -term observation.

In this study, we prepared various matrices of hydrogel patches and studied their cross-linking mechanism by observing their rheological properties, which could provide theoretical basis and deep technical support for further industrial development of hydrogel patch. Rheology method was used to do the amplitude scanning and single-frequency scanning for various hydrogel matrix, under the condition of oscillation mode of the rheometer. Then the linear viscoelastic region, composite modulus value, as well as changes in slope with time of the composite modulus and phase angle of various hydrogel matrix were analyzed in detail. The results showed that the stability of matrix was mainly determined by hydrogel frame; only in acidic environment, the cross-linking reaction between cross-linker and hydrogel frame can occur; elasticity of matrix can be decreased by organic acid and the effect level was related to the ratio of the number of carboxyl and hydroxyl (-COO(-)/-OH) in adjusters: if the ratio was not equal, the higher -COO(-)/-OH in adjusters would be the less elasticity of matrix decreased; the cross-linking speed of matrix was determined by adjuster, the cross-linking speed of matrix contain different adjusters was ranged in following order: matrix containing tartaric acid > matrix containing lactic acid > matrix containing malic acid > matrix containing citric acid; the cross-linking speed of matrix was not uniform in the whole cross-linking process.

Objective To evaluate the changes of the occlusal contact characteristics in adolescent patients during 12 months after active orthodontic treatment Methods Twenty adolescent patients with Hawley retainers after active orthodontic treatment were divided into none occlusal interference group and occlusal interference group. The occlusion of the patients was examined with T-Scan Ⅱ system directly after the appliance removal(Tl) and after an average retention period of 12 months(T2). The changes of occlusal contact characteristics were observed. Results The disclusion time during protrusion, left and right lateral movements reduced significantly. The average disclusion time decreased [ from (1.07 ±0.87) , (0. 91 ± 0.47), (0.76±0.43) s to (0.43 ±0. 25), (0.67±0.41), (0.50±0.27) s] significantly (P< 0.05). The occlusal interference disappeared in 4 patients and 1 patient with occlusal interference showed masticatory muscle symptom. The dynamic occlusion [ from (1. 25 ±1.11), (0.84±0.15), (0.52± 0.49) sto (0.35 ±0.15), (0.36±0.15), (0.33±0.11) s ] improved significantly (P < 0. 05) in none occlusal interference group after retention and no statistical differences were found in the occlusal interference group(P>0. 05). Conclusions The overall dynamic occlusion improved after retention in patients with retainers. The presence of occlusal interference affected the self-improvement process and increased the chance of the disorders of stomatognathic system, such as mandibular abnormal movements. Therefore, functional occlusion evaluation and final detailing were needed before appliance removal.

AIM:This study continuously monitors the hemodynamic changes in conscious and anesthetic rats during rapid ascent to high altitude to investigate whether there is difference between the 2 conditions and discuss the rela-ted underlying mechanism.METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into conscious group, anesthetic group, anesthetic-5000-control ( A-5000-control) group, anesthetic-5000-aminoguanidine ( A-5000-AG) group, conscious-5000-control ( C-5000-control ) group and conscious-5000-aminoguanidine ( C-5000-AG ) group.The rats in anesthetic group and conscious group were kept in a hypobaric chamber, in which the simulated altitude was increased from 2 260 m to 5 000 m at 2 m/s, and the rats in other 4 groups were at 5 000 m.The system arterial pressure ( Psa) , central venous pressure ( CVP) , heart rate ( HR) and breathing rate ( BR) were directly and continuously displayed and digitally recorded by a high-performance data acquisition (PowerLab 16/35, AD Instruments) at 200 Hz.RESULTS: The HR and BR in the conscious rats were higher and MAP was lower than those in the anesthetic rats obviously.A significant decrease in mean arterial pressure ( MAP) in conscious and anesthetic groups was observed following the increase in the altitude levels, and the net decrease in MAP in conscious group was significantly greater.Additionally, HR in the conscious rats was sig-nificantly lower at 5 000 m than that of the initial level.The rats in C-5000-AG group and A-5000-AG group showed a sig-nificant increase in the arterial pressure after the intravenous injection of AG, a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS) , and no marked change of HR and BR was found.CONCLUSION: Blood pressure and HR decrease during rapid ascent to high altitude, while the change of BR is not obvious.The mechanisms of self-safety would be trig-gered in the early stage of hypoxia, which activates iNOS and then leads to a larger number of nitric oxide.Plentiful NO di-astolizes the vessels to improve the ventilation-perfusion mismatch and lower the blood pressure.When the altitude arise to 5 000 m, even more earlier, a decompensatory stage may occur in the body, leading to decreased HR and blood pressure further more than those in the anesthetic rats.Due to the effects of pentobarbital sodium, the depression of blood pressure requires a lag period and the net decrease in MAP is less than that in the conscious rats.Therefore, hemodynamic changes during rapid ascent to high altitude in conscious rats are more comprehensive and authentic.

