Abstract: Objective　In order to understand the radon exposure level of homes in Chongqing, this survey was carried out on the indoor radon concentration in 38 districts and counties of Chongqing. Methods　According to the population ratio of every 100 000 people, one monitoring site was arranged, and the number of parallel samples was 10% of the distribution sites. The monitoring sites covered 38 districts and counties in Chongqing. A total of 1 019 residential monitoring sites in 38 districts and counties in Chongqing were measured with radon accumulation detectors from July 2020 to June 2021. Results　The five districts/counties in Chongqing having the highest average concentration of residential radon in the year were Xiushan County 78.8 Bq/m3, Qianjiang District 78.0 Bq/m3, Yubei District 73.9 Bq/m3, Youyang County 71.4 Bq/m3 and Shapingba District 69.8 Bq/m3. The five districts/counties with the lowest mean concentration of indoor radon were 37.6 Bq/m3 in Zhongxian County, 36.4 Bq/m3 in Changshou District, 33.7 Bq/m3 in Kaizhou District, 33.2 Bq/m3 in Liangping District and 27.3 Bq/m3 in Wushan County. The concentration levels of radon in four seasons were 46.0 Bq/m3, 53.4 Bq/m3, 45.1 Bq/m3 and 59.5 Bq/m3, respectively. The concentration of radon was higher in Summer and Winter, and lower in Spring and Autumn, and the difference of concentration among four seasons was statistically significant (P<0.001). The radon concentration of newly built buildings after 2017 was relatively high, up to 61.8 Bq /m3, but there was no statistical significance in radon concentration in different building ages (P>0.05). The concentration of radon in rooms of buildings with less than 10 floors was higher, up to 63.2 Bq /m3, and there were significant differences in radon concentration among rooms of different floors (P<0.05). The average annual radon concentration in houses in Chongqing was about (51.6±19.5) Bq/m3, and the average annual effective dose of inhaling radon and its progeny by house-related people was about (1.38±0.52) mSv. Conclusion　The average annual radon concentration level of houses in Chongqing is within the standard limit value recommended by China, but the prevention and control of radon should be strengthened.

In this paper, we expatiate the advance of Tricholoma matsutake including distributing, environment, pure culture, domesticating cultivation and artificial forcing breeding in the area of Changbai Mountain of China.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; pathology ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; Duodenal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; pathology ; Sarcoma ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate effects of the variation of immune function in high humidity environment in different time, and lay a foundation for further study of the related mechanism.

METHODThirty SD rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 10): 20 day group, 40 day group in 90% relative humidity chamber and control group in normal relative humidity. Peripheral blood and spleens were collected to detect the levels of T lymphocyte subsets by Flow Cytometery.

RESULTSIn peripheral blood of the 20 day group rats, the CD3+ %, CD4+ %, CD8+ % and CD4+/CD8+ were 52.91 +/- 6.27, 37.80 +/- 4.11, 14.85 +/- 3.73 and 2.72 +/- 0.82 separately. Expect CD3+ %, they all had significant differences (P < 0.05). In addition, the data of the 40 day group rats showed no diversity in statistics. In spleen, CD8+ % of the 20 day group rats was 6.23 +/- 2.87 with significant differences (P < 0.05) and IgG, IgA and IgM did not change a lot in blood serum of the high humidity groups except C3 of the 20 days group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn high humidity environment, the immune function of the rats increased in the initial stage. As time went on, the immune function gradually went to normal level through the self adjustment.

Acclimatization ; Animals ; Humidity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spleen ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo perform a meta-analysis on clinical outcomes of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for distal tibial fractures in adults.

METHODSPubmed database (from 1968 to March 2014), Cochrane library and CNKI database (from 1998 to March 2014) were searched. Case-control study on minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for distal tibial fractures in adults were chosen,and postoperative infection, operative time, blood loss, fracture nonunion rate, delayed union,fracture malunion rate were seen as evaluation index for meta analysis. The system review was performed using the method recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration.

RESULTSTotally 5 studies (366 patients) were enrolled. Meta-analysis showed that there were significant meaning in postoperative infection between MIPPO and ORIF [OR = 0.23,95% CI (0.06,0.92), P = 0.04]; fracture nonunion rate in MIPPO was lower than in ORIF group [OR = 0.16, 95% CI (0.03,0.76), P = 0.02]; operative time in MIPPO was shorter than in ORIF group, and had significant difference [MD = -14.42, 95% CI (-27.79, -1.05), P < 0.05]; blood loss in MIPPO was less than in ORIF group [MD= -87.17,95%CI (-99.20, -75.15), P < 0.05]; there was no obviously meaning in delayed union between two groups.

CONCLUSIONFor distal tibial fractures in adults, MIPPO has, advantages of short operative time, less blood loss, lower incidence of infection and fracture non-uniom, but with high fracture malunion rate. MIPPO for distal tibial fractures in adults is better than ORIF, and the best treatment should choose according to patient's condition.

