This paper reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis of post-ischemic-stroke cognitive impairment and the correlation analysis between the lesion and cognitive impairment under imaging guidance.

Objective To explore the correlation of cognitive impairment with ischemic strokeinducing cerebral artery,in order to predict and find the correlations between different cognitive dysfunction and different intracranial arterial occlusion.Methods We used Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to evaluate neuropsychological statuses in the 250 patients,who developed first time acute myocardial infarction for 2 weeks.MoCA scores and other neuropsychological cognitive assessment scores were recorded.Patients were grouped by the location of intracranial arterial occlusion.The neuropsychological cognitive assessment results were analyzed between groups.Results Middle cerebral artery occlusion was correlated with impairments of visual spatial/executive,attention,language and memory (B=-1.875 ～-1.094,P＜0.05).Anterior cerebral artery and vertebral basilar artery occlusion had correlations with attention impairment (B =-3.977,B =-1.833,P＜0.01).Posterior cerebral artery occlusion could cause visual spatial/executive,language and memory impairment(B=-1.714 ～-1.095,P＜0.05).No correlation of cognitive impairment characteristics with anterior choroidal artery occlusion was found.Conclusions Different arterial occlusion can cause different characteristics of impairment in cognitive function,which can help to predict cognitive impairment after sub-acute stroke.It suggests that some cognitive assessments must be conducted in sub-acute stroke management.

In China,Chinese herbs have been used to promote health status and prevent diseases for a long history.Most of the herbs are administered orally,then metabolized and absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.After they enter gastrointestinal tract,the herbs meet gastrointestinal bacteria and exert effects on microbial community,resulting in affecting the health status of animals.This paper summarized the effects of Chinese herbs on gastrointestinal bacteria.

Objective To evaluate the ventricula r septal defect qualitatively and quantitatively by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE).Methods RT-3DE were performed in 10 pig hearts with 22 ventricular septal defects in multiple orientations and cross sections. The diameters and areas of ventricular septal defects were measured both in RT-3DE and anatomic view. Echo images and parameters derived by RT-3DE were compared with anatomic view. Results Technically satisfactory RT-3DE images were obtained in all preparations. The location, size, morphology, and spatial relationships with surrounding cardiac structure of ventricular septal defects were displayed instantly. No significant differences were found between RT-3DE and anatomic measurements. Conclusions RT-3DE has advantages of instantly displaying the ventricular septal defects in anyplane and has important surgical and interventional implications.

0.05 ), while defect dimensions by 2-D E were lower than those in surgical operation(P

Objective To explore the methodology of sca nning, cutting and measuring normal cardiovascular structures by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) and it's clinical applications. Methods Conventional two-dimensional echocardiography (2-DE), RT-3DE and full volume three-dimensional echocardiography (FV-3DE)were performed in 20 normal volunteers to visualize normal cardiovascular structures in multiple orientations and cross sections both in static and dynamic fashions, and all echo images derived by three techniques were compared and analyzed.Results Technically satisfactory 2-DE, RT-3DE and FV-3DE images were obtained in all subjects. Compared with conventional 2-DE technique, RT-3DE has the advantages of instantly displaying three orthogonal planes and spatial relationships of any cardiac structure within a "piece of cake" images of a regional heart, while FV-3DE has the superiority in rapidly depicting three orthogonal planes and spatial relationships of any cardiac structure within a pyramid images of a whole heart. Conclusions Both RT-3DE and FV-3DE techniques can display cardiac structures unobtainable by 2-DE and are useful in reducing the subjectivity and blindness of 2-DE studies, which may enhance the diagnostic accuracy and work efficiency of echo laboratories and produce important clinical values.

8 cm2,left ventricular ejection fraction

Objective To evaluate the effect of beat to beat alterations in the cardiac cycle length on systolic flow velocity patterns of the pulmonary vein in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF).Methods Pulmonary vein flow was recorded in 20 control subjects and 74 patients with AF (16 with nonvalvular AF,22 with mild to middle mitral stenosis,and 36 with severe mitral stenosis) by transesophageal echocardiography.The peak velocities of the early systolic reversal wave (PVR) and the systolic forward wave (PVS) were measured.The relationships between the preceding R-R intervals and PVR,PVS were analyzed.Results The early systolic reversal wave was detected in all patients with AF.PVR was significantly lower in patients with severe mitral stenosis than that in patients with nonvalvular AF and mild to middle mitral stenosis.The preceding R-R interval had a significant negative correlation with PVR.PVS was significantly lower in patients with AF than that in controls.The preceding R-R interval had a significant positive correlation with PVS.Conclusions PVR and the systolic forward wave vary with disease conditions and preceding R-R intervals in atrial fibrillation.The evaluation of systolic pulmonary venous flow velocity patterns provides important information about left atrial hemodynamic abnormalities.

Objective To establish the method of depict ing the left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume loop automatically by computer which incorporates LV catherization simultaneous with LV acoustic quantification echocardiography and to assess echocardiography non-invasive evaluation LV chamber stiffness. Methods Thirteen patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) underwent LV catherization simultaneously with echocardiography. LV pressure and volume curves were sent to computer, and LV pressure-volume loop was depicted automatically and modulus of LV chamber stiffness (Kc) was obtained. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography of mitral intraventricular flows was obtained in patients with HCM. Results Patients with HCM had significantly higher Kc obtained from LV pressure-volume loop ( 0.43 ? 0.11 vs 0.27 ). R-E 3/R-E 0, (R-E 2)-(R-E 1), (R-A 3)-(R-A 2) were correlated to Kc(r= 0.61 , 0.57 , 0.58 ,respectively). Conclusions This method provides a simple and reliable technique for automatically tracing pressure-volume loop and should facilitate further investigation of the left ventricular diastolic function in clinical practice. R-E 3/ R-E 0, (R-E 2)-(R-E 1), (R-A 3)-(R-A 2) offer new non-invasive indices in evaluating LV chamber stiffness.

Objective To establish the feasibility and clinical applications of intravenous myocardial perfusion imaging with Levovist in assessing the coronary microcirculaton reserve.Methods Intravenous myocardial contrast echocardiography (IMCE) was performed pre and post dipyridamole injection in 10 cases with normal coronary angiography (group I) and 8 cases with 50% to 70% stenosis in the lift anterior descending branch(LAD) (group Ⅱ) respectively.A set of special instrumental setting and an integrated imaging approach including power Doppler imaging,incremental triggering imaging and harmonic imaging were utilized to record the apical four chamber view.The power Doppler signals of the septum were analyzed and the time amplitude curves were plotted during Levovist infusion and incremental triggering.The maximal amplitude score (A),the mean ascending slope of the curve(?) and the product of A?? were measured.The reserve of A,? and A?? were also calculated.Results At baseline,both group I and group Ⅱ had normal myocardial perfusion.After dipyridamole infusion,contrast score A increased slightly in group I and decreased in group Ⅱ without statistical significance.Both ? and A?? were increased significantly after dipyradamole (P