Objective To discuss the feasibility, efficacy and complications of CT-guided 125I seed implantation for the treatment of lymph node metastasis nearby the iliac vessels.Methods The clinical data of twelve patients with para-iliac vessel lymph node metastasis, who had been treated with CT-guided 125I seed implantation, were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 12 lesions were detected; the diameter ≤6 cm was seen in seven lesions, and the diameter >6 cm was seen in five lesions. Using computer treatment planning system, the source distribution was calculated. Under CT guidance 125I seeds with the activity of 0.4-0.7 mci were implanted into the metastatic lymph nodes with a seed interval of 0.5-1.0 cm. CT scan was performed immediately after implantation to check the distribution of seeds as well as the possible complications. After the treatment, D90 (90%prescription dose received by target volume) was ≥75 Gy in 6 patients and <75 Gy in other 6 patients. Two months after the treatment CT reexamination was employed, and imaging evaluation was conducted according to WHO Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Results CT-guided 125I seed implantation was successfully accomplished in all 12 patients. Two months after the treatment, the evaluation of the therapeutic effect showed that complete remission (CR) was obtained in 0 patient, partial remission (PR) in 8 patients, stable disease in 3 patients and progress disease in one patient;and the total effect rate(CR+PR) was 66.7%. The local control rate was 91.7%. In eight patients the pain that was caused by metastatic lymph nodes was significantly relieved within 1-14 days after 125I implantation treatment. Before the treatment three patients had lower limb edema, and in two of them the lower limb edema was obviously relieved within 1-14 days after the treatment. All patients were followed up for 3-39 months, and the median follow-up time was 11 months. One-year survival rate was 41.7%. No severe complications such as massive hemorrhage, infection, myelosuppression or seed displacement occurred. Conclusion For the treatment of para-iliac vessel lymph node metastasis, CT-guided 125I seed implantation is safe and feasible. Better curative effect may be achieved when the diameter of the metastatic lymph node is<6 cm and the peripheral radiation dose is>75 Gy.

A novel amplifier system was proposed for low-noise recording of pico-ampere current in nanopore experiment (<100 pA). As an example, the amplifier system was applied in α-hemolysin based nanopore detection of DNA-PEG-DNA conjugate to record the signals of translocation and bumping events in buffer solution (1 mol/L KCl, 10 mmol/L Tris--HCl, 1 mmol/L EDTA and pH=8. 0). The amplified current signal was filtered by a 3 kHz Bessel filter and sampled by a 100 kHz analog-digital convertor. As a result, the presented amplifier system could lower the noise in recording the current. The current blockages (<10 pA) of single molecules with low amplitude were recovered due to the high signal-to-noise ratio.

Objective To evalute and compare the efficacy and safety of epinephrine-saline submu-cosal injection of different concentrations on endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD),and to discuss the best concentration of submucosal injection.Methods A total of 128 patients who underwent ESD were ran-domly assigned to submucosal normal saline injection group (group A,n =32),0.001% epinephrine-saline injection group (group B,n =32),0.002% epinephrine-saline injection group (group C,n =32),and 0.004% epinephrine-saline injection group (group D,n =32).The incidence of bleeding during and after ESD were counted,the blood preasure and heart rate of preoperative and intraoperative,the amount of sub-mucosal injection,the time of operation were observed.Results ESD was successfully performed on all pa-tients.There were no difference in highest blood preasure and fastest heart rate between preoperative and in-traoperative results of each group.No perforation or intraoperative acute massive bleeding occurred.Intraop-erative acute minimal bleeding during ESD occurred in 9 patients in group A and 3 in group B,2 in group C and 2 in group D (P <0.05),but there were no differences among group B,C and D.The amount of submu-cosal injection of group A was(39.5 ±10.8)ml,which was more than that of group B(29.4 ±9.4)ml,group C(27.3 ±8.2)ml and group D(20.4 ±11.8)ml with significant difference.There were no differences a-mong group B,C and D,but there was less in group D than group B.The operation time of group A was(82.3 ±24.78 minutes),which was longer than that of group B (60.7 ±25.35minutes),group C (54.7 ± 31.72minutes)and group D(59.2 ±28.49 minutes),but there was no difference among B,C and D group. Conclusion Epinephrine-saline submucosal injection assiting ESD is safe and effective and reduces the op-eration time and bleeding than normal saline.The increase of the epinephrine-saline concentrations has not been found to be more beneficial.