Bone Plates ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Operative Time ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

Objective To study the postmortem distribution of Bromadiolone and its metabolite-Benzylideneacetone in dogs and provide an experimental evidence for the sampling of Bromadiolone poisoning cases. Methods The dogs were given 2LD50 and 4LD50 Bromadiolone by intragastric administration. Anatomy was conducted immediately after death and samples of body fluids and viscera (heart blood; peripheral blood, bile, urine, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, urinary bladder, left leg muscle, stomach, stomach contents, pancreas) were collected and detected after the dogs poisoning death. The Bromadiolon and its metabolite-Benzylideneacetone contents in samples were analyzed by GC/MS. Results Hemorrhagic symptoms came out at 3d after Bromadiolone delivery and deaths occurred at (178.40±20.94)h after intoxication. The postmortem distribution of Bromadiolon and its metabolite-Benzylideneacetone in dogs was as following: 2LD50 Bromadiolon: bile>urine, liver, heart, kidney>heart blood, peripheral blood, spleen, lung and so on. Benzylideneacetone: the content in bile, urine, heart blood, peripheral blood, lung, stomach contents are higher. 4LD50 Bromadiolon: bile, urine>liver, peripheral blood>heart blood, stomach contents and others. Benzylideneacetone:contents in bile, urine and lung are higher. Conclusion The postmortem distribution of Bromadiolon and its metabolite-Benzylideneacetone in dogs is uneven, contents in bile, urine, liver, heart blood and peripheral blood are higher, whichare suggested for forensic toxicological analysis in Bromadiolon poisonig case.

Objective To study the pharmacokinetics and detection window of clozapine and its metabolites in human blood, so as to provide experimental basis for forensic cases of identification of clozapine poisoning. Methods 29 Taiyuan Han people's elbow venous blood was collected after given oral administration of 12.5mg clozapine at different time point, in which clozapine and its metabolites were extracted with solid phase extraction (SPE) and determined by HPLC-MS-MS. The qualitative analysis was based on retention time and MRM ions. The quantitative analysis was based on an internal standard method and calibration curve. Using the 3p97 pharmacokinetic software, pharmacokinetic equation of clozapine in the blood were imitated from the C-T data, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Results The pharmacokinetics of clozapine met a two compartment open model with a first kinetics absorption. The Tmax of clozapine(CLP), demethylclozapine(DMCLP), N-oxidation-clozapine(NO-CLP) respectively were 2.96±1.32h, 8.65±3.00h, 9.31±26.38h; The Cmax of CLP, DMCLP, NO-CLP respectively were 34.68±9.32ng/mL, 11.16±4.15ng/mL, 9.62±13.88ng/mL;The t1/2 of CLP, DMCLP, NO-CLP respectively were 17.02±23.63h, 27.06±12.58h, 41.27±29.75h; The detection window of CLP, DMCLP, NO-CLP respectively were 81.72±26.19h, 93.21±29.40h and 19.93±14.62h. Conclusion The pharmacokinetics of clozapine in blood of Han people is consistent with two compartment open model with a first kinetics absorption. The pharmacokinetics model and parameters of clozapine can provide expirimental basis for forensic identification of clozapine poisoning cases.

Objective To report the clinical and peripheral neuropathological findings in two patients with autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2K(AR-CMT2K).Methods Case one was a nine year-old girl.She had distal weakness of lower limbs for six years, with calf atrophy and contracture of Achilles tendon for three years.Case two was an eight year-old boy.He had distal weakness of lower limbs with contracture of Achilles tendon and calf muscle atrophy for three years, and proximal weakness of low limbs for two years.The motor nerve conduction velocities in median nerves were 48.1 m/s in case one and 47.6 m/s in case two.The compound motor action potential amplitude of median nerves decreased by 46% in case one and 69% in case two.Sural nerve biopsies and gene targeted next-generation sequencing were performed in both patients.Results Density of myelinated fibers was 8 407/mm2 in case one and 7 714/mm2 in case two.The ratio of myelinated fibers with diameter over 8 μm was 2.6% in case one and 0 in case two.Both patients had small regenerating cluster of myelinated fibers.Thin myelinated fibers appeared in case one.In case two, atypical onion bulb formations with focal folded myelin appeared, and electromicroscopy revealed mitochondrial aggregate in axons.Compound heterozygous mutations of ganglioside-induced differentiation associated protein 1 gene were detected in both patients, including c.767A>G(p.H256R) and c.466G>A (p.A156T) in case one and c.767A>G and 845G>A(p.R282H) in case two.Conclusions Contracture of Achilles tendon may appear in early childhood of AR-CMT2K patients.The main pathological changes in sural nerve are loss of large myelinated fibers, mitochondrial aggregate in axons and myelin abnormalities.

This study left flavonoids and alkaloids Chinese herbal monomer with common parent nucleus as cream base carriages drug respectively, cream base were prepared with stable span 60-tween 80 emulsification system. The near-infrared stability analysis technology was performed to quantitatively characterize the physical stability of cream. Base on the theory of gel network structure, theory of emulsification, theory of solubility parameter and theory of double layer, the influence mechanism of Chinese herbal monomer on physical stability of cream was discussed. The results showed that tetrahydropalmatine, matrine and naringenin had similar solubility parameter value with cream base material, creams prepared with those Chinese herbal monomer have higher Zeta potential value and stronger physical stability, and that those creams had similar microstructure information with cream base. However, a larger solubility parameter difference exists between baicalin, baicalein, berberine, palmatine and cream base material. Creams prepared with those Chinese herbal monomers had lower Zeta potential value and poorer physical stability, and that those creams had great different microstructure information with cream base.
Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Skin Cream ; chemistry ; Solubility

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Tablets