Objective There are many methods to treat adult humeral shaft fracture. Plates fixation and intramedullary locking nail are two important methods. Though plate fixation are "gold criterion", there were many defects limited its development. With humeral intramedullary nail widely used, this study is to analysis and investigates the complications of locked nailing in humeral shaft fractures. Methods Between January 2000 and January 2004, 90 humeral shaft fractures (74 acute fractures and 16 delayed unions or nonunions) in 89 patients were treated with humeral intramedullary locking nails and followed up for an average of 25.4 months(12-34 months). There were 56 males and 33 females, with an average age of 39.3 years. Acute fractures included 62 closed, 7 Gustilo type Ⅰ, 3 type Ⅱ and 2 type Ⅲa open fractures. 12 nonunions had previous operations. 8 patients had radial nerve palsy. In general, acute fractures were treated with closed nailing and nonunions were treated with open nailing with bone grafting. 53 proximal humeral fracture were treated by antegrade nail, the others with distal humeral fracture were treated by retrograde nail. Results In total, 17 patients had 18 significant complications. 5 of them were persistent nonunions. There was no statistics difference between antegrade nail and retrograde nail. The others were protruded screws, fracture gap, shoulder impairment, elbow impairment, angular malunion, deep infection and postnailing radial nerve palsy. Conclusion The risk of operative comminution was significantly higher in retrograde nailing, and operative comminution resulted in a significantly higher risk of nonunion. Many complications of humeral locked nailing can be prevented by improving the implant design or surgical techniques.

Objective To explore the knowledge about HIV/AIDS and related factors associated among farmer workers with private corporations in Guangxi and to inform intervention programs.Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among workers working with 10 private corporations,and data were analyzed using logistic regression.Results Correct answers to questions about HIV/AIDS transmission route accounted for over 85%,yet much less regarding knowledge about non-transmission routes and prevention methods.The factors associated with knowledge about HIV/AIDS included gender,age,nationality,registered living place and years of schooling.Conclusions HIV/AIDS-related education should be strengthened for farmer workers working for private corporations.

The diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer are being improved due to the popularized screening of prostate specific antigen. Advanced prostate cancer, in spite of its response to androgen deprivation therapy, may finally develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and shorten the overall survival of the patients. Many efforts have been made by worldwide researchers for new approaches to the management of CRPC, including new hormonal therapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and bone metastasis-targeted therapy. This paper reviews the emerging agents undergoing clinical evaluation and drugs that have received approval for the treatment of CRPC in order to provide doctors and patients with more treatment options for CRPC and improve the overall survival rate and quality of life of the patients.
Androgen Antagonists ; Bone Neoplasms ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Male ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant ; therapy ; Quality of Life

0.05). In the group of pirenzepine, the RBF, velocity and volume significantly increased at 0.5 h and 1 h after injection compared with that before injection (P0.05). Conclusion These results suggest that pirenzepine could increase RBF and oxygen in blood with the peak time at 0.5 h and 1 h after intravitreous injection.

By analyzing scientific research misconduct and its causes,this paper revealed the conflicts between interests of researchers and management,and proposed measures and suggestions to construct scientific integrity system in Chinese institutions by drawing on experiences from Australia、UK and America.

We herein overviewed the history,achievement and plan of the twelfth-five program for the development of key medical disciplines in Zhejiang Province.We summarized the practice and characteristics of establishing of the key medical discipline in the Zhejiang Province,and a systemic survey was conducted on the effectiveness of the program.We then proposed several improvements strategies including academic training,multidiscipline coordination,and fund managements to eventually establish the new pattern of discipline development.

