Total 2625 cases of pulmonary sequestration were collected from literatures of Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure from 1998 to 2008. The age, gender, clinical symptoms, chest CT scan,chest X-ray findings, lesion location, supplying artery, venous reflux, and preoperative misdiagnosis of 2625 cases were retrospectively reviewed. The male: female ratio of all cases was 1.58: 1. The main clinical symptoms of pulmonary sequestration were cough, sputum, fever, hemoptysis and chest pain, but 13.36% patients were asymptomatic. Chest CT scan showed pulmonary massive lesions (49.00%), pulmonary cystic lesions (28.57%), pulmonary cystic-solid lesions ( 11.57% ), and flaky shadows (7.96%). Pulmonary sequestration mainly located in the lower lobe; 66. 43% located in the left posterior basal segments, and 20. 16% located in the right posterior basal segments. Pulmonary sequestrations were divided into three types, intralobar sequestration (83. 84% ), extralobar sequestration ( 16.03% ), and mixed sequestration (0.13% ). The arterial supply was mainly from branches of thoracic aorta (76. 55% ) and abdominal aorta (18.47%). The clinical manifestations of pulmonary sequestration were various, so the preoperative misdiagnosis rate was as high as (59 ± 20) %. We should take full advantage of clinical symptoms, imaging findings and location characteristics to improve the preoperative diagnosis rate.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Cyanamide ; analysis ; Spectrophotometry ; Workplace

Dioscin, a typical saponin, is widely present in the family of Dioscoreaceae, Liliaceae, Caryophyllaceae and Rosaceae, especially in Dioscoreaceae, including Discorea nipponica Makino, Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright and Dioscorea panthaica Prain et Burkill. Traditional Chinese medicine reported that dioscin plays a role in expectorant, relaxing the muscles and stimulating the blood circulation, aiding digestion and diuresis. With the development of science and technology in recent years, some new extraction and separation techniques and methods have been applied to the study of dioscin, and more and more pharmacological effects were found. Modern pharmacology studies have confirmed that dioscin had some activities on desensitization, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, anti-tumor, hepatoprotection and anti-viral. After oral administration, dioscin is metabolized to diosgenin, which is the true active ingredient and is an important raw material to synthesize steroid hormone drugs. Therefore, the studies on dioscin are valueable and promising. In this review, we make a summary on the researches of dioscin including the extraction technology, separation and prepara- tion, chemical synthesis, drug metabolism, determination and pharmacological researches.
Animals ; Biological Products ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Diosgenin ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Plant Extracts ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Activins ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neuroprotective Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Treatment Outcome

The acute and chronic respiratory tract inflammation models were made to investigate the effect and mechanism of sterol extracts from Begonia Sinensis Rhizome (BSR). The first model of acute lung injury was made with Kunming mice by inhaling cigarette smoke, then the mice were treated with different concentrations of BSR sterol extracts. Lung tissue morphology was detected by HE staining, TNF-alpha/MPO were detected by Elisa, and cPLA2 protein were, detected by Western blotting respectively. Results showed that in model group, lung sheet became real, alveolar space shrank or disappeared, alveolar septum was thickened, plenty of inflammatory cells were infiltrated, capillary blood vessels were congestive and the expression of TNF-α, MPO, cPLA2 increased; after administration, a small amount of inflammatory cells were infiltrated, alveolar septum became obvious, capillary congestion status was significantly relieved and the expression of TNF-α, MPO, cPLA2 decreased (P < 0.05). The second model of chronic respiratory tract inflammation in BALB/c mice with bronchial asthma was induced by OVA, then the mice were treated with different concentrations of BSR sterol extracts. Lung tissue morphology was detected by HE staining, indexes such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 were detected by Elisa, and the cPLA2 protein expression was detected by Western blotting respectively. Results showed that in model group, a lot of inflammatory cells around lung vessels and bronchi exuded, bronchial goblet cells proliferated and the expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, cPLA2 increased; after administration, inflammatory and goblet cell hyperplasia reduced, the expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, cPLA2 also decreased (P < 0.05). The above results showed BSR sterol extracts could resist against respiratory inflammation by inhibiting cPLA2 in a dose-dependent manner.
Animals ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; Begoniaceae ; chemistry ; Cytokines ; genetics ; immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-13 ; genetics ; immunology ; Interleukin-4 ; genetics ; immunology ; Interleukin-5 ; genetics ; immunology ; Lung ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Sterols ; administration & dosage

Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; Societies, Medical ; United States

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid and cefazolin in rat plasma.METHODS: Chromatographic determination was performed on spherisorb C18 column with methyl alcohol- 0. 1mol/L potassium ethydrogen phosphate(30: 70v/v, pH 3.0)as the mobile phase and a flow rate of 1.2ml/min.Detection wavelengthes were UV 275nm for chlorogenic acid and 326nm for cefazolin.The concentrations of chlorogenic acid and cefazolin in rat plasma were detected.RESULTS: The calibration curves were linear with the correlation coefficients of 0.997 and 0.998, repectively.The RSDs for the between- day and within- day were both lower than 4% for chlorogenic acid and 6% for cefazolin, respective.The mean recoveries were 93.30%, 93.35% and 96.40% for chlorogenic acid, and 93.41%, 96.60% and 92.36% for cefazolin at large, middle and low dosages, respectively.The concentrations of cefazolin in rat plasma were decreased in coadministration with chlorogenic acid.CONCLUSION: The study provides a simple method for simultaneous determination of the plasma levels of chlorogenic acid and cefazolin.

〔Abstract〕 In the paper , the status quo of mobile medical service is analyzed , proving a new mode of mobile medical service for pa-tients.The suggested functions like self -service information query and medical service guiding as well as solutions to the relevant system structure and information security are elaborated in detail .In addition, the feasibility of construction of applications for mobile medical di-agnosis and treatment is also discussed .

Objective To optimize the conditions of process for extraction of volatile oil of Rhizoma Zedoariae (RZ) in Weishu Granules and preparation of its ? - cyclodextrin- inclusion complexes. Methods Orthogonal design was adopted. Extraction content of RZ volatile oil was used as the index for the optimizing of extraction process. The amount of inclusion complexes and efficient inclusion rate served as the indexes for the optimizing of inclusion process. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was applied to detect the content of volatile oil. Results The optimal extraction conditions were: gringding the crude RZ into coarse grains, adding 12- fold water and distilling the mixture for 6 h; the optimal inclusion conditions were: ? - cyclodextrin and volatile oil were mixed in the proportion of 8 :1, 2- fold water was added into the mixture and the mixture was triturated for 60 min. The maximum UV spectrum absorbance of aethylis acetas liquor of valatile oil located at wavelength of 253nm. Conclusion Higher extraction rate of RZ volatile oil can be achieved by this technique; volatile oil is powdered and its stability increased after being included by ? - cyclodextrin.