Aim To explore the inhibitory effect of isobavachalcone (IBC)on migration and invasion of
tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca81 1 3 cells and its possible mechanism.Methods Tca81 1 3 cells were
treated in different concentrations of IBC in vitro.Cell proliferation was detected by MTT;Wound healing as-say and Transwell chamber assay were used to detect the ability of cell migration and invasion;Western blot was applied to detect the expression of Akt,p-Akt, MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins.Results IBC could in-hibit the proliferation of Tca81 1 3 cells in a concentra-tion-and time-dependent manner.IBC can reduce cell migration and invasion.Western blot showed that IBC could an decrease the expression of p-Akt,MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins in a concentration-dependent manner.
However,the level of Akt was not affected by the con-centration of IBC treatment.Conclusion IBC could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion in Tca81 1 3 cells and its mechanism may be associated with the down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 pro-teins and the inhibition of phosphorylation of upstream Akt.

Objective To explore the imaging characteristics of testicular germ cell tumors and to improve the MRI diagnostic level. Methods MRI and clinical data of 25 cases confirmed testicular germ cell tumor by pathological examination were retrospectively analyzed. All the 25 cases were performed plain scan of MRI,and 16 patients underwent MRI enhanced scan.The size,morphology,signal intensity, adjacent structures,enhancement figure and tumor supplying artery were assessed and the histopathological findings were servered as the standard of reference.Results In the all 25 testicular germ cell tumors,10 cases were seminoma,8 cases showed homogeneous low signal intensity,2 cases of seminoma were low signal intensity on T2 WI,furthermore 5 cases performed poor nodular enhance-ment,2 cases performed homogeneous enhancement,4 cases performed fibrous septa enhancement.4 cases were yolk sac tumor ap-peared equal-low signal on T1 WI,slightly high signal intensity on T2 WI and progressive enhancement.Mature teratoma,pidermoid cyst and mixed germ cell tumor were 3 cases respectively,the MRI demonstrated mixed low signal intensity on T1 WI and mixed high signal on T2 WI.2 cases were embryonal carcinoma demonstrated middle-low signal intensity on T1 WI,and mixed low signal intensity on T2 WI.The two cases revealed bleeding signal intensity and septa enhancement.Conclusion MRI can be used to diagnose germ cell tumors with high accuracy,and provides essential information for pathological type,stage and differential diagnosis.

In recent years, the Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis theory has pointed out that there is an interaction between gut microbiota and central nervous system diseases.A number of studies have shown that there is a link between gut microbiota and depression, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.The association between gut microbiota and stroke has also attracted wide attention.This article reviews the association between gut microbiota and stroke.

Objective:To examine the inhibitory effect and mechanism of niclosamide combined with low-dose cisplatin on adrenocor-tical carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Methods:A SW-13 cell transplanted tumor model was first established in nude mice. The nude mice were then divided into the control group, niclosamide group, cisplatin group, and combined drug group. The groups were compared in terms of tumor body volume, tumor weight, and biochemical index. The cell apoptosis rate of the transplanted tumor tis-sue was detected by TUNEL assay, while Bcl-2 and caspase-3 protein expression in the transplanted tumor tissue was detected by im-munohistochemistry and Western blot. Results:The terminal tumor volume and weight of the combined drug group were lower than those of the niclosamide and cisplatin groups (all P<0.001). The white blood cell count of the cisplatin and combined drug groups were lower than that of the control group (all P<0.001). Meanwhile, no difference was observed between the cisplatin and combined drug groups (P=0.29). The creatinine and glutamic pyruvic transaminase of the cisplatin and combined drug groups were higher than those of the control group (all P<0.001), whereas no significant difference was observed in the levels of creatinine and alanine aminotransfer-ase between cisplatin and combined drug groups (all P>0.05). TUNEL test results showed that the cell apoptotic rate of the combined drug group was higher than that of the niclosamide group (P=0.004) and cisplatin group (P=0.005). Immunohistochemistry and West-ern blot test results showed that Bcl-2 expression in the combined drug group was lower than those of the niclosamide and cisplatin groups (all P<0.001), while caspase-3 expression in the combined drug group was the highest among those of other groups (all P<0.001). Conclusion:Niclosamide can enhance the inhibitory effect of low-dose cisplatin on the growth of adrenocortical carcinoma and has no additional side effects. This enhancement is probably related to the influence of niclosamide on Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expres-sion levels. Niclosamide promotes the apoptosis of the tumor cells by influencing Